动词的被动语态

一。被动语态构成 be+done 一般现在时 am/is/are+done 一般过去时was/were +done

一般将来时will/shall/be going to +be done 完成时 have/has/had been done 进行时 be being done

不及物动词不用被动语态：happen, take place, occur, break out 正确理解各种常见时态的被动语态

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受着.例如The old doctor is respected by everyone.

被动语态谓语动词be+及物动词的过去分词.

被动语态共有十种时态. 以动词tell为例,其被动语态的各种时态构成如下: 一般 进行 am/is/are+being told 过去 Was/were+told was/were_being told 将来 Shall/will+be told shall/will+have told 过去Should/would+be 将来 told Should/would+have been told been had been told 进行 has/have+been told 现在 Am/is/are+told 下面以往届高考题中出现的被动语态为例说明其具体用法. 一般现在时(MET1993.30)

答案: B. 在世界上一些地区,茶里放有牛奶和糖一起(被)供应. 一般过去时: 答案: C

从句中”This ia Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot.” 可 知 Ted 已 经 死 了,因 此”kill”应为过去的动作,而且是被动语态. 现在进行时: (2001春招, 17)

答案: D. 从后面的提示看,这项工程还没有完工,故应正在建设中,而且是被动语态,故答案为 D. 一般将来时:(2001春招,15)

Hundreds of jobs________if the factory closes.

A. lose B.are lost C.will be lost D.will lose 答案: C

此题中包含一个if引导的 条 件 状 语 从 句,从 句 用 现 在 时 代 替 将 来 时,因 此 主 句应用一般将来时,而且句意为被动, 故答案为 C.

二．不同句型的被动语态 1.双宾语的被动语态

eg. I give my brother a computer.

Sb间接宾语 sth直接宾语 A: My brother is given a computer by me. B: A computer is given to my brother. 2.复合宾语的被动语态

eg.We call him Lao Li.= He is called Lao Li by us.

She told me to wait for you.=I was told to wait for you by her. 3.感官动词和使役动词(let/make/have)的被动语态

1).The boss made his workers work 15 hours each day.

The workers were made to work 15 hours each day(bu the boss). 2).I saw a child cross the road alone.

A child was seen to cross the road alone. 4.情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be + done 1). We can turn solids into liquids.

Solids can be turned into liquids. 2).You must not leave the bike here. The bike must not be left here.

5.动词短语的被动语态 必须注意动词短语的完整性

eg. They take a good care of the children.

The children are taken a good care of. A good care is taken of the children.

类似的短语还有：pay attention to, make use of etc. 三。特别注意用动词的主动形式表示被动意义的情况

1.有些动词（表示某一物体的状态,性质,特征,）形式上主动，意义上被动，如：sell，write，wash，shut，lock，need，last。 The door won’t shut.-（这词典销路很好。） The dictionary sells well.-（这词典销路很好。）

My recorder needs repairing.（我的录音机需要修理了。）

4. This kind of cloth lasts long.-（这布料耐穿。） 2.表示感觉的五个连系动词

例如 The surface of the table_________smooth enough.

A.isn’t felt B.isn’t feeling C.doesn’t feel D.hasn’t felt

正确答案:C

3.Sth is well worth +doing. Sth need doing/ to be done.

4.will+动词原形或 would+动词原形，表示（过去）将来经常发生的动作常表示主语自身具有的特征或一种倾向性。 例如：Don’t get the ink on your shirt, for it________.

A.won’t wash out B.wasn’t washed out C.won’t be washing out D.hasn’t washed out

正确答案: A

例如: I tried hard to push the door open, but it_________.

A. wouldn’t be opened B.wouldn’t open C.wouldn’t have opened D.hasn’t opened

正确答案:B

Exercises

All the work_______as a result of the hard work and they decided to have a two weeks’ holiday.

A. was completed B. has been completed C.had completed D.is completed

---________you____the editor at the airport? ---No, he ________away before my arrival.

Have, met, has driven B.Had, met, was driven C. Did, meet, had been driven D.Have, met. Had driven ---John took a photo of you just now.

---Really? What a pity! I______________.

A.didn’t look B.wasn’t looking C.hadn’t looked D.haven’t looked

---______Mr. White______this week? ---No, he is on holiday.

A.Has, worked B.Does, work C.Is, working D.Did, work

Look! Everything here is under construction. What is the pretty small house that_________for?

A.is being built B.has been built C.is built D.is building

The boy is ill. He_______absent from school for at least a week.

A. has to B.is to C.will have to D.will have to be Answer ACBCAC