Unit 4
Section One Tactics for Listening
Part 1 Spot Dictation
Stephen Powelson’s Amazing Memory
When Stephen Powelson was nine, his school organized a (1) weekly contest in memorizing passages from the Bible. Stephen paid (2) no attention until he was chided* for (3) not competing. The next Sunday he surprised everyone by (4) reciting all the passages for the (5) entire year.
As a teenager in prep school, Stephen took Greek. His teacher (6) assigned 21 lines of the Iliad* to be memorized (7) in a week. At the end of the hour - though he (8) insisted he paid full attention to the (9) lecture - Stephen knew all 21. He went on to memorize the first (10) 100 lines.
In 1978, for the first time (11) since college, Powelson, now 60, had some (12) spare time. To keep his mind active, he reread the Iliad and (13) discovered that he still knew the first 100 lines (14) by heart.
That someone could memorize so much between ages 60 and 70 is (15) astonishing to most people, who are (16) convinced that memory (17) worsens as we grow older.
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Powelson's method is to (18) read a book into his tape recorder, then read it several more times, making sure he understands (19) each word. \"Also,\" he says, \"I attempt to (20) visualize myself as part of the action.\"
Part 2 Listening for Gist
You might not know how rarely images are viewed directly through telescopes. The most common way to observe the skies is to photograph them. The process is very simple. First, a photographic plate is coated with a light-sensitive material. The plate is positioned so that the image received by the telescope is recorded on it. Then the image can be developed, enlarged, and published so that many people can study it.
Because most astronomical objects are very remote, the light we receive from them is rather feeble. But by using a telescope as a camera, long time exposures can be made. In this way, objects can be photographed that are a hundred times too faint to be seen by just looking through a telescope.
1) This passage is about how to photograph astronomical objects. 2) Photograph, coated, light-sensitive material, positioned, received, recorded, developed, enlarged, published, remote, feeble, telescope, camera, long exposures
Section Two Listening Comprehension
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Part one Dialogue
Tunisian Holiday
Vocabulary amphitheatre mosaic
coach n. 公共马车，普通旅客车厢 resort n. 胜地，常去之地
(Someone is enquiring about the Tunisian holiday.) Agent: Hello, Bath Travel.
Client: Hello, I'd like to find out more about your Tunisian holiday for amateur archaeologists. I've read about it in the paper, but I'd like to know more about what is involved.
Agent: You mean you'd like to know the itinerary? Client: Yes, that's right.
Agent: All right. Just briefly, you arrive in Tunis at midday on the first day and go by coach to La Marsa. Then there is a short briefing by the archaeologist and then the rest of the day you are free to explore.
The second day you get up before dawn and go to Carthage to see the sunrise. You have breakfast and a lecture there and then go by coach to Mansoura, where there are beautiful coves(小海湾). After lunch you can walk
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along the beach, to Kerkouane. The walk takes about four hours. Kerkouane is one of the most recent and most exciting sites. Then by coach to Kelibia, a fishing village, in time for sunset over the harbor. Client: That sounds rather a long walk.
Agent: Well, it's an easy walk. Flat all the way, and very pretty. But you can go by coach, if you prefer. The third day you spend in Hammamet on Cap Bon, and the day is free to enjoy the town. It's a lovely old town and resort. And the fourth day you take the coach to the ruin of EI Djem, which is a magnificent amphitheatre*. You have lunch in Sfax and then you take the ferry to the beautiful Kerkennah Islands. Client: Islands, you say?
Agent: Yes, they're very peaceful and you spend the fifth day there. The fishermen will take everyone out on their sailing boats and there will be a fishermen's picnic. On the sixth day you visit the Great Mosque of Kairouan and have a picnic lunch. Then take the coach to the lovely port of Bizerte for the last night. And the final day there is a visit to the ancient Roman capital of Utica with its fantastic mosaics* and then a coach to Tunis International Airport.
Client: Have you got a full brochure which gives more details?
Exercise
Directions: Listen to the dialogue and complete the following itinerary.
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Tunisian holiday for amateur archaeologists Day The first day Activities Arrive in Tunis at midday and go by coach to La Marsa. Then there is a short briefing by the archaeologist. Get up before dawn and go to Carthage to see the sunrise. The second day You have breakfast and a lecture there and then go by coach to Mansoura, where there are beautiful coves. After lunch you can walk along the beach, to Kerkouane, which is one of the most recent and most exciting sites. Then by coach to Kelibia, a fishing village, in time for sunset over the harbor . The third day Spend in Hammamet on Cap Bon to enjoy the town. It's a lovely old town and resort. Take the coach to the ruin of El Djem, which is a magnificent amphitheatre. Have lunch in Sfax and then take the ferry!. to The fourth day the beautiful Kerkennah Islands. The fishermen will take and fifth day everyone out on their sailing boats and there will be a fishermen’s picnic. Word 文档
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Visit the Great Mosque of Kairouan and have a picnic lunch. The sixth day Then take the coach to the lovely port of Bizerte for the last night. There is a visit to the ancient Roman capital of Utica with its The final day fantastic mosaics and then a coach to Tunis International Airport.
Part 2 Passage
Mexican Gray Wolf
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Exercise A Pre-listening Question
The wolf is a large member of the canine(犬科的) family. Most of the adult grey wolves weigh in the vicinity of 75 to 125 pounds (34 to 56 kilograms). Wolves live in family groups called packs. A pack is usually made up of a male parent, a female parent, their pups and a few other adult wolves who are the older brothers and sisters. Wolves can run up to 40 miles an hour and can easily cover 50 miles a day.
The wolf has developed the capacity to survive in the most inhospitable of climates. The wolves in the high arctic endure several winter months of perpetual darkness. Even in February when the sun returns to the north, temperatures of -40°C and bitter winds are common. In the wild wolves can live up to 13 years or more; in a protected wolf park or a controlled area of land, a wolf can live to be up to 16 years old.
1) After more than a century of assault by humans, the wolf population had dwindled to no more than a handful by the 1970s in Mexico and the American southwest.
2) The program is now about halfway to meeting its goal of a \"wild\" population of at least 100 wolves covering more than 12,800 square kilometers.
3) Decisions about mating, movement among the 45 captive-breeding facilities and releases into the wild are made by a US-Mexican
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committee of scientists, land owners and others.
4) A wolf with rare genes - until it has successfully reproduced - will never be released because· of the high mortality rate in the wild. 5) The recovery program is gradually moving away from freeing captive-born wolves, as the population of pups born free takes off. ****
Francisco and Sheila were pioneers in a federal program in Eureka, 32 kilometers southwest of S1. Louis, the United States, to restore the endangered Mexican gray wolf, the rarest and most genetically distinct subspecies of gray wolf in North America.
After more than a century of assault by humans, the wolf population had dwindled to no more than a handful by the 1970s in Mexico and the American southwest.
The research center, popularly known as the Wolf Sanctuary*, was founded in 1971 by Marlin Perkins, a world-renowned naturalist and former director of the St. Louis Zoo, and his wife Carol. Besides the Mexican wolf, the sanctuary works with the endangered red wolf, maned wolf (maned: 有鬃毛的; maned wolf 鬣狼), swift fox and African wild dogs.
In the late 1970s, the last seven known wolves were captured in the wild or taken from zoos to begin the breeding program. In 1981, the first
captive-bred litter of Mexican gray wolves produced in the federal program
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was born at the Wild Canid (犬科动物) Center, and the first release into the wild took place in 1998. The program is now about halfway to meeting its goal of a \"wild\" population of at least 100 wolves covering more than 12,800 square kilometers.
Though in captivity themselves, Francisco and Sheila taught their pups so well that many are thriving in the wild. They were ideal parents. They raised 25 babies, taught them good survival skills and sent many of them off to live on their own.
Nine of Francisco and Sheila's offspring were among the first 11 captive-born Mexican gray wolves released in 1998. Both parent wolves have since died - Francisco at age 14 in December. Sheila at age 16 in June 2000 - but they lived, as captive wolves often do, roughly twice as long as wolves in the wild. Today the Wild Canid Survival and Research Center in Eureka estimates that 98 percent of Mexican wolves released from the federal program are descendants of the prolific* lobo* pair. （lobo=timber wolf）
About 250 lobos now live in captivity at 45 US and Mexican facilities. The Wild Canid Center, however, has produced more puppies and housed more Mexican grays than any other facility.
The Wild Canid Center is ideated* on 25 isolated hectares(公顷) within Washington University's Tyson Research Center. The wolves live in large outdoor with minimal human contact. They learn to
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hunt, , live in natural family packs, and to be suspicious of people - all necessary skills for surviving in the wild.
Decisions
about
mating,
movement
among
the
45
and releases into the wild are made by a US-Mexican committee of scientists, land owners and others. They also maintain . A wolf with rare genes - until it has successfully reproduced - will never be released because of
the in the wild. It's not uncommon for freed wolves to be struck by cars or shot by hunters; in recent weeks, five have died.
Despite the losses, released wolves are . The recovery program is gradually moving away from freeing captive-born wolves, as the population of pups born free . Scientists want to let nature decide what's a good wolf and what's not through .
The Wild Canid Center is ideated* on 25 isolated hectares(公顷) within Washington University's Tyson Research Center. The wolves live in large outdoor enclosures with minimal human contact. They learn to hunt, raise young, live in natural family packs, and to be suspicious of people - all necessary skills for surviving in the wild.
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Decisions about mating, movement among the 45 captive-breeding facilities and releases into the wild are made by a US-Mexican committee of scientists, land owners and others. They also maintain a genetic database. A wolf with rare genes - until it has successfully reproduced - will never be released because of the high mortality rate in the wild. It's not uncommon for freed wolves to be struck by cars or shot by hunters; in recent weeks, five have died.
Despite the losses, released wolves are reproducing. The recovery program is gradually moving away from freeing captive-born wolves, as the population of pups born free takes off. Scientists want to let nature decide what's a good wolf and what's not through natural selection.
Exercise B Sentence Dictation
Directions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.
Exercise C Detailed Listening
1 Directions: Listen to the passage and complete the information about a Mexican gray wolf research center.
1) The research center's known as: the Wolf Sanctuary
2) Location: in Eureka. 32 Kilometers southwest of St. Louis. the United
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States
3) Founding: in 1971
4) Purpose: to restore the endangered Mexican gray wolf
5) Founder: Marlin Perkins. a world-renowned naturalist and former director the St. Louis Zoo. and his wife Carol
2. Directions: Fill in the blanks with events connected with the following
time expressions.
1) In the late 1970s: The last seven known wolves were captured in the wild or taken from zoos to begin the breeding program.
2) In 1981: The first captive-bred litter of Mexican gray wolves produced in the federal program was born at the wild Canid Center. 3) In 1998: The first release into the wild took place.
Exercise D After-listening Discussion
Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions. 1) Francisco and Sheila were pioneers in a federal program. Though in captivity themselves, they taught their pups so well that many are thriving in the wild. They were ideal parents. They raised 25 babies, taught them good survival skills and sent many of them off to live on their own. Nine of Francisco and Sheila's offspring were among the first 11 captive-born
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Mexican gray wolves released in 1998. Both parent wolves have since died - Francisco at age 14 in December. Sheila at age 16 in June 2000 but they lived, as captive wolves often do, roughly twice as long as wolves in the wild.
The Wild Canid Center is ideated on 25 isolated hectares within. Washington University's Tyson Research Center. Today the Wild Canid Survival and Research Center estimates that 98 percent of Mexican wolves released from the federal program are descendants of the prolific lobo pair. About 250 lobos now live in captivity at 45 US and Mexican facilities. The Wild Canid Center has produced more puppies and housed more Mexican grays than any other facility. Other large US newspapers were singled out too, including the Wall Street Journal, which won the Pulitzer for breaking news, despite being displaced from its offices at the World Trade Center. The Washington Post received Pulitzers in two categories, investigative and national reporting. (Open)
Section Three News
News Item1
When Astroland opened in 1962 it represented the future of amusement theme parks, boasting state-of-the-art rides(游乐场所供
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人玩乐的乘坐装置) and attractions operating with an outer-space theme.
The park is a fixture on the Coney Island boardwalk, best known for the Cyclone, its wooden roller coaster and the Wonder Wheel, a seaside landmark. Astroland's 22 rides and three game arcades provided jobs for up to 300 people.
Astroland has been by far the biggest amusement center on Coney Island, which has been a favorite holiday destination for Americans in the New York area since the 19th Century. It is the birthplace of the hot dog and is known for its kitschy rides, street performers, sand beaches and family-friendly atmosphere.
But Astroland's final chapter may be still to come. A few days after the park's announced closure, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg said hope is not yet lost, and that city officials are trying to step in and get a one-year renewal of Astroland's lease.
A. Astroland’s announced closure B. 1. It opened in 1962.
2. It represented the future of amusement theme parks, boasting state-of-the-art rides and attractions operating with an outer-space theme.
3. It is best known for the Cyclone, its wooden roller coaster and the
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Wonder Wheel, a seaside landmark.
4. Because they enjoy its kitschy rides, street performers, sand beaches and family-friendly atmosphere.
5. No. The city officials are trying to step in and get a one-year renewal of Astroland's lease.
News Item 2
It's called the \"Highline.\" It's a newly renovated and elevated promenade that was once a railway line for delivering cattle and other food stock. In 1980, the train made its last delivery, bringing frozen turkeys to lower Manhattan. In a densely populated city, the Highline now provides open space for relaxation as it winds through neighborhoods once noted for slaughterhouses.
It's an oasis in a sea of concrete. The walkway includes more than 100 species of plants inspired by the wild landscape left after the trains stopped running. New construction is everywhere. Apartments, office towers, restaurants and even a museum have sprouted alongside the promenade.
The first section of the Highline was inaugurated in May, after 15 years of planning and political battles. New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, along with benefactors like clothing designer Diane von
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Furstenberg and her husband, media mogul Barry Diller, cut the ribbon.
The first two sections of the Highline cost $152 million. Of that, $44 million was raised by the public. To those who visit, it seems it was well worth the wait and the money.
News Item3
African American History Museum
An old Greyhound Bus* terminal sits unused in the heart of downtown Dothan, Alabama. It's hardly noticeable, nestled between two office buildings and surrounded by a chain link fence. There are no written signs that hint of the structure's controversial history. Four decades ago it was a symbol of racial segregation. During the 1960s, bus terminals like other public facilities throughout the American south were divided into white areas and black areas. The building still has the separate entrance and restroom facilities that black customers were legally required to use. Today,
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those elements have a different social value, and they will become one of the centerpieces of a new African American history museum.
The museum will include galleries devoted to the accomplishments of George Washington Garver* and other black scientists and inventors. There will be a gallery depicting black heroes of military and social campaigns. And the city of Dothan is helping. It's providing the museum with some financial support, and it's already promoting the attraction to visitors. The G-W Carver Interpretive Museum should open doors by August and its director Francina Williams hopes to capitalize on Alabama's historic role . the center of America's Civil Rights movement. When visitors come to Birmingham, Selma and Montgomery to learn about the struggles that African Americans have endured, she would like them I make a side trip to Dothan to see what African Americans have contributed to Alabama, America Id the world. Exercise A
Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.
This news item is about an African American history museum showing the struggles and contributions f African Americans.
Exercise B
Direction: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
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1.F2. T 3. F 4.F 5.T 6. T 7. F 8.T
Section Four supplementary Exercises
Part 1 Feature Report
Lamaina grew up listening to her grandfather's stories of Garaguso.
Tommaso Lamaina immigrated from Garaguso to Philadelphia in the 1920s in search of work. But he never let his family forget the place where generations of their forefathers had lived.
The stories inspired Lamaina’s dream of developing her own relationship with a place she was never able to visit with her
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grandfather, who died when she was a teenager. So in 2000, with years of experience as a professional photographer behind her, she decided to begin an annual pilgrimage to Garaguso to capture life there on film.
Garaguso is a farming village, home to about 1,500 people, in the mountainous region of Basilicata, located in the instep of Italy's boot. It's one of the most remote and least developed zones in the country. After decades of emigration, it's sparsely populated. One out of seven of the people who remain can't read or write.
Lamaina's photos show a Garaguso that seems hardly to have changed in centuries, an anachronism compared with a very modern Italy. Taken in black and white, they show the winding cobblestone streets and ancient buildings of the historical centre. There are donkeys, loaded up with kindling for the open fires and stoves, which still warm the houses.
There are portraits of men with gnarled faces, wearing black pants and white shirts from a past era. There's the local baker, whose family has been selling bread in the same building since the late 1700s. There are women with white hair and no teeth, dressed in black.
Arriving in the village where her family had lived for generations was
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like a homecoming for Lamaina. She grew up in an inner-city neighborhood of Philadelphia, in the bosom of an immigrant southern Italian community. At home, her relatives spoke the dialect of Garaguso rather than English.
But over the years, the reserve has lessened. Lamaina admits, and her work shows, that life in Garaguso is not easy. The locals work from sunup to sundown in the fields, tending their crops and animals. They eat what they produce. Little is imported and nothing goes to waste. But she believes it's rich in the things that matter, like generosity, hospitality and family ties. In this respect, she says, the village has something to teach those who see her work.
Lamaina recently held an exhibition of her work in Florence, where she now lives. She's also giving a copy of her images to City Hall in Garaguso.
After eight years of recording life there, Susanna Lucia Lamaina's not ready to put away her camera yet. She says she has many more photographs to take and hopes her work will put her family village on the map. Her grandfather, Tommaso Lamaina, would have been proud.
A. Susanna Lucia Lamaina’s recording life in Garaguso. B. T,T,T, T,T,F,T,F
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Part 2 Passage
Safari
1) A blur of gold was spotted through the high, wind-whipped grasses and off we walked toward the lion's den.
2) He couldn't stop smiling as we crept closer and closer into the glow of the day's last light.
3) Just a meter away from the lions a straggling buffalo loped by, but our appearance seemed to distract them and the buffalo got away. 4) Under an open sky we winded our way through cracked sun-baked pathways. Our guides knelt in the sand, pointing out the differences between the various animal tracks.
5) Thrashing in the water a mauve-colored hippo grunted, snapped his giant jaws, and lunged forward.
We kept our distance behind a log on the banks of the river.
A blur of gold was spotted through the high, wind-whipped grasses and off we walked toward the lion's den*. We glanced at each other nervously, but forged ahead. My friends and I had come to experience the African bush on foot, so, gulping, we fell in shaky step behind our two ranger guides. Their rifles were at the ready. So were our zoom lenses. Seeing lions was a special treat, even for our veteran guide, and he couldn't stop smiling as we
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crept closer and closer into the glow of the day's last light.
About 150 meters ahead we counted 10 lions sitting in a semicircle in the grass. Their heads poked up through the grass thicket, listening, aware.
Just a meter away from the lions a straggling* buffalo loped by. Perhaps the lions' intended dinner? But our appearance seemed to distract them and the buffalo got away.
We were in the Kruger National Park*, the largest game park in South Africa, on a guided walking safari.
Kruger National Park is the country's main game* reserve. Roughly the size of Wales, it stretches for almost 2.5 million hectares across a maze of ecozones from flat scrubby bush, dense shrub-like Mopane tree covered hillsides to lush valleys.
For three nights home was a circle of thatched roof two-person huts tucked behind a leafy grove of trees in an enclosed camp that included toilets and hot (mostly) showers.
Dinner was served around an open fire, a massive kettle of hot water for tea or coffee steaming on a nearby pile of smoldering coals.
The only light after dark were swaths of luminous stars overhead and our kerosene* lanterns.
We joked that we had arrived to the catered version of \"Survivor\".
The first morning we climbed out from beneath mosquito nets to the
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muffled sounds of an elephant munching on a tree behind our huts, which were separated only by several meters and a wire mesh fence.
As if the elephant was not wake-cup call enough, outside each hut a jug of water had been poured into a plastic basin for a quick face wash before hitting the trails.
Under an open sky we winded our way through cracked sun-baked pathways through baobab* and kudu* berry trees. Our guides knelt in the sand, pointing out the differences between the various animal tracks.
A line in the sand told a crocodile had recently slipped into a nearby pool.
Later we saw a crocodile sunning on a rock not far from where we had been swimming the day before.
In the same area we had a sunset sighting of a mauve*-colored hippo* who was not happy to see us.
Thrashing in the water he grunted, snapped his giant jaws, and lunged* forward. We kept our distance behind a log on the banks of the river where we later got a glimpse at a family of baboons*.
On our last evening streaks of orange made the sky glow as if on tangerine* fire. We were all on a high from our lion sighting.
I inhaled the colors, the silhouette* of buffalos grazing near a watering hole, the evening dropped in temperature and squeezed a friend's hand. Exercise
A
Pre-listening
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Question Here are the top parks for an African safari:
The beautiful Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya, the world-famous Serengeti National Park and Ngorongoro Crater in Tanzania, the lush green Okavango Delta and Chobe National Park in Botswana and the Etosha National Park in Namibia. Exercise B Sentence Dictation
Directions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.
Exercise C Detailed Listening
Directions: Listen to the passage and answer the following questions. 1) They experienced the African bush on foot. 2) Seeing lions was a special treat for them.
3) They saw 10 lions sitting in a semicircle in the grass.
4) Krugge National Park stretches for almost 2.5 million hectares ,roughly the size of Wales.
5) They stayed in a thatched roof two- person huts with toilets and hot showers.
6) Dinner was served around an open fire.
7) They saw a crocodile sunning on a rock not far from where they had been swimming the day before.
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8) They were all on a high from their lion sighting. Exercise D After-listening Discussion
Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions
1. They saw lions, buffaloes , elephants, crocodiles, hippos, baboons, etc. 2.(Open)
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