Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
I did an experiment by talking to strangers recently.Here are some things I experienced during the experiment.
On October 9th, while visiting my family hometown for a wedding, I met a man sitting on the side of the hotel pool.We started talking.It turned out that he had just moved to the area with his family from Chicago.I told him what I knew about the community, the schools, and particular neighborhoods where he was looking to buy a house.He was grateful to me for my information.The interaction made me feel useful and valuable.
On May 20th, we had three men from a tree trimming(修剪) company visiting our house to cut back our trees.Normally, I would let them work outside without engaging them in conversation.This time, after they finished their work, I asked one of the tree trimmers, only half-joking, if they fell off trees frequently.One of the tree trimmers said that he had been climbing trees for 27 years and reported he had fallen out of a tree once and hurt his knee.I loved that conversation.I didn’t always talk to someone whose job was to climb up trees, but it was interesting for learning about how they did it.I also realized I learned something new.
On May 30th, I went to an outdoor block party on Friday night, along with my wife and our 3-month-old baby.Our baby was wearing oversized noise-cancelling headphones that truly looked pretty ridiculous on a baby.When I tried to talk with others, they immediately started talking with me after seeing the baby.I found it was almost very easy to start talking with people when you had a baby with you.
All in all, I felt great about most of my interactions with strangers.Almost every interaction left me feeling a little happier.I also felt I learned new things by talking to people from different walks of life who I wouldn’t normally meet.
语篇解读：作者做了一个为期21天的与闲聊有关的试验，试验结束后发现自己颇有收获。
1．The man was grateful to the author because ________. A．he made his first friend there B．he gained some useful information C．the author helped him kill the time D．the author helped him make a decision
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段的“I told him what I knew ... grateful to me for my
information.”可知，那人感激作者是因为得到了一些有用的信息。
2．The tree trimmer who talked with the author ________. A．didn’t like talking to strangers B．was a respectable worker C．wasn’t a very careful man D．got injured once at work
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“One of the tree trimmers said that he had been climbing trees for 27 years and reported he had fallen out of a tree once and hurt his knee.”可知那人曾经在工作的时候受过伤。
3．What did the author probably learn from the experience on May 30th? A．Babies are great conversation starters. B．It’s inconvenient to go out with a baby. C．People love looking at ridiculous babies. D．It’s not challenging to talk with strangers.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句可知，这次经历让作者意识到小孩是开展闲聊的利器。
4．At this experiment, the author most probably found it ________. A．useless C．rewarding
B．exciting D．embarrassing
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据末段的叙述可推断，作者觉得这次经历很值得。
B
Every year, my son and I visit the Art Institute in Chicago for a day. This past spring, as we were walking in the halls, we came across an exhibit of furniture from the past 50 years. I watched my son’s eyes grow wide as we walked through. Afterwards, he looked at me and said, “Mom, I get it now. A couch can be a work of art! A chair can be a work of art！” It was a really neat moment because he came to that realization completely on his own. And my son is a good example of why kids should be exposed to art.
Many parents think exposing their children to art is a waste of time. But I think this is a wrong idea. Children can learn a lot of things through studying art.
Even at a very young age, children can appreciate works of art. They enjoy looking at pictures of fruit, flowers, animals, and other popular artistic subjects. Bright colors and sharp
contrasts (对照) are inspiring obviously and aid in brain development.
Older kids begin to notice that art has the meaning beyond the images themselves. As they observe the feelings and emotions that works of art cause, they will see how art can be a way of expression for themselves, too. Studies show that exposure to great art increases a child’s verbal ability, expressiveness, reasoning and logical thinking as a child seeks understanding.
Besides strengthening their verbal and analytical (分析的) skills, studying art can teach children about design, color, shading, shadows, lighting, composition, and various artistic skills. Also, I find that children begin to view the world around them from an artist’s perspective (角度)．
Luckily, art is all around us. Parents can encourage their kids to appreciate a book of a lovely building, an artfully composed photograph, a hand-painted vase, or even a beautifully designed website. Once they start looking, they will find art everywhere and learn many things from it.
语篇解读：作者认为小孩子学习艺术对他们有很多好处。 5．The author introduces the topic of the text through telling ________. A．a story of her son B．what she realized one day C．her son’s attitude toward art D．about the Art Institute in Chicago
解析：选A 篇章结构题。本文主要是关于小孩子学习艺术有很多好处的，作者提到她儿子的那次经历是为了引出下文，故选A项。
6．Which of the following benefits of looking at art works is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．Leading to a better oral ability. B．Leading to a better reasoning ability. C．Helping them get along well with others. D．Helping them gain better logical thinking.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Studies show that exposure to great art increases a child’s verbal ability, expressiveness, reasoning and logical thinking as a child seeks understanding.”可知A、B、D三项的内容都有提到，但并没有提到可以更好地跟别人相处，故选C项。
7．According to Paragraph 5, what benefit can children get from studying art? A．Allowing them to look at things from various perspectives. B．Benefiting their study at school later in life. C．Encouraging them to seek understanding.
D．Enabling them to look at things like artists.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句可知，艺术学习可以让孩子从艺术家的角度看东西，故选D项。
8．What is the text mainly about? A．Why kids love art works. B．Why kids should study art. C．Why art is useful in our life. D．Why art can teach kids things.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了学习艺术对孩子有哪些好处，即孩子为什么需要学习艺术，故选B项。
C
Informal conversation is an important part of any business relationship. Before you start a discussion, however, make sure you understand which topics are suitable and which are considered taboos in a particular culture. Latin Americans enjoy sharing information about their local history, art, and customs. They expect questions about your family and be sure to show pictures of your children. You may feel free to ask similar questions of your Latin American friends. The French think of conversation as an art form, and they enjoy the value of lively discussions as well as disagreements. For them, arguments can be interesting — and they can cover pretty much or any topic — as long as they occur in a respectful and intelligent manner.
In the United States, business people like to discuss a wide range of topics, including opinions about work, family, hobbies, and politics. In Japan, China, and Korea, however, people are much more private. They do not share much about their thoughts, feelings, or emotions because they feel that doing so might take away from the harmonious business relationship they’re trying to build. Middle Easterners are also private about their personal lives and
family matters. It is considered rude, for example, to ask a businessman from Saudi Arabia about his wife or children.
As a general rule, it’s best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends. This can get you into trouble, even in the United States, where people hold different views. In addition, discussing one’s salary is ususlly considered unsuitable. Sports is typically a friendly subject in most parts of the world, although be careful not to criticise a national sport. Instead, be friendly and praise your host’s team.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了在商业交往中一些国家和地区倾向的闲聊话题。 9．The underlined word “harmonious” most probably means “________”．
A．competitive C．original
B．friendly and peaceful D．sensitive
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据该词前后的语境可知，在中国、日本、韩国，人们更注重隐私，他们不会谈论过于私人的话题，认为这会破坏他们正尝试建立的“和谐的”人际关系。harmonious意为“和谐的，协调的”，B项最符合文意。
10．The writer thinks politics and religion are ________ for business. A．cheerful topics C．rude topics
B．taboos D．wise topics
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“As a general rule, it’s best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends.”可得知。
11．Which is typically a friendly topic in most places according to the author? A．Sports.
C．Personal feelings.
B．Children. D．Families.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句得知在大部分地方“体育”是一个典型的友好的话题。
D
I believe that, as a doctor, I should always get a blanket for my patients who need one. Why do I believe I should offer to bring my patients a blanket? To me it is the first step in communicating to the patient. My priority is his or her comfort, both physical and emotional. It is a simple act that acknowledges my desire to meet their basic needs as a patient. It may be an overused expression but I want to treat my patients the way I would want my family members to be taken care of. This_behavior_was_also_modeled_for_me_when_I_was_a_patient. Shortly after college I was involved in a serious accident while working in an ambulance as a volunteer. The short story is that I broke my femur, the large bone in my thigh, and my recovery required a total of four surgeries over a year or so. The surgeon (外科医生), Dr. David, who performed the last three operations (and to whom I credit my ability to now walk unaided), usually did his rounds late at night.
He was a brilliant and talented surgeon who reminded me in appearance of a chain-smoking Einstein. He would ask about my pain and my mental state, but what I remember most was his offering to bring me French fries the next time he visited me. What moved me, was that I felt he cared about me. More importantly, he understood what I wanted. He connected with me, and I trusted and obeyed everything he told me to do. He set a good example for me.
Getting a blanket and placing it on my patient is, in the end, a check and balance for me. I have the power to order hundreds of tests and treatments. I try to always be right (or at least never be wrong). And on some occasions, I help save a life. However, in the end, if I have not made that connection with my patients, or if I have not shown them I understand their needs, then I have failed them as a physician and as a person.
语篇解读：本文作者以第一人称介绍了“我”作为一名医生的一些感悟。“我”经常会给有需要的病人送去一条毯子，“我”认为这样的小小举动拉近了医生与病人的距离，对病人来说无论是在身体上还是精神上都是一种安慰。
12．What is the underlined sentence meant to tell us? A．The author was once treated by a caring doctor. B．Kind behaviors should be learned from. C．A doctor’s behavior has an effect on patients. D．Patients usually treat doctors as role models.
解析：选A 句意理解题。“be modeled for”意为“被复制给……”，另外结合下文的内容，可以判断此句指的是作者生病时也受到一位医生的关心和照顾。
13．What touched the author most based on Paragraph 3? A．Dr. David gave the author something to drink. B．Dr. David was aware of the author’s needs. C．Dr. David gave the author a blanket in the night. D．Dr. David performed four operations on the author.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据文章“What moved me, was that I felt he cared about me. More importantly, he understood what I wanted.”可知Dr. David能体会“我”所经历的痛苦最让我感动。
14．What does the author think of Dr. David? A．Caring and ambitious. B．Brilliant and energetic. C．Responsible and honest. D．Reliable and considerate.
解析：选D 推理判断题。综合全文特别是第三段可知，作者认为Dr. David是一个值得信赖、善解人意的医生。
15．What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A．Patients always need a blanket. B．Doctors’ skills are the most important. C．Doctors should balance work with life. D．Meeting patients’ needs makes a good doctor.
解析：选D 推理判断题。文章从一开始就提到作为医生，“我”总是为需要的病人提供毯子，最后一段又提到“我”不可以忽略病人的需求，所以我们可以得出结论：满足病人的需求对做一名好医生是很重要的。
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