Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.
In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.来源：考试大
When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.
The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人). The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”
Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems. 1. According to the report,______.来源：考试大 A) many short sleepers need less sleep by nature
B) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their work
C) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day
D) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood
2. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that _____. A) sleep is a withdrawal from the reality
B) sleep interferes with their sound judgement
C) sleep is the least expensive item on their routine program D) sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles
3. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _____. A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life B) often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep C) do not know how to relax properly
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D) are more unlikely to run into mental problems 4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ____. A) appear disturbed B) become energetic C) feel dissatisfied
D) be extremely depressed
5. Which of the following is Not included in the passage? A) If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakened B) The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by many mental patients
C) Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep D) Short sleepers would be better off with more rest 答案：DCBAB
贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了15岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它活动的地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。
总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。
当让他们回忆梦境时，“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式：不承认问题的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。
“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不过没有那么严重而已。
“睡眠多的人”情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没有所需的9个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容。许多“睡眠多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。
二
Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest” and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses (配偶) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.来源：www.examda.com
In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession
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but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father’s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father’s workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self – reliance and independence.
1. The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of the following?
A) They enjoy the freedom of choosing their spouses. B) They want to win the permission of their parents. C) They have a strong desire to become independent.
D) They want to challenge the authority of their parents.
2. Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of ____. A) love
B) financial concern C) their parents D) family background
3. Based on the passage, it can be assumed that ______.
A) American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parents B) most American people never make major decisions for their children C) American young adults possess cultural values of independence D) once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanently 4. A son is unwilling to work in his father’s business mainly because _____. A) he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in school B) he wants to prove his independence
C) he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve of D) he wants to show his love for his parents
5. The subject matter of this selection is _____. A) family values
B) marriage arrangements C) the pursuit of a career D) decision making 答案：
CACBA来源：考试大
子女一旦到适当年龄（通常是18至21岁），要鼓励而不是强迫他们“离开窝的，财政的巢”，开始独立生活。小孩离开家后，往往在外能够与人交往，并自谋出路。父母不为子女安排婚姻，子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。在美国，浪漫的爱情往往是婚姻的基础，青年人通过朋友在学校、单位、组织以及宗教团体认识自己的，爱情的未来的伴侣。尽管子女自己择偶，他们仍然希望父母能认同他们的选择。 许多家庭的父母认为，应由子女自己来做他们生活中的重大决定。家长可能会设法影响子女去从事某一职业，但子女也有选择其它职业的自由。有时为了证实自己的独立性，子女从事的工作正好与父母希望的相反。儿子可能执意不去父亲的企业工作，因为担心在那里就
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不能独立自主。这种不依靠父母的独立性并不意味着父母与子女之间缺乏爱心。父母和子女之间普遍都有挚爱，美国家庭也毫不例外。只不过在美国家庭之中，还融合了自主、独立的文化价值观念。
三
Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time ofr which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also vaies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.
Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text. Q: 1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except ________ .
A. one’s familiarity with the text B. one’s purpose in reading
C. the length of a group of words D. lighting and tiredness
2. The author may believe that reading ______.
A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation B. requires a reader to see words more quickly C. demands an deeply-participating mind D. demands more mind than eyes 3 What does the author mean by saying “but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.” in the second parapraph?
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A. The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted. B. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve both the ability to see and to comprehend words.
C. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve an efficient reading. D. The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve one’s ability to see words.
4. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time. B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training. C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.
D.The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text. 5. The tune of the author in writing this article is ________ A critical B neutral C prssimistic D optimistic 答案：CCCDA
解题思路考试大－全国最大教育类网站(www．Examda。com)
1 C。事实细节题。第一段提到了影响视幅的因素：不同的人，不同的阅读目的，对材料的熟悉程度，光线，疲劳。C“一组词的长度”不是能影响视幅的因素，是本题的答案。 2 C。观点态度题。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛训练课程只注重了阅读的视觉因素。倒数第二句书哦，阅读要求具备理解单词间关系的能力。因此选项C“阅读需要大脑的深度参与”正确。作者没有否定阅读的视觉因素的必要性，但是也没有说读者应该练习拓宽视幅，加快阅读速度。所以AB两项都不正确。作者没有对大脑和眼睛在阅读过程中的重要性进行对比，所以不选D 3 C。 作者在这句话中先是肯定了那些阅读练习提高看单词的能力，然后提出了有效阅读概念。后面句中还指出，有效阅读需要的是理解单词间的联系的能力。所以作者的意思应该是那些（训练眼睛的）阅读练习对与有效的阅读无益。B与文章相反。D句是蕴涵其中一个意思，却不是作者想表达的方向。
4 D。 第二段最后一句说，眼睛训练对于帮助读者阅读连贯文章无益，所以D是错的，是本题答案。 5 A。 参考前面的结构剖析，作者写本文的主要目的是对那些只关注阅读的视觉因素的阅读能力课程进行批判，所以答案应该是A。
四
Our quarrel with efficiency is not that it gets things done, but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves, and that it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly. In building bridges, American engineers calculate so finely and exactly as to make the two ends come together within one-tenth of an inch. But when two Chinese begin to dig a tunnel from both sides of a mountain both come out on the other side. --The Chinese’s firm belief is that it doesn’t matter so long as a tunnel is dug through, and if we have two instead of one, why, we have a double track to boot.
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The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. But, worse than that, it imposes upon us a different conception of time as measured by the clock and eventually turns the human being into a clock himself. (This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is, of course, somewhat terrifying.)Nevertheless, such efficiency is what makes life so hard and full of excitement. A man who has to be punctually at a certain place at five o’clock has the whole afternoon from one to five ruined for him already. Every American adult is arranging his time on the pattern of the schoolboy - three o’clock for this, five o’clock for that, six-thirty for change of dress, six-fifty for entering the taxi, and seven o’clock for arriving at the destination. It just makes life not worth living.
1. The writer objects to efficiency mainly on the grounds that it ____. A) entitles us to too much leisure time
B) urges us to get things done punctually考试大论坛 C) deprives us of leisure time
D) imposes on us a perfect concept of time
2. In the eyes of the author, the introduction of industrial life gives rise to ____.
A) the excitement of life B) magnificent idling of time C) more emphasis on efficiency D) terrifying schoolboy
3. The passage tells us ____.
A) Chinese workers come to work when it is convenient
B) all Americans are forced to be efficient against their will C) Chinese engineers are on better terms with the management D) Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency
4. The author believes that relaxing the rule of punctuality in factories would lead to ____.
A) great confusion
B) increased production C) a hard and exciting life
D) successful completion of a tunnel
5. What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that ____.
A) every American is arranging his time in the pattern of a schoolboy B) every American is reluctant to be efficient
C) every one should have some time to spend as he pleases
D) being punctual is an undesirable habit which should not be formed 答案：
1.C)deprives us of leisure time对应原文第一句but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves. 选项A是与作者想法完全相反的; 选项B虽有章可循, 但要注意原文是it strains our nerves when we try to get things done
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perfectly, 而非it直接urges us to get things done punctually; 选项D要看清, 原文是a different conception of time而非a perfect concept of time.
2.C)more emphasis on efficiency对应原文第二段第一句The pace of modern
industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. 通过第一段可以看出, 与efficiency对立的是this kind of glorious and magnificent idling, 而industrial life又forbids, 自然说明industrial life gives rise to more emphasis on efficiency.
3.D)Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency. 排除法: A)Chinese workers come to work when it is convenient不符合原文()中的内容; B)all Americans are forced to be efficient against their will语气太重, 不是被强迫讲求效率, 也不是违背自己意愿, 只是为了适应工业社会; C)Chinese engineers are on better terms with the management不属于本文讨论范畴。。。
4.A)great confusion对应原文(This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is, of course, somewhat terrifying.)
5.C)every on should have some time to spend as he pleases, 这是4个选项中唯一一个符合is implied but NOT stated两个条件的. A选项有被直接提及, B选项reluctant是不愿的意思, 而本文并非讨论愿不愿的问题, D选项being punctual is an undesirable habit which should not be formed, 黑体部分分别为守时和不良习惯的意思, 显然不是作者本意.
总结一下, 今天这期比昨天讲小猫小狗的阅读要难一些- -, 是一篇既要求词汇量, 同时又要求答题技巧的典型的阅读理解. 所谓答题技巧, 就是首先要读懂文章的大概意思, 然后注意一些关键句子.
关键句子很有可能出现在段落的连接部分, 比如开头和结尾. 一般情况下, 阅读理解的前面几道题是可以从原文的关键句子中直接找出答案的, 而后面几道题, 往往要求综合全文来分析. 最近几天的阅读, 大体分为两种: 一种是偏向主观论述的阅读, 比如倒数55天的癌症、倒数53天的空调和今天的效率; 另一种是偏向客观叙述的阅读, 比如倒数52天的家养宠物和倒数54天的无家可归的儿童. 前者往往要着重考虑作者的中心思想, 后者往往要着重考虑作者的整体内容.
五
Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.来源：考试大
Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming(到处走动) in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to
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provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require.
All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless(倦怠的) and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.
Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health.
1. What main idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph? A) There exists thousands of species of animals in the world.
B) Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals. C) In some regions a donkey seems to be a very useful beast. D) An animal will be useless unless domesticated. 2. When an animal is underfed, it will probably ____. A) refuse to obey its master B) immediately fall ill
C) require its master to offer some food D) seek for food on its own
3. Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage? A) They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man. B) They have great adaptation for the environment.
C) There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.
D) The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world. 4. To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised ____. A) not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on it B) to pay attention to its proper feeding来源：www.examda.com C) not to allow it to take excessive amounts of exercise D) to join some sort of pet-keeping organizations
5. Which of the following would be best TITLE for this passage? A) Domesticated Animals - Man’s Best Friend B) Proper Diet - the Road to Health
C) The Advantages of Raising Domestic Animals D) Some Tips on Pet-keeping 答案：
1.B)Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals. 黑体部分为第一段两个要点，A只包含了一个要点，C只提到了一头驴。。。D则完全与第一段无关。这道选错了要面壁哦。
2.A)refuse to obey its master对应原文Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps(即题干中的When an animal is underfed, 所以要在这句话中
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找答案～), and then wonder why the animal seems listless(倦怠的) and dull. 由于答案比较隐晦, 先保留A, B(直接得病)、C(要求食物)和D(自己觅食)均未从此句中得到丝毫体现, 所以A为最接近答案. 因为我家养过狗, 所以比较清楚, refuse to obey its master的一个表现就是listless and dull, 简单的说, 就是你逗它它没反应。。。
3.D)The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world完全无法对应原文。。。A)They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man对应原文Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities; B)They have great adaptation for the environment对应原文Husky存在于两极和Saluki存在于非洲的叙述, 两极和非洲都能适应, 说明它们有很强的适应环境的能力; C)There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe对应原文的are found in various breeds in all countries of the world.
4.B)to pay attention to its proper feeding对应原文All domestic animals need proper food. 整个第3段都是围绕着how to keep a domestic animal physically fit展开的.
5.A)Domesticated Animals - Man’s Best Friend为最合适答案, 本文正是充满感情地围绕着这个话题展开. 虽然文章对驯养家养动物提出了很多宝贵建议, 但B选项没说是给人Proper Diet还是给狗Proper Diet; C选项是饲养家养动物的好处, 也不对; D选项是喂养宠物的建议, 但只有第三、四段包含了建议的内容, 不全面. 关于这一点, 如果不能理解, 请参考上一期关于空调(air conditioning)的阅读的最后一题的答案详解, 这种类型的阅读理解的最后一道题往往要综合全文篇幅来看, 看作者总体说了什么, 而非作者着重说了什么. 呵呵, 大概是这样吧.
六
The greatest contribution to civilization in the century may well be the air-conditioning- and American leads just as amazing is the speed with which this situation came to be. Air-conditioning began to spread in industries as a production aid during World War Ⅱ. Today most Americans need to take air-conditioning for granted to homes, offices, factories, theatres, shops, studios, schools, hotels, and restaurants.
But not everybody is aware that high cost and easy comfort are merely two of the effects of the vast cooling of American. In fact, air conditioning has substantially altered the country’s character and customs.本文来源:考试大网 Many of the byproducts are so conspicuous that they are scarcely noticed. To begin with, air-conditioning transformed the face of America by making possible those glassy, boxy, sealed-in skyscrapers. It has been indispensable, no less, to the functioning of sensitive advanced computers, whose high operating temperatures require that they be constantly cooled. . . It has, at will, forced families into retreating into families with closed doors and shut windows, reducing the interactions of neighborhood life. It is really surprising that the public’s often noted withdrawal into self-pursuit and privacy has coincided with the historic spread of air-conditioning. Though science has little studied how habitual air-conditioning affects mind and body, some medical experts suggest that, like other technical avoidance of natural variations in
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climate, air-conditioning may damage the human capacity to adapt to stress. If so, air-conditioning is only like many other greatly useful technical developments that liberate man from nature by increasing his productivity and power in some way - while indirectly weakening him in others.
1. According to this selection, which of the following constitutes the unique character of U.S.?
A)Its excessive use of air-conditioning. B)Its advanced computerized civilization. C)Its public’s retreating into self-pursuit.
D)Its greatest contribution to human civilization.
2. According to the author, the chief consequence brought about by the wide application of air-conditioning is ____.
A)the loss of human capacity to adapt to changes in climate B)the reduction of social communications of neighborhood life C)the active life style of all its users D)the decreased human production and power
3. The tone of this selection reveals that air-conditioning ____. A)has little effect on its users
B)has more effect on body than on mind
C)brings more benefits than damage to its users D)does harm as well as good to its users
4. Who benefits the least from air-conditioning according to the author? A)Medical experts. B)Manufacturers. C)Factory laborers. D)Consumers.
5. What is the author’s overall attitude towards air-conditioning? A)Neutral B)Objective C)Critical D)Compromising 答案：
1.A)Its excessive use of air-conditiong对应原文Today most Americans need to take air-conditioning for granted to homes, offices, factories, theatres, shops, studios, schools, hotels, and restaurants. take sth for granted认为某事理所当然 2.B)the reduction of social communications of neighborhood life对应原文forced families into retreating into families with closed doors and shut windows, reducing the interactions of neighborhood life neighborhood life社区生活
选项A并未对应题干中的According to the author 而是对应原文中的some medical experts suggest that
3.标准答案是C)brings more benefits than damage to its users，但我认为应该选D)does harm as well as good to its users，对应原文最后一句If so, air-conditioning
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is only like many other greatly useful technical developments(positive words)that liberate man from nature by increasing his productivity and power in some way - while indirectly weakening him in others(negative words)，于是does harm as well as good to its users.
4.D)Consumers是最精确的。原文直接批判空调的一句话是forced families into retreating into families with closed doors and shut windows, reducing the
interactions of neighborhood life，显然according to the author，consumers为从空调中受益最少的。而ABC三个选项，BC可以作为by increasing his productivity的受益者，A的工作性质则完全与空调无关，ABC甚至也都可以成为D的一种。 5.C)Critical对应原文It has, at will, forced，听起来很像批判。 at will随意 任意
七
Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient(变化无常的) and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems — both legal and educational — for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers. Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly. One part of the homeless population that is
particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets. Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.
1. It is implied in the first paragraph that ____.来源：www.examda.com A) the writer himself is homeless, even in his eighties
B) many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 cities C) there is a serious shortage of academic facilities
D) homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education 2. The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _____. A) 350,000 B) 1,500,000
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C) 440,000 D) 110,000 3. One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be ____.
A) the homeless children are too young to be counted as children B) the homeless population is growing rapidly
C) the homeless children usually stay outside school D) some homeless children are deserted by their families
4. The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that ___. A) the educational problems of homeless children are being recognized B) the estimates on homeless children are hard to determine C) the address of grade-school children should be located D) all homeless people are entitled to free education 5. The passage mainly deals with ____.
A) the legal problems of the homeless children B) the educational problems of homeless children C) the social status of older males D) estimates on the homeless population 答案：C C D A B 考试大论坛
直到20世纪80年代，美国无家可归的人口主要包括的还是年龄较大的男性。现在，社会上年龄较小的一些人也面临无家可归的威胁。的确，美国市长会议在1987年对25个城市进行了一项调查，结果表明，在无家可归的人口中，儿童的增长比例是最快的。许多无家可归的儿童都聚集在城市的中心地带。其中学龄儿童四处流浪，饱受惊吓。这给已经负担考试大过重的城市教学和教学管理带来了许多额的外的麻烦，其中既涉及法律问题又涉及教育问题。 美国无家可归的人口数量估计在35万到300万人之间。同样，无家可归的学龄儿童人数也无法做出准确的估计。一份根据各州估计数字而得出的美国教法的育部的报告指出，有22万无家可归的学龄儿童，其中约有三分之一没有按规定上学。然而国家关于无家可归人员的联盟会却估计，这样的儿童人数至少还应该多一倍，其中半数以上没有正常入学。考试大 有一部分无家可归的人口尤其难以统计，就是那些遭家庭遗弃的“浪荡”少年。据纽约小学中心估计，这样的人口有150万左右。其中还有许多小孩没有估计进去，因为这些小孩不呆在安全的家中，却往往独自在街头流浪。
联邦法律（1987年斯图尔德•B•麦肯尼无家可归人员救助法案）有一部分专门指出了无家可归儿童的教育需要。法案中有关于教育的条款所依据的观点是所有无家可归的儿童都有权接受正规的义务教育
八
Cancer is feared by everyone. And this fear is reaching epidemic(流行性) proportions. Not the disease itself — there is no such thing as a cancer epidemic. Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking ,the incidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety, The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物). The ordinary, more or less scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are
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dun to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is “cleaned up.” This is not at all the meaning.www.Ｅxamda.CoM考试就到考试大
The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societies around the world — for example, the high proportion of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These data indicate there may be special and specific environmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, that determine the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities — but that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere. 1．Which of the following is closest to meaning to the phrase “leveling off”? A)Became very popular
B)Reached its lowest level in popularity C)Stopped being popular
D)Stopped increasing its popularity 2．According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believed _____. A)to be based on inactive life style B)to be due to anxiety
C)to result from environmental influences D)to be caused by heavy smoking
3．It can be inferred from the passage that the writer’s opinion about the relationship between cancer and environment is_____. A)positive B)negative C)neutral D)approving
4．According to the passage, the writer seems to feel that_____. A)cancer risk is on the rise
B)the whole earth resembles a huge carcinogen
C)the risk of catching cancer is not so great as most people conceive D)cancer can be cured sooner or later
5．Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage? A)Cancer and Environment B)The Fear Caused by Cancers C)Data on Cancer Incidence D)Cancer and its Investigation
D，C，B，C，A 来源：www.examda.com
大家都害怕癌症，这种恐慌正在蔓延开来。倒不是惧怕癌症本身，癌症也并非流行病。除了主要由于抽烟引起的肺癌之外，癌症的发病率不但稳定下来，而且有些还正在减少。但人们却都谈“癌”色变，陷入一种惶恐不安之中。地球本身看上去就越来越像一个巨大的致癌物。有一种多多少少带点科学性的普遍说法，认为80%到90%的癌症都是由于环境中的物质引起的。也就是说，直到把整个环境都“清洁干净”，我们才没有危险。然而，数据所说明
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的真正含义根本不是这样。
80%这个数据是基于全球不同地区癌症发病率的差异统计出来的。比如，非洲和远东地区肝癌比例高，日本胃癌比例高，西欧和北美乳腺癌比例高，但是日本和非洲部分地区乳腺癌病例较少，美洲肝癌病例也较少。这些差异使人难于置信。这些数据表明，不同地区癌症的发病率可能受到环境中某些具体和特殊的影响，其实这种影响主要是由个人的生活方式决定的。所以数据不能说明全部情况。如果把所有病例合计起来，也许各地总体发病率都大致相同。
九
Upon reaching an appropriate age （usually between 18 and 21 years）， children are encouraged， but not forced， to “leave the nest” and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children， nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married， Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses （配偶） through other friends， at jobs， and in organizations and religious institutions， Although children choose their own spouses， they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.
In many families， parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father’s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father’s workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self – reliance and independence.
1. The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of the following？
A） They enjoy the freedom of choosing their spouses. B） They want to win the permission of their parents. C） They have a strong desire to become independent. D） They want to challenge the authority of their parents. 2. Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of ____.
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A） love
B） financial concern C） their parents D） family background
3. Based on the passage， it can be assumed that ______.
A） American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parents B） most American people never make major decisions for their children C） American young adults possess cultural values of independence
D） once a young person steps into his twenties， he will leave his home permanently 4. A son is unwilling to work in his father’s business mainly because _____. A） he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in school B） he wants to prove his independence
C） he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve of D） he wants to show his love for his parents 5. The subject matter of this selection is _____. A） family values B） marriage arrangements C） the pursuit of a career D） decision making 答案： CACBA
子女一旦到适当年龄（通常是18至21岁），要鼓励而不是强迫他们“离开窝的，财政的巢”，开始独立生活。小孩离开家后，往往在外能够与人交往，并自谋出路。父母不为子女安排婚姻，子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。在美国，浪漫的爱情往往是婚姻的基础，青年人通
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过朋友在学校、单位、组织以及宗教团体认识自己的，爱情的未来的伴侣。尽管子女自己择偶，他们仍然希望父母能认同他们的选择。
许多家庭的父母认为，应由子女自己来做他们生活中的重大决定。家长可能会设法影响子女去从事某一职业，但子女也有选择其它职业的自由。有时为了证实自己的独立性，子女从事的工作正好与父母希望的相反。儿子可能执意不去父亲的企业工作，因为担心在那里就不能独立自主。这种不依靠父母的独立性并不意味着父母与子女之间缺乏爱心。父母和子女之间普遍都有挚爱，美国家庭也毫不例外。只不过在美国家庭之中，还融合了自主、独立的文化价值观念。
壹
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
What makes Americans spend nearly half their food dollars on meals away from home? The answers lie in the way Americans live today. During the first few decades of the twentieth century, canned and other convenience foods freed the family cook from full-time duty at the kitchen range.
Then, in the 1940s, work in the wartime defense plants took more women out of the home that ever before, setting the pattern of the working wife and mother. Unless family members pitch in with food preparation, women are not fully liberated from that chore. It's easier to pick up a bucket of fried chicken on the way home from work or take the family out for pizzas or burgers than to start opening cans or heating up frozen dinners after a long, hard day. Also nowadays, the rising divorce rate means that there are more single working parents with children to feed. And many young adults and elderly people, as well as unmarried and divorced mature people, live alone rather than as a part of a family unit and don't want to bother cooking for one. Fast food is appealing because it is fast, it doesn't require any dressing up, it offers a \"fun\" break in the daily routine, and the outlay of money seems small. It can be eaten in the car-sometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting out-or on the run. Even if it is brought home to eat, there will never be any dirty dishes to wash because of the handy disposable wrappings. Children, especially, love fast food because it's finger food, no struggling with knives and forks, no annoying instructions from adults about table manners.
52. Americans enjoy fast food mainly because ________. [A] it can be eaten in the car
[B] it is much more tasty than home-made food [C] one only uses his fingers while eating it
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[D] it is time-saving and convenient
53. It can be inferred that children ________. [A] want to have freedom at table [B] wash dishes after each meal
[C] are not good at using forks and knives while eating [D] take eating time as a fun break
54. Many Americans are eating out and not cooking at home nowadays because ________.
[A] they want to make a change after eating the same food for years at home [B] the food made outside home tastes better than food cooked at home [C] many of them live alone or don't like taking trouble to cook
[D] American women refuse to cook at home due to women's liberation movement 55. According to the text, a drive-in window is a ________. [A] car window from which you can see the driver
[B] window in the restaurant from which you get your meal in the car [C] place where you check the mechanic condition of your car [D] entrance where you return the used plates after eating
56. The expression \"pitch in with\" (Line 2, Para. 2) probably means________. [A] complain [B] enjoy [C] help [D] deny Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
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InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration in countering the threat of cyber crime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. By the end of September, there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states, Calloway said. With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry, the academic community and public agencies. Bands, utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share information about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system free. A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks.
A \"sanitized\" description of a hacking attempt or other incident-one that doesn't reveal the name or information about the victim-can be shared with the other members to spot trends. Then a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to interfere if there are grounds for an investigation. Cyber crime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial commerce and technology like Charlotte. \"Ten years ago, all you needed to protect yourself was a safe, a fence and security officers,\" said Chris Swecker, who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office. \"Now any business with a modem is subject to attack.\" FBI agents investigate computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including Amazon. com, CNN and Yahoo!
several North Carolina victims have been identified this year. The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks. Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of companies to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile, too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility. Jack Wiles, who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board, said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cyber crime goes undetected. Wiles, a computer security expert, has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files. \"I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer,\" he said, \"the Net is a wonderful place, but it's also a dangerous one.\" 57. From the first paragraph, we know ________. [A] InfraGard is a protective measure against cyber crime [B] InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration [C] there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states
[D] private business and the government are now committing cyber crime
58. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT ________. [A] academic communities
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[B] public agencies [C] FBI
[D] private industry
59. By saying \"too many corporations...speed and accessibility\" (Lines 3～4, Para. 3), the author means ________.
[A] too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers [B] criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility [C] it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility
[D] many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and accessibility more than security
60. All the following are reasons for the rise in cyber crime EXCEPT ________. [A] victims won't report intrusions by hackers [B] victims have no firewalls [C] the use of modem is increasing
[D] companies don't pay enough attention to security 61. It can be concluded from the passage that ________. [A] not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation [B] information of the victims is inaccessible
[C] InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September [D] Amazon.com was often disrupted by hacking Section B Passage One
52. D 细节题。由文章第三段第四句提到的fast food is appealing because it is fast, it doesn't require any dressing up...可知，D正确。
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53.C 推断题。文章第三段最后一句提到no struggling with knives and forks，由struggling一词可推断，孩子们不擅长使用刀叉吃饭，所以C正确。
54. C 推断题。文章第三段提到，现在很多人都独自居住，他们不愿意为自己一个人烹制食物，所以C正确。由于题目问的是nowadays的情况，所以可排除强干扰项D。 55. B 推断题。文章第三段倒数第三句提到sometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting out, 由句中的without even getting out 可以推断，drive-in window 是免下窗口，即司机可以不用下车就能拿到食物，所以B正确。
56. 语义题。文章第二段第二句意为“只要家庭成员不 准备食物，妇女们就无法完全从家务杂事中解放出来。”由此推断，pitch in with应意为“帮助”，故选C。 Passage Two
58. C 细节题。由文章第一段第三句With advice from the FBI可知，FBI只是充当顾问，并无经营权，故选C。
59. D 语义题。被考查句原意为“很多公司为了保证网强的速度和可接入性而不顾及网络安全，这让网络犯罪变得非常容易。”言外之意是很多公司更重视网络速度和可接入性，从而遭到了电脑黑客的攻击，所以D正确。
60. B 推断题。虽然文章提到了firewall(防火墙)，但并没有说公司不使用防火墙是网络犯罪率升高的原因，故选B。而文章第三段第三句(A项)，第二段倒数第二句(C项)和第三段第四句(D项)则分别说明了网络犯罪率上升的原因。
61. A 推断题。文章第二段第二句指出，黑客攻击的详情会被送到FBI的电脑犯罪科，以确
定是否需要对其深究，由此推断，并不是所有的黑客攻击都值得调查，所以A正确
贰
No one knows when the first calendar was developed. But it seems possible that it was based on lunar months. When people started farming, the sages of the tribes became very important, they studied the sky and gathered enough
information to be able to predict when the seasons would change, and were able to announce when it was time to plant crops.
The divisions of time we use today were developed in ancient Babylonia 4,000 years ago.Babylonian astronomers believed the sun moved around the Earth every 365 days.They divided the trip into 12 equal parts, each with 30 days. Then they divided each day into 24 equal parts, or hours, and divided each hour into 60 minutes, each minute into 60 seconds.
Humans have used many devices to measure time; the sundial (日晷) was one of the earliest and simplest. However, the sundial worked well only when
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the weather was fine, so other ways of measuring the passing of time were invented. One device was the hourglass(沙漏). By the eighteenth century, people had developed mechanical clocks and watches. So we have devices to mark the passing of time, but what time is it now? Clocks in different parts of the world do not show the same time at the same time, because time on Earth is set by the sun’s positions in the sky above us. As international communications and travel grew, it became clear that a way to establish a common time for all parts of the world was needed. In 1884, an international conference divided the world into 24 time zones, each zone represents one hour. The astronomical
observatory in Greenwich, England, was chosen as the starting point for the time zones. Twelve zones are west of Greenwich. Twelve are east. The time at Greenwich measured by the sun is considered by astronomers to be Universal Time, also known as Greenwich Mean Time.
57. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A) The Development of Universal Time. B) Different Ways to Measure Time. C) Why We Measure Time the Way We do. D) How the Calendar Came into being.
58. What does the example of Babylonia astronomers reveal? A) It reveals Babylonians’wisdom that was absent elsewhere. B) It reveals the origin of our time measurements. C) It reveals the limits of sometime measurements. D) It reveals the stability of time measurements.
59. The author mentions all of the following ways to measure time EXCEPT . A) sundial B) hourglass C) electric clock D) mechanical clock 60. According to the passage, Greenwich Mean Time . A) provides a common time for all parts of the world B) is calculated from the sun C) is the 12th of the 24 time zones
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D) was named after an international conference
61. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?
A) Time measurements have changed in response to need and technological development.
B) In ancient Babylonia, 12 was the basic division of time.
C) The first calendar was developed because the sages of tribes were intelligent.
D) Universal Time is so named because it is applicable throughout the universe. Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
For many years, scientists couldn’t figure out how atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living things. Plants, fish, dinosaurs, and people are made of atoms and molecules, but they are put together in a more
complicated way than the molecules in the primitive ocean. What’s more, living things have energy and can reproduce, while the chemicals on the Earth 4 billion years ago were lifeless.
After years of study, scientists figured out that living things, including
human bodies, are basically made of amino acids and nucleotide bases. These are molecules with millions of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. How could such complicated molecules have been formed in the primitive soup? Scientists were stumped.
Then, in 1953, two scientists named Harold Urey and Stanley L. Miller did a very simple experiment to find out what had happened on the Primitive Earth. They set up some tubes and bottles in a closed loop, and put in some of the same gases that were present in the atmosphere 4 billion years ago: water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen.
Then they shot an electric spark through the gases to simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth, circulated the gases through some water, sent them back for more sparks, and so on. After seven days, the water that the gases had been bubbling through had turned brown. Some new chemicals were dissolved in it. When Miller and Urey analyzed the liquid, they found that it contained amino acids—the very kind of molecules found in all living things.
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62. When did scientists come to realize how the atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living thing? A) 4 billion years ago. B) In 1953. C) After seven days. D) Many years later.
63. Scientists figured out that human bodies are basically made of . A) amino acids B) molecules
C) hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms
D) water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen 64. Harold Urey and Stanley L.Miller did their experiment in order to . A) find out what had happened on the Earth 4 billion years ago B) simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth C) dissolve some new chemicals D) analyze a liquid
65. At the end of the last paragraph, the word “it” refers to . A) a closed loop B) an electric spark C) water D) the liquid Passage One
57. C 主旨题本文共三段。第一段讲日历起源之因;第二段讲作为现代时间概念的基础，古巴比伦如何划分年月日时分秒;第三段提及先后出现的测量时间的各种工具，并讲述“世界时”如何顺应时代发展而产生。A)，B)和D)项都只概括了本文的部分内容，只有C)项是对全文的总结。
58. B 综合判断题C)项在文章中没有提及,D)项不正确。本文的主题是计时方式的发展，并未强调某个民族智慧过人，A)项也不正确。
59. C 细节题根据题干可定位于第三段前半部分，答案是C。
60. B 细节题解题依据是“The time at Greenwich measured by the sun is…”。不过考生不一定留意了这个后置定语。相反，受“Twelve zones are west of Greenwich.
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Twelve are east.”的影响，可能会误选C)项。其实，这里是24个时区的“the starting point”,也就是第一个时区。
61. A 综合判断题C)项提到的日历出现就是其中一个例证，第三段还提到sundial, hourglass, mechanical clocks and watches和Greenwich Mean Time的出现，这都是随着人类社会发展的需要出现的。C)项错在将日历出现归因于一小部分人的高智商，真正的原因其实是“When people started farming…”。此外，Universal Time并非全宇宙通用，它只适用于全球24个时区，故D)项也不正确。 Passage Two
62. B 细节题从文中第三段可知：“Then, in 1953, two scientists…did a very simple experiment to find out what had happened on the Primitive Earth.”这说明从1953年起，人类才开始弄明白地球上的生物是怎样由原子和分子结合而产生的。因此B)是正确选项。
63. A 细节题答案从第二段开头可直接找到：“…， scientists figured out that living things, including human bodies, are basically made of amino acids and nucleotide bases.”
64. A 细节题答案第三段中直接给出：“…， Harold. Urey and Stanley L. Miller did a very simple experiment to find out what had happened on the Primitive Earth.” 紧接着作者又指出是在“…4 billion years ago…”。
65. D 语义辨析题见原文最后一句话：“When Miller and Urey analyzed the liquid, they found that it contained…”。“当米勒和尤里对液体进行分析时，他们发现它包含有……”。很明显it指的就是从句里的liquid。
叁
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn cultureone has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ
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transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer. 57. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
［A］All international managers can learn culture. ［B］Business diversity is not necessary.
［C］Views differ on how to treat culture in business world. ［D］Most people do not know foreign culture well. 58. According to the author, the model of Pepsi.
［A］is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around.
［B］is different from the model of McDonald’s ［C］shows the reverse of globalization ［D］has converged cultural differences 59. The two schools of thought.
［A］both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures ［B］both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries ［C］admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world ［D］Both A and B
60. This article is supposed to be most useful for those.
［A］who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity ［B］who have connections to more than one type of culture ［C］who want to travel abroad
［D］who want to run business on International Scale 61. According to Fortune, successful international companies.
［A］earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas ［B］all have the quality of patience
［C］will follow the overseas local cultures ［D］adopt the policy of internationalization Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.
By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.
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On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, closeups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.
Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”
The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses. 62.The passage is mainly concerned with . ［A］the different tastes of people for sports ［B］the different characteristics of sports ［C］the attraction of football ［D］the attraction of baseball 63.Those who don’t like baseball may complain that. ［A］it is only to the taste of the old ［B］it involves fewer players than football ［C］it is not exciting enough ［D］it is pretentious and looks funny 64.The author admits that. ［A］baseball is too peaceful for the young ［B］baseball may seem boring when watched on TV ［C］football is more attracting than baseball ［D］baseball is more interesting than football 65.By stating “I could have had my eyes closed.” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence). ［A］The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game
［B］Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result
［C］The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well
［D］The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it 66.We can safely conclude that the author. ［A］likes football ［B］hates football ［C］hates baseball ［D］likes baseball 57.【解析】［C］推断题。意为“对在商业中怎样对待文化有着不同意见”。 文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。 58.【解析】［Ａ］细节题。意为“……与同意世界商业一体化的派别的主张是一致的”。 Pepsi采纳的是国际化的商业风格，这与那些主张国际化的派别的意见是相一致的。 59.【解析】［C］推断题。意为“承认商业世界中文化的多元性”。两个派别都承认商业世界中文化的多元性。他们的不同在于，应该对待不同的文化，应该搞国际化还是对不同的文化采取不同的策略。 60.【解析】［D］主旨题。由文中的例子可以知道，作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形
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态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。所以D是正确答案。 61.【解析】［Ｂ］细节题。意为“都具有耐心这一素质”。并非所有成功的国际公司的海外收入都占总收入的20%或以上。它们也不一定全都接纳海外的当地文化，或是采纳国际化策略。
Passage Two
【短文大意】本文主要讲述垒球的特征及欣赏。 62.【解析】［D］主旨题。文章第一段简述了人们对垒球所持的偏见——认为它毫无活力、从容和缓，不像橄榄球那样高潮迭起、令人激动。文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了垒球的根本特征及欣赏角度，文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了垒球的魅力：“如果橄榄球是一曲交响乐的话，那么，垒球中所表现出来的运动恰似一曲优美的室内乐。”可见，本文主要探讨的是垒球的特点及其欣赏。 A不对，第一段也确实提到了不同观众对不同运动形式的偏好，但这只是用以引出对垒球的特征及欣赏的讨论。 63.【解析】［C］细节题。文章第一段指出：许多人不喜欢垒球，一提起垒球这些人就打哈欠甚至皱眉头。对他们来说，看垒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装(outfit)的人呆立在球场上，东瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激动人心的)事发生——没意思透了。他们认为这样的运动更适合上个世纪的人的口味，不像橄榄球那样充满活力。A意为：“它只适合老年人的口味。”注意：原文说的是适合上个世纪的人的口味，二者意味不一样。 D意为：“它矫揉造作、滑稽可笑。”这与说它gentlemanly(具有绅士风度，矜持，即：没有冲撞或拼抢)不一样。 64.【解析】［B］推断题。第三段指出，在电视上，垒球运动被切换成不同角度的画面，而且不断地使用重放、特写等电视制作技术，这破坏了该运动的整体运动感，使观众无法将自己投入(project)到运动中去，以体会到这种寓动于静的运动之美。电视做不到这一点(The TV won’t do it for you)，因此，电视上的垒球比赛看上去(seems)孤孤单单、冷冷清清、沉沉静静、慢慢腾腾。C、D不对，作者仅指出了不同运动有不同运动的特征，并未说哪种运动优于哪种。参阅文章最后一句。 65.【解析】［B］推断题。第四段整个都在描述垒球场上的一个场景：拿三垒的运动员假设对方全投出好球，做好了一切准备，但是对方投出的并不是好球。所以在那时候他的准备做不做都不会影响比赛结果。他说本来可以闭上眼睛，意思就是B项所写的。A、C、D都不符合作者的意图。这道题需要完整地了解第四段内容才能作好选择。 66.【解析】［D］推断题。在本文中，作者主要探讨了垒球的特征及欣赏，作者着重指出的是：只有根据垒球的特征来欣赏它，才能体会到它的魅力。在他看来，观察到垒球比赛中运动员的各种动作、垒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键(第三段第二句)。只有从整体来把握它，才能看到每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于“静止”的意义，也只有这样，才能全身心地投入比赛中，欣赏到它的魅力。可见，作者对垒球有很深的理解而且非常喜爱垒球。主要参考第三、四、五段。
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