第十七章 拟声词的翻译 The translation of onomatopoeia
I. 拟声词的基本概念
概念：拟声词，也称象声词，是摹拟事物或动作声音的词。
作用：加强文字的感染力，使语言更加生动形象。
II. 拟声词的翻译方法
1. 在译文中保持原拟声词的词类属性及其在句子里的成分
2. 在译文中转换原拟声词的词类属性及其在句子里的成分
3. 汉语中用拟声词，英译时可不用拟声词 4. 汉语中不用拟声词，英译时可用拟声词
III. 汉英拟声词翻译方法小结
A. 大部分的声音在英语和汉语中用不同的拟声词来表达
B. 少部分声音在英语和汉语中用相似的拟声词来表达
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Eg:
meow (or meou)---------喵 hiss---------嘶嘶声
dingdong---------叮咚声，叮当声 ping---------乒，砰 giggle---------咯咯地笑 pit-a-pat---------噼噼啪啪地 cuckoo---------咕咕叫 A ciw moos. 母牛哞哞叫。 A pigeon coos. 鸽子咕咕叫。 A wolf howls/ growls. 狼嚎叫。
C. 有时，不同的拟声词可根据英语的习惯，用同一个拟声词来表示 例1 clatter
vt.& vi. 发出咔哒声； 嘁嘁喳喳地说笑； 使卡搭卡搭的响
n. 哗啦声； 嘁嘁喳喳的谈笑声； 咔哒声 Eg:
·the clatter of a typewriter ·clatter the knives and forks
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·clattered down the stairs
Translate the following sentences. 1. 火车哐啷哐啷驶出车站 The train clattered out of the station. 2. 百叶窗在风中噼噼啪啪作响。 The shutters clattered in the wind.
3. 午餐时，女孩子们叽叽呱呱地谈个不停。 The girls clattered away at their luncheon. 4. 碟子碗碰得叮叮当当响。
The dishes and bowls slid together with a clatter. 例2 rumble
vi. 隆隆作响； （车辆）辘辘行驶
vt. 低沉地说； 在滚筒里磨光或混合（金属零件）； 看穿（阴谋）
n. 隆隆声，辘辘声； 抱怨声； 吵闹声，喧哗声； （旧式汽车车厢后的）折叠加座 Eg:
·The thunder rumbles.
·Chariots rumble and roll ; horses whinny and neigh.
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车辚辚, 马萧萧. ·The stomach rumbles. ·rumbled voice 压低了的声音
Translate the following sentences. 1. 雷声开始隆隆地响。 The thunder began to rumble. 2. 车轱辘轱辘地驶过去。。 The cart rumbled past.
3. 他的肚子空空地发出咕噜咕噜的叫声。 His stomach rumbled emptily.
IV. 文学作品中拟声词的译文欣赏
1. I seldom opened my door in a winter evening without hearing it. Hoo hoo hoo, hoorer hoo, sounded sonorously, and the first three syllables accented somewhat like how der do; or sometimes hoo hoo only. (H.D. Thoreau, Walden)
冬季傍晚，我一打开门常听到“唿----唿----唿，唿儿----唿”的鸟叫声，声音很悦耳，前三个音节听起来有点像英语的“你好哇！”有时候便只是鸟叫而已。 2. The seizure of the station with fit of trembling,
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gradually deepening to a complaint of the heart, announced the train. Fire and steam, and smoke, and red light; a hiss, a crash, a bell, and a shriek; the little station a desert speck in the thunderstorm. (C. Dickens, Hard Times)
接着车站一阵震动，渐渐地震动得使人心惊肉跳，表示列车快到了。火光和热气、煤烟和红灯扑面而来；一阵咝咝声传来，伴随着乒乒乓乓，铃声当当和汽笛鸣鸣；那个小小的车站就如同在沧海中的一个孤岛。 3.以下是莎士比亚的一首小诗“Song: Hark, Hark!”，以及朱生豪的翻译。
SONG
Hark, Hark! Har, hark! Bow-woo
The watching dogs bark! Bow-wow Hark, Hark! I hear
The strains of strutting chanticleer Cry, “Cock-a-doodle-doo!”
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歌 听啊！听！ 听啊！听！ 汪！汪！ 犬在门前狂吠！ 汪！汪！
听啊！听！我听见 伸颈的雄鸡 喔喔啼！
Exercise：
Tell the ways that are used in translating the onomatopoeia in the following translations 1. 风萧萧，雨潇潇，马萧萧。
The wind whistled, the rain pattered and the horse neighed.
2. 我躺着，听船底潺潺的水声......
I lay down, listening to the water rippling beneath the boat...
3. 高跟皮鞋声咯噔咯噔地由外而来...... There came the click of high-heeled shoes...
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4. 正中的门呀地开了一半。 The center door creaks half-open. 5. 他敲了两下门，心还突突直跳。
He knocked twice at the gate, his heart thudding violently.
6. 哐啷，玻璃打碎了！
There was a crush and tingling of breaking glass. 7. 这个时候，长城线上，烽火连天，一辆囚车，囚着革命英雄，向南急驰。
At a time when the war was raging along the Great Wall, a carriage, carrying this revolutionary hero, went rumbling swiftly southwards.
8. 在咔嚓咔嚓的铡刀声中，听到了死难者英勇的呼声：“共产党万岁！”
Even as the chaff cutter did its grisly work the last shouts of the victims rang out, “Long live the Communist Party!”
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Check:
1. 风萧萧，雨潇潇，马萧萧。
The wind whistled, the rain pattered and the horse neighed.
(保持原拟声词的词类属性及其在句子里的成分-谓语) 2 我躺着，听船底潺潺的水声......
I lay down, listening to the water rippling beneath the boat...
(保持原拟声词的词类属性及其在句子里的成分-定语) 3. 高跟皮鞋声咯噔咯噔地由外而来...... There came the click of high-heeled shoes...
(转换原拟声词的词类属性及其在句子里的成分: 状语---主语)
4. 正中的门呀地开了一半。 The center door creaks half-open.
(转换原拟声词的词类属性及其在句子里的成分: 状语---谓语)
5. 他敲了两下门，心还突突直跳。
He knocked twice at the gate, his heart thudding violently.
(转换原拟声词的词类属性及其在句子里的成分: 状语---非谓语动词)
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6. 哐啷，玻璃打碎了！
There was a crush and tingling of breaking glass. (转换原拟声词的词类属性及其在句子里的成分: 独立成分---主语)
7. 这个时候，长城线上，烽火连天，一辆囚车，囚着革命英雄，向南急驰。
At a time when the war was raging along the Great Wall, a carriage, carrying this revolutionary hero, went rumbling swiftly southwards.
(汉语中没用拟声词，英译时用拟声词)
8. 在咔嚓咔嚓的铡刀声中，听到了死难者英勇的呼声：“共产党万岁！”
Even as the chaff cutter did its grisly work the last shouts of the victims rang out, “Long live the Communist Party!”
(汉语中用拟声词，英译时不用拟声词)
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