英语作文的常见语言错误举例
2024-01-02
来源:星星旅游
口张 波 多数同学写的作文要点很全面,但是由于部分同学英语语言基础知识不扎实,语言不规 范,也往往失分严重。最突出的语言错误有以下几种: 1.主谓一致错误 主谓一致指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致,一 般遵循三个原则,即语法一致、意义 一致和就近原则,但有些考生常常会忽略这方面的问题 根据自己的感觉进行判断,从而导 ,致主谓不一致。 ave a history of 600 years. 误:Qianmen Street,a famous one in Beijing,h正:Qianmen Street,a famous one in Beijing,has a history of 600 years. which include drawing, collecting stamps and SO on. 误:My hobby is widespread。 drawing,collecting stamps and SO on 正:My hobby is widespread。 which includes 误:Dr.Smith,together with his wife,a!e to arrive on the evening flight. 正:Dr.Smith,together with his wife,is to arrive on the evening flight. 2.时态、语态错误 由于汉语中动词没有时态形式上的变化,许多考生在用英语表达时受汉语影响缺乏时 态的概念,故时态错误随处可见。此外,考生也容易弄错名词与动词之间的主动、被动关系, 从而造成语态的误用。 误:In the morning.we had bicycled in the suburbs to plant trees. 正:In the morning。we bicycled in the suburbs to plant trees. 误:It is high time that we do something to reduce pollution. 正:It is high time that we did something to reduce pollution. old Mr. Wang,my maths teacher,was il1. 误:One day I tMr.Wang,my maths teacher,was il1. 正:One day I 塑 Qld aise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively 误:Children who r—in their adult years. 正:Children who are raised in poor families can generally deal with problems more 咿 一1。Unive ̄iU,E ̄ztram;e!E. ̄ ̄mination 兰三强 误:If no self-confidence,all our dreams w—ou—ld merely daydreams 正:If 叟 垒 no self-confidence,all our dreams would be merely daydreams. 误:Our library in the center of the schoo1. 正:Our library is in the center of the schoo1. 误 :There are many students don’t support the project. 正:There are many students w—ho don’t support the project. 4.用词不当 用词不当是指对词语理解不清,容易在词性与词义范围大小、感情色彩等方面使用不 当;也可指对词汇的应用理解不清,造成应用形式错误。特别是近义词、关联词用错会造成病 句。 误:Doing a part—time job always ef—fe—c—ts——study. 正:Doing a part-time job always affects—study. 误:During my summer vacation,I spent half a month in the country and played very happy. 正:During my summer vacation,I spent half a month in the countyr and played very happily. 误:As a matter of fact,we !旦g旦 lal forms of terrorist activities. 正:As a matter of fact,we璺!星 !旦g & all forms of terrorist activities. 5.句子粘连 句子粘连是指两个或两个以上的独立分句没有适当的标点符号或连接词连接的句子。 误:The two tourists are sightseeing in a boat,they are littering into the water. 正:While they are sightseeing in a boat,the two tourists are littering into the water. 误:On the other hand,dogs are our best ̄iends,bring US a lot of fun. 正:On the other hand,dogs are our best firends, which/and b irng US a lot of fun. 误:There were so many people waiting to get a ticket the hall was increasingly crowded. 正:There were so many people waiting to get a ticket that the hall was increasingly crowded. 6.中式英语 中式英语是受汉语语言或思维影响而产生的不地道英语。在词汇层面、惯用法层面、句 子层面都有不同程度的汉式英语出现。曾经有人把“好好学习,天天向上”翻译为Good good study,day day up.就是一个典型的例子。 {吴:There are two boys 墅曼 旦i丛 g for you 正:There are two boys waiting for you. NewUmversityEntrance'Examination 7.平行错误 在平行结构中,两个或两个以上的并列成分(并列单词、短语或分句)必须用等同的语法 形式表达出来,否则平行结构会受到破坏。保证结构平行的关键是找到平衡点,前后语法形 式须保持一致。 误:Crawling down a mountain is sometimes harder than 曼 ! 误 :You’11 get a good score if you study hard and 丛p 正:Crawling down a mountain is sometimes harder than climbing . 坠 望g good method. se good method. 正:You’11 get a good score if you study hard and u误:Then I put my book under my desk,opening it and started looking for the answer. 正:Then I put my book under my desk.opened it and started looking for the answer. 8.悬垂错误 悬垂错误是指充当状语(往往在句首)的分词、不定式或介词短语与句子的主语不能形 成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。此类错误考生自己不易发现,属于隐f生错误。 误:To win the game,many risks must be taken. 正:To win the game, must take many risks. 误:Written in a hurry,we found the book full of mistakes 正:Written in a hurry。 the book was found fu11 of mistakes 误:In order to improve English,Jenny's father bought her a lot of tapes. father to buy her a lot of tapes. 正:In order to improve English,Jennyasked her9.赘词错误 由于英汉表达的不同,像汉语可以说“再重复一遍”,但相对应的英语却不能说repeat again,again就是赘词,此类错误在考生写作中也比比皆是。 ack. 误:At last,the lost boy returned b正:At last。the lost boy returned. ~ 误:On one day,he went to the cinema. 正:One day。he went to the cinema. 误:1 went for fishing with my father last Sunday. 正:1 went fishing with my father last Sunday. 1O.单词拼写和词形变化错误 在书面表达中,这是最常见的一种错误,究其原因,这是考生不注意积累的结果,有些考 生虽然重视积累,但落笔时经常会眼高手低。 误:Our English teacher is friendly but very strickwith US students. ——————正:Our English teacher is friendly but verystrict with US students. car hitted the old man and drived awaV. 误:The New University Entrance ̄Examination —-_, 1.确定主语 英语句子无论多长都有自己的主语(祈使句省略了主语you)。动手写句子首先要确定主 语,其次要特别注意汉语与英语的区别。注意: 汉语中的主语不一定是英语中的主语。 ‘北京八月多雨。英语中不说“Beijing rains much in August.”而说“It rains much in Beijing in August.” 英语中主谓语有时需要倒装,汉语则不需要。 Only then did I realize how important it is to study English. 2.确定谓语动词 英语中没有动词就构不成句子,但英语动词千变万化,稍不注意就会写错句子。在写句 子时应特别注意以下几个方面。 (1)注意及物与不及物动词的正确运用。 (2)注意非延续性动词的用法。 (3)注意一些不可用作被动语态的动词。 (4)注意一些动词的特殊用法。 (5)注意那些汉译意思相同实际用法不同的词。 (6)注意动词的时态及前后时态的一致。 每日俚语 zot(=zotz)(美国俚语)n.一无所有,零 、 例如:1 went out.to get the mail,but there was zotz.我出去取邮件,可是一无所获。 All I got for a raise was little more than zot.我所加到的薪水比零稍许多一点。 用作动词的意思:杀死(某人) 例如:The gunman stepped up to the wall and zotted two of the guards.那持枪歹 徒大步向围墙走去,干掉了两名警卫人员。 zoom out (美国俚语)失去控制 例如:I nearly zoomed out when I got the news.我得到这消息时,差一点控制不住 自己了。 【,j、编的题外话】俚语是指民间非正式、较口语的词、句。俚语都很生活化,但绝对不 能用在考试作文中哦! 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