Contents
摘要 ···································································································· 2 Abstract ······························································································ 3 1 Introduction ····················································································· 4 2 Compare ·························································································· 4 2.1 The Differences culture between Chinese and western country 4 2.1.1 Different in category and material ······································ 4 2.1.2 Different in brewing process ·············································· 4 2.1.3 Different in drinking appliance ··········································· 5 2.1.4 Different in drinking etiquette ············································· 5 2.1.5 Different in purpose ··························································· 6 2.2 The Wrong drinking method in china ······································ 6 3 The Thoughts Gained from western wine Culture···························· 7 3.1 Have a new understand of drinking ··········································· 7 3.2 Understand the basic etiquette of western drinking 7
4 Conclusion ······················································································· 8 Bibliography ······················································································· 9 Acknowledgement ············································································ 10
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摘要
随着中国经济的告诉发展，不少企业聚会或者慈善事业的开展都变得越来越国际化，而只是传统的中式聚会。在聚会中，酒的品质以及喝法讲究等很多人并不是很了解，另外还有不少年轻人喜欢追逐时尚，在夜店的时候一般也要点所谓的“洋酒”，但是对于正确的饮酒方法和讲究等都是知之甚少。在此，笔者通过选择这次的题目希望能够让更多的人了解并且懂得如何品酒。
本次论文通过在同学间的问卷调查以及文献分析选出最长能接触到和最易在饮用过程中出错误的几种酒类进行讲解并且加入中西方在引用同样酒类的不同习惯。难点在于部分人接触比较少或者已经形成习惯可能难以纠正，创新点则是混合了中国人饮用洋酒时形成的自己的习惯。
解读中西方酒文化，可以发现酒文化之间的差异其实就是中西方思维方式的差异。中国人的大写意式的发散性思维和西方人工笔描绘似的发散思维。随着中西文化不断交流的今天，中西方酒文化也在不断地融合，同中有异，异中有同。选择该论题是希望通过了解西方国家饮酒的习惯，达到普及国人能够正饮用洋酒的目的，意义在于能让更多人成为能够真正学会品酒，并且在品酒的过程中感受西方浓郁的酒文化，以及通过了解酒文化感受西方文明。
关键词：饮酒方法;习惯；差异；意义：
中西方国家的饮酒习惯
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An Analysis of Drinking Habits in Western Countries Abstract
With the economy of China developing, many enterprise parties or the development of charity is becoming more and more international, but only the traditional Chinese style
party. ???In the party, and the quality of the wine drinking method such as pay attention to a lot of people don't know very well, there are a lot of young people like to pursue fashion, in the nightclub when general also points of the so-called \"foreign wine\drinking method and exquisite is poorly understood. In this, the author of this topic by selecting the hope can let more people know and understand how to wine.
This paper through the questionnaire survey in between students and analysis of literature can access to choose the longest and most easily in the process of drinking out the wrong several wine in the lecture and join in the same reference between Chinese and western alcohol different habits. The difficulty of the contact is less or has formed a habit may not be correct, innovation points is mixed the Chinese foreign wine drinking the formation of their own habits.
Reading Chinese and western culture of wine, and wine culture can be found the differences between Chinese and western thinking is actually the differences between them. The Chinese spring type of divergent thinking and westerners like fine brush describe
divergent thinking. With the continuous exchanges between Chinese and western culture of today, Chinese and western wine culture is in constant fusion, with a vision of, in the vision with. Choose the argument is to understand western countries through drinking habits, to spread to the foreign wine drinking people is purpose, significance is to let more people become able to really learn to wine, and wine in the process of western full-bodied wine culture feeling, and by understanding wine culture feel the western civilization.
这个是你自己翻译的么？怎么像是软件翻译的？请认真检查，修改错误！！！ Keywords: drinking method; Habit; Differences; Meaning:
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An Analysis of Drinking Habits in Western Countries
1 Introduction
Throughout history picture scroll, wine with humans, past the fluttering years, whether in China or in the west are brewing out long and splendid culture of wine.？？？？
\"If god do not love wine, and wine star is not days, if do not love wine, should be no wine spring, heaven and earth that is love wine, love wine which day\by li bai such as its to love wine; The poetry of the article dou wine in the office of the wine to inspiration, has created a lot of vocal poetry. \"No wine day is like no sunshine\" western wine Pasteur is the father of the wine to give all the sunshine of life, it's hard to tell li bai and Pasteur who to love some more wine. On wine love even though the same, but the differences between Chinese and western culture, but caused Chinese and western appreciate the Angle of wine is different, also extend a Chinese and western of a variety of different wine culture.
With the economy of China told development, many enterprise party or the development of charity are becoming more and more international, not just the traditional Chinese style party. In the party, such as the wine drinking method a lot of people don't know very well, there are a lot of young people like to pursue fashion, in the nightclub when general also points of the so-called \"foreign wine\but to the correct drinking method and exquisite is poorly understood. In this, the author of this topic by selecting the hope can let more people know and understand how to drink wine correctly.
2 Compare
This part of the main through the compare Chinese and western culture of wine in detail, and the difference of the Chinese in drinking habits made mistakes on the people deep understanding of western culture of wine
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2.1 The Differences culture between Chinese and western country
The main part in species materials, brewing process, core culture and drinking wine compare Chinese and western etiquette for cultural difference.
2.1.1 Different in category and material
China's main liquor-making raw materials wheat and sorghum. Ancient Chinese people live in the Yellow River basin on life, is temperate continental climate, the climate suits sorghum and wheat grain crop growth. Chinese people's choice food crops as liquor-making raw materials is often taken for granted
In the west, many of the wine, the most unique, the most famous belong to FaJiaoJiu of wine and brandy distilled spirits belongs to, they use of is almost one hundred percent of the grapes. And with continental Europe as the west, especially the Mediterranean coast of the Mediterranean climate and topography of the climate is very suitable for large area of planting grapes. Time a long, people on the choice of wine formed a preference.
The natural environment and the transmission of culture, and that is natural and cultural environment and social culture environment contributed to Chinese and western people on wine different preferences.
2.1.2 Different in brewing process
In wine brewing process, China's exquisite material, water, song three unified, use
solid and half a solid, double entry fermentation method. Western mainly grapes for raw materials, focusing on the exquisite material as the core, barrels and cellar for security, liquid, characteristic menu type fermentation method. In wine brewing in the process, the most important grape of leading role, the person's labor does the most important auxiliary function.
2.1.3 Different in drinking appliance
China's drinking appliance kinds of various not just because of the development of the social productive forces, but also due to the needs of the feudal system, through the different instruments to represent the different status, as ancient as official uniforms were divided into different levels . Different people use different instruments, the existence of drinking appliance is completely to distinguish and prominent drink of status.
Western countries were also divides a lot of kinds, but different kinds of glass just different functions, such as a cocktail glass of brandy glass, acid wine, white wine glass, etc, and have no difference to the identity of the function.
2.1.4 Different in drinking etiquette
he drinking etiquette point of view, Chinese and western culture have big differences of
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wine. Closely studied can be found such a law, Chinese people drinking attention is the people, to see and who drink, the atmosphere of the drink is; Westerners drinking wine of attention, to see what to drink wine and is fully enjoy the delicious wine.
China's drinking etiquette expression of drinking the respect of the people. Who is the master, who is the guest, have fixed seat, of the fixed order toast. Here to begin to worship from master, master the ungodly, others are not qualified to worship, if random order is to be punished. And the toast must from the honored guests began to worship on, here's a full glass, said to be the toast of the people is respect. The younger generation to their superiors,
subordinates to superiors to be active and toast toast, and cultured is first dry for worship. And do JiuLing, HuaQuan etc drinking etiquette, also is to let people drink alcohol more time and emergent. Obviously, Chinese liquor culture by China's deep concern the influence of traditional ethical culture birthright, in the process of drinking alcohol to the respect of the people in the most important position.
But western people drinking wine etiquette, the reaction to the respect of the wine.
Honest to view its wine color, hear its, product its taste, to mobilize various senses enjoy good wine. In drinking order, pay attention to drink white wine to drink red wine, the first is a light wine to product rich wine, first drink young wine to drink in the long years of the wine, according to the law of taste change, gradually deeply enjoy wine flavor of the change. And for the choice of wine grapes, is also based on how to make spell drinkers fully enjoy the requirements of the wine to choose. Let aroma close together tulip goblet, let the body fully open Bi wine qpparatus, stretching and even to master wine and characteristic of temperature for the special design of the thermometer, all without exception shows westerners on wine respect, their drinking etiquette, drinking culture is for better enjoy delicious and work
2.1.5 Different in purpose
In China, the wine is often as a tool. People rely more on drinking wine things outside of pursuit. In the eyes of the Chinese people more wine is used as a communication tool, so in the Chinese wine culture for wine itself a lack of scientific and systematic theoretical analysis and evaluate what, CARES more about drinking after he brought wonderful effect.
In the west, the purpose of drinking often very simple, to appreciate and drinking wine, in order to enjoy the wine and drinking. Of course, in the western wine also have communication function, but people more is to pursue how to enjoy the taste of wine.
2.2 The Wrong drinking method in china
As people more and more contact with foreign wine, many wrong ideas and habits have
changed a, the impact of the Chinese on the wrong cognition wine, mainly for the following several kinds.
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1, Wine referred to as \"red wine
In fact, red wine is a kind of wine, and wine also include white wine, peach wine, champagne, sparkling wines, sweet white wine, ice grape wine, sherry, potter wine, Madeira wine and various add fragrant wine
2 Think of the long time storage wine is good
In theory, the wine is a living thing, after the bottle will still continue to mature and
change. Good storage conditions, the wine in the years of experience in the makes tannins and gradually, fruity bouquet more depth, taste and more balanced coordination. Top chateau of gold produced may to put on ten year years before it began in earnest; Even in half a century later, still can shine brilliantly. However, the United States wine educator, former New York's world trade center restaurant top floor window of the world total shi wine division Kevin this larry in wine introductory \"point out: not all the old wine the better. In fact, more than 90% of the world's wine drinking it in a year of less than the best. 3 Apt to smell the cork
The formal western restaurant and wait for a teacher to open a bottle of wine in after the cork on as usual, a XiaoDie, come please the wine people check, see the cork is
weather-shack or mildewy-such as, have the above phenomenon, indicating that this wine save undeserved, can request to change a bottle of. But some customers like to pretend to be an expert, often also to one took the cork on under the nose smell, then heads nodding.
The United States \"wine observers columnist matt kraemer in wine to drink, secret tell you: the present cork is not for you to smell but to you see no possible from a cork smell that a bottle of wine is good or bad, just as you can't from the taste of the insole learned that a pair of shoes is good
Wine is an elegant drinks, and the true elegance is reflected in detail so, the right wine way, is the basis of elegant taste.
Many people more and more favour wine, but lack the necessary knowledge, to make a joke. People for the wine consumption idea, there is a lot of errors, if not to pay attention, may do loss elegant image.
3 The Thoughts Gained from western wine Culture 3.1 Have a new understand of drinking
Westerners on wine understanding tends to sign of power, ode child it high, luxury image. Western eyes, wine is a special kind of art, has charm and life. And for the busy life and no She, exclamation short life and is only in JiuHanErRe, heavy hearts to be a moment of comfort, weak human nature to be temporary relief.
The outlook on life, reflected in the western culture. Lend wine outlet saying such as drinkone 's sorrows/troubles drown one' s troubles away, drink down sorrow, etc. Wine can calm mood, arousing the enthusiasm, stimulate imagination, give a person with spiritual hang
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from you.
But in western alcohol will never blame. Who will in public was drunk, he'll want to draw the public circles the sight, especially in Britain that gentleman countries. This is why alcoholic wine as bad a and drug addicts, and the drunkard? (the drunk) is synonymous with the barbarians.
3.2 Understand the basic etiquette of western drinking
Party occasions, the host for expressing the guest to honor that I wish is a common way of doing it, but Chinese and western etiquette in the concrete practice of the toast has a big difference. In the time and toast occasions, according to different level, the Chinese level and occasion to toast respectively; And the habit of westerners is to pay attention to the beginning and end of the wine device, that is before the start of the dinner, the host to welcome every guest, in the end, the dessert before dinner, the host again raised a glass to VIP (and) to pay homage to the individual. To the Chinese people, drink a toast to drink wine in the means, glass smashed against either, or click on the desktop; And for westerners, the drinking of mean not like Chinese people do directly, and sometimes also can mutual toast, but it is more common, cheers only raised his glass, right amount can, can't drink, can use the alcohol to replace, just need to take a photograph of the sincerity express wish can. In western business banquets, if you are the fete guest when his master to you here alone, you don't have to stand up, also need not to drink, this is a kind of humble said. Next, had picked up his glass, congratulations on another guest, to indicate that can't enjoy their great respect, and more willing to share the relay. But in the east, party, when the distinguished guest host toast, VIP general stood up to appreciate and had picked up his glass in one gulp, to accept the respect, then, again to others to propose a toast.
In drinking on etiquette, and although there is quite a different, but still have some of
the same principles and practices, the following are some of the eastern and western general drinking toast etiquette:
1. The host at the dinner party should worship the first cup of wine, this glass of
wine can worship to the everyone, also can be alone for the worship of the fete protagonist, namely the VIP.
2. A toast in the former, ensure you a toast to the guests have a general idea, toast to short and strong words, closing to actively open, avoid to cause misunderstanding about the teaser.
3. Even if you not drinking, in polite to join the ranks of the toast and, of course, can the cup into alcohol, because the key is to express their respect each other and not off alcohol consumption.
4. After a toast, not as a welcome before and after the speech of the leader, this is a wine feast,rather than the meeting.
4 Conclusion
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To sum up, the differences between Chinese and western every different history
development path and different thinking mode, bring up between the two great cultural
differences, but the form directly between Chinese and western culture of wine on different. In interpersonal interaction, the wine has is not only a drink, but more as a kind of
communication medium. People through the wine to exchange the friendship, communicating, whether holiday, or negotiate business, wine is a middle hub, and even between people is delicate emotions, and people rely more on drinking and pursue wine things outside. In the west culture continuous exchanges, various aspects all tend to globalization today, Chinese and western culture of wine is in constant mutual fusion penetration, abstained cultural differences between Chinese and western wine, can more properly make wine this medium better services to us. Need to acknowledge is that although Chinese and western wine culture has great difference, but also have their connotation and features, and in the history of the world as the bright star, gleaming. And the analysis and comparison of the differences
between Chinese and western culture of wine more helps us understand wine culture hidden behind the style is different, and the rich and colorful culture and national significance, and helps people of successful cross-cultural communication and cultural exchanges, and better for English and Chinese national culture exchange play a positive role in promoting,
eventually more conducive to the whole world the harmony and development of the people.
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Bibliography
[1] 品味:中西方酒文化的差异 - 考试周刊 - 2011(15) [2]中西方葡萄酒文化的差异与融合 - 中国食品 - 2006(14) [3]《中国食品》 -2006年5期徐宝良 [4]《空中英语教室（社会科学版）》 -2011年3期徐颖 [5]《中北大学学报（社会科学版）》 -2010年4期江丽容 [6]《洋酒品鉴大全》辽宁科学技术出版社 高岚译 [7]《洋酒品鉴宝典 》 文森特·贾斯尼尔 [8] Kitagawa, S., et al., Effect of soy peptide on brewing beer. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2008. 105(4): p. 360-366.
[9] Wolf-Hall, C., Mold and mycotoxin problems encountered during malting and brewing. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2007. 119(1-2): p. 89-94.
[10]《THE WORLD ATLAS OF WINE》 Hugh Johnson
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Acknowledgement
This paper is firstly dedicated to my respectable and knowledgeable supervisor, Prof. Jin li. without her parental support and whole-hearted guidance, there is no point in wring this dissertation .
Special thanks are also due to my parents for they bought me the computer and for their help on my study. I am grateful and appreciated to them.
Finally, thanks should be also extended to all of my classmates and friends who have helped and given suggestions on this thesis writing.
太短了！
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摘自“论文各阶段注意事项”文档：
第三阶段：3月21日—5月3日：论文写作和评阅 1）完全按照模板论文的字体、大小、空格规范来（模板论文为去年省优论文）。 2）文中引用不少于6处，参考文献不少于10本，参考文献中英文文献不少于6本，
先中文后英文，分别按照首字母顺序排列。 3）“致谢”需要个性化，不能千篇一律。 4）正文字数不少于3000单词。
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5)文中引用格式：(Brown, Keith, 2008, p.203)[12]
，
（姓，名，出版
年限，对应页码）其中[12] 是对应后面参考文献的哪个，加了该括号表明前句话是引用。另外引用的内容用引号标出！
5月11日 学生答辩
二、中文参考文献格式
1. 参考文献类型：
专著［M］，论文集［C］，报纸文章［N］，期刊文章［J］（有些学报属于期刊性质），学位论文［D］，报告［R］，标准［S］，专利［P］，论文集中的析出文献［A］ 2.范例：
1）.专著、论文集、学位论文、报告
［序号］主要责任者.文献题名［文献类型标识］.出版地：出版社，出版年. ［1］ 刘国钧，陈绍业.图书馆目录［M］.北京：高等教育出版社，1957. 2）．期刊文章
［序号］主要责任者.文献题名［J］.刊 名，年，卷（期）：起止页码 ［1］ 何龄修.读南明史［J］.中国史研究，1998,(3). 3）.报纸文章
［序号］主要责任者.文献题名［N］.报纸名，出版日期（版次） ［8］ 谢希德.创造学习的新思路［N］.人民日报，1998-12-25（10）. 3.按照作者首字母的顺序排列
三、英文参考文献格式
1．注意事项
1）中文在前,英文在后
2）英文参考文献中作者,编者姓名应该先姓后名
3）顺序:作者的姓,名,（先姓后名的是用逗号隔开，未用逗号的是先名后姓）作品名,出版地,出版社名称,出版年份等.各条目应该严格按照作者姓的首字母排列,如
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Bloom, Edward A. and Lillian D. Bloom. Willa Cather's Gift of Sympathy. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1962. Cather, Willa…… Daiches, David…..
4）尽量少引用网站，不得超过2个。
5）英文中是“句点”（英文模式下），非“句号”（中文模式下）。
2. 写作规范 1)一人撰写的,如:
Barth, John. Chimera. New York: Houghton, Mifflin, 2001.(句点在横线外面) 2)选集
文献目录的第一个组成部分是选集的编辑的姓名,后接逗号,再接ed. (editor),有时还会有comp. (compiler), trans. (translator)等.如:
Abrahams, William, ed. Prize Stories: O. Henry Awards 1985. New York: Doubleday, 1985. 3).多人合作
英文引用中只需要将第一作者的姓名颠倒,其余作者的排序按文献标题页上的顺序即可.如:
Crystal, D. and D. Davy. Investigating English Style. London: Longman, 1969. 注意:三人以内的通常在最后一位用and连接,后接句点.若作者有四为或更多,一是可以一一列出,二是只列出第一位作者的姓名,其余各位用et al.(拉丁语,and the others).如: Quirk, Randolph, et al. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman, 1985. 4)团体撰写
第一个组成部分为撰写该著作的团体名称,其它的部分相同. 如:
American Medical Association. The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine. New York: Random, 1989. 5)选集中的作品
应在该条目中标示所引用内容的作者姓名和标题.顺序一般为:引用文章的作者姓名,文
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章的标题,译者的姓名,选集的标题,编辑的姓名,出版地,出版商的名称,出版年份以及引用部分的起止页码.如:
Kafka, Franz. “ The Metamorphosis.” Trans. Edwin Muir and Willa Muir. The Riverside Anthology of Literature. Ed. Douglas Hunt. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1988. 6)未署名著作
条目的第一项为作者的标题.如:
Greece:1974. Athens: National Tourist Organization of Greece, 1973. 7)再版著作
条目中应该添加有关版次的信息,2nd ed.表示第2版,Abr. ed. (Abridged edition删节版), Rev. ed. (Revised edition修订版).若文献的标题之后有文献的译者或编者的姓名,则将版次信息移至译者或者编者之后.如:
Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer. Ed. F. W. Robinson. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton, 1957. 8)若是引用网上的文章：
1．该项目或者数据库的标题（划线） 2．编辑的姓名
3．电子出版信息：包括可能有的版本号（但不能是标题的一部分），电子出版日期，主办机构或者组织的名称 4．访问日期和网址 如：
An Analysis of Jane Austen’s Characters. Ed. David Kerr. May 1997. Cambridge U. 9 Sep.1999 引号内是论文的标题，后接其出版信息，其后是刊登此论文摘要的期刊名称（用下划线标示）及出版年份。如： Perry, David. “ The Creative Personality.” Psychology Today 36 (1996). (其中36表示期号) 18 3．易错之处 1）参考文献中出版社前没有给出版地 2）英文书名没有使用斜体或下划线,英文文章两边没有使用引号 3）英文参考文献中应该先姓后名 19 因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容