第六讲
单元语法——形容词副词
一般来说，中文意思是“……的”的词是形容词，而中文意思是“……地”的词是副词。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是小升初考试的重点之一。
一. 形容词:
1. 概述: 形容词是用以修饰名词或某些代词,表示人或事物的性质,特征或状态的. eg: This is a small noon.
多个形容词作定语一般遵循下面的规则:限(冠词, 物主代词, 指示代词, 数词等) 观(描述)形(大小, 形状等)龄(年龄, 新旧等)色(色彩)国(国籍, 出处等) 二. 副词: 表示行为特征或性状的词叫副词, 副词主要用来修饰动词, 形容词,
副词或其他结构.
副词的基本特征
①副词是表示行为或状态特征的词，在句子中属于修饰性词类。 ②大多数副词是用形容词加后缀－ly构成的。 Eg: quickly slowly bravely
以-y结尾的形容词，现将y改成i，再加-ly。 Eg: happy-----happily angry-----angrily
有些副词没有特殊词尾。 Eg: late, often, here, quite, never, very ③有些副词与形容词形式相同。 Eg: late, early, high, long, fast
④只有可以分成比较级的副词才能有比较级和最高级形式，eg: fast ,easily等。 像only, really, here, there则不可能有比较级，因为它们是不可分级的。
一、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的意义
英语中的形容词和副词，在句子里表示“比较……”、“最……”时，要用特别的形式，即：比较级和最高级。原来的形式称为原级。
如： long longer longest
原级 比较级 最高级
1．The black pen is very long. 黑色的钢笔很长。
2．The blue pen is longer than the black one. 蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。
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3．The red pen is the longest of the three. 红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。
二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
单音节词和少数双音节词（如以y结尾的词）以加词尾-er,-est 的方式构成，在加词尾时要注意：
类型 一般单音节词 以-e或-ee结尾的词 构成法 直接加词尾-er,-est 加-r, -st 例词 small, samller, smallest large, larger, largest free, freer, freest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词 变y为i，再加词尾-er，busy, busier, biggest -est 先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er, -est heavy, heavier, heaviest big, bigger, biggest thin, thinner, thinnest 大部分双音节词和多音节词都在其前加more方式构成：
原级 important difficult useful 比较级 more important more diffcult more useful 最高级 most important most difficult most useful 注：有少数单音节的形容词，通常以加 more, most 的方法构成比较级和最高级， 如：pleased, tired, fond, glad等。 三、形容词、副词比较级的用法
表示两者间的比较用比较级。其常见句式有：
1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。 如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 注意：
① 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。
②在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。 如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. ③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。
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2．“become + 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级”是“变得越来越……”的意思，and连接同一个形容词的比较级。
如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。
注：表示“越来越……”时，若比较级是“原级 + er”构成的，则常用“比较级 + and + 比较级”形式；若比较级是“more + 原级”构成的，需用“more and more + 原级形式”。
如：Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。 3．在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。
如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom? 四、形容词、副词的最高级的用法
1. Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。 2. She is the youngest in the class. 她是班里最年轻的。
句型：A+动词+the+形容词最高级+of（in）… 表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时，用最高级。最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in）短语来说明比较的范围。 1. Tom is the happiest of us all. 汤姆是我们当中最幸福的。
2. This park is the most beautiful of the three. 这个花园是这三个中最漂亮的。
of…和in…的区别
1.“of+复数”表示“在……之中的”；“在……中”
of the four…… 在四个之中 of all（people） 在所有的人之中 of all the boys在所有的男孩中 of us 在我们之中 of all things 在所有的事情当中
2.“in+范围、场所”译为“在……之中”；“在……之内” in the house 在家中 in China 在中国 in the world 在世界上 in our school 在我们学校 in my family 在我们家需注意的最高级用法 America is one of the most important countries for China. 对中国而言，美国是最重要的国家之—。 My father is the tallest in my family. 在我家里，我父亲最高。 1.one of the +最高级，表示“是最……之一者”
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Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 上海是中国最美丽的城市之—。
Our city is one of the safest cities in the world. 我们城市是世界上最安全的城市之—。
One of the most important languages is English 最重要的语言之一是英语。 注意：1.one of the +最高级，后面要加上名词的复数，即为“one of the +最高
级+复数名词”
2.“most+复数名词”、“most of the+复数名词）或most of+代词，表示“大
多数，大部分的……”
Most of the boysare good. 大多数的男孩是好样的。 Most of（his books） them were written here. 他的大部分书是在这儿写的。
3.最高级的表示方法 我们可以用原级、比较级、最高级三种方式来表达最高级，总结如下： 她是她们班最好的学生。 最高级：She is the best in her class.
比较级：She is better than any other student in her class.
No other student in her class is better than she.
原级： No other student in her class is as good as she.
比较which和what
在一定数目的范围内做选择时用which，从不定数中做选择时用what，但有时并没有区分得那么清楚。左下例句是询问三者以上，所以用which。
Which（Who）is +the +最高级？ 意指三个以上的事物或人当中“哪一个（人）最为～呢？”
Which is the biggest of the five apples? 这五个苹果中哪一个最大？ The first one（is）. 第一个。
Which is the heaviest, the horse, the sheep or the elephant? 马、羊和大象，哪一个最沉？ The elephant（is）.大象。
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五、注意
形容词最高级前一定要有定冠词the，而副词最高级前则不需要。 eg：What animals run fastest? They run fastest in the world.
【随堂练】 一、按要求写单词
1.slow(反义词) ____________ 2.cheap(反义词)__________ 3.fast(反义词) ____________ 4.plane(同义词)___________ 5.much（比较级）__________ 6.bus(复数) ____________ 7.cost(同义词)___________ 8.take(反义词) ____________
二、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级
1 long ________ ________ 2 great ________ ________ 3 fine ________ ________ 4 big ________ ________ 5 easy ________ ________ 6 hot ________ ________ 7 early ________ ________ 8 brave ________ ________ 9 beautiful ________ ________ 10 important ________ ________ 三、单项选择
1.——which colour do you like _________, blue or green? ——Blue.
A.good B.better C.best D.the best 2.He doesn’t play the violin so ________as his father. A.good B.better C.best D. best 3. Shanghai is ________ one of the two cities. A.the larger B.larger C.the largest D.largest 4.——Excuse me, sir. The shoes are a bit small for me. ——Don’t worry. I’ll change them for a _______ size.
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A.smaller B.smallest C.larger D.largest
5. I think Bob is the most suitable person to take the job because he can do the work well with _________ money and ________ people. A.less;less B.less;more C.more;fewer D.less;fewer 四、用所给词的正确形式填空：
1 My brother is two years ________ (old) than me. 2 Is your friend ________ (young) than you? 3 Who is ________ (thin)，you or Helen?
4 Whose pencil-box is ________ (big)，yours or hers? 5 Which is the______( heavy) , an elephant, a horse or a pig? 6 This country is _______( rich) than that one. 7 His sister is a little _______( tall) than him.
8 Her parents have four daughters, and she is the_________( young) one 9 The ________________( expensive) bags are not always the best ones. 10 She will be much ____________( happy) in her new house. 五、选择题
1. The yellow shoes are _______ than the blue ones. A expensive B expensiver C more D most 2. He feels _______ today than yesterday. A tired B more tired C more tireder D much tired 3. Who is_______ ,Jean,Joan,Jennet? 4. Tim is _____ than Jack.
A funny B much funny C funnier D funniest
5 I am taller than others in my class. I am _____ in my class. A tall B taller C the taller D the tallest 6. I have ______ books than you have. A many B much C more D most 7. His uncle ‘s house is very ________ . A old Bolder C oldest D the oldest
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8 My bike is _______ but his bike is _______
A new new B new newer C new newest D newer newest 9 Please clean your room. It’s ______now.
A clean B dirty C cleaner D cleanest 10 Our school is _______ than yours.
A the biggest B biggest C the bigger D bigger 六、完成句子 1.谁比吉姆年纪大？
Who is ________ ________ Jim? 2.谁比大卫更强壮？
Who is _____ _________ David? 3.谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？ Whose pencil is, his or hers? 4.这本书比那本书更有趣。
This book is ________ ________ ____________that one. 5.今天比昨天冷。
It is __________ today _________ it was yesterday.
课堂巩固
一 单选题
( ) 1. The boy ____ when he was sitting on the sofa.
A fall sleep B fell sleep C felt asleep D fell asleep ( ) 2.--Do you mind parking my car here?
--____________. See the sign? “NO PARKING!”
A. No, not at all B. No I don’t C. You’d better not D. Never mind
( ) 3. The teacher came in ______________ a book ______________ his hand. A. have ;on B with; in C ./; in D. with; /
( ) 4. We’ll have ________________ during Qingming Holiday.
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A. a three days holiday B. a three-day holiday
C. a three-days holiday D. a three-day-holiday
( ) 5. Tom’s new book has____________ recently.
A. came out; B. been come out C. come caught D. come out
( ) 6. --- How soon will Tom _____________ there? --- In an hour. A. reach B. get to C. arrive at D. arrive in ( ) 7. ---Can I _______________ the TV? There is an exciting basketball match now.
--- Really? Let’s watch it together.
A. turn on B. turn up C. turn down D turn off ( ) 8.--Why didn’t you come to Millie’ birthday party last night? -- I ________________.
A. invite B. invited C. was invited D. am invited . ( ) 9. --- Can you help me type the article, John? --- Sorry, I know little about________.
A. computer programs B. word processing C. sending e-mails D. playing games
( ) 10. The witch will cut an inch of her hair, if the question ________________ incorrectly.
A. answered B answers C is answered D was answered
( ) 11.How often_____ your school sports meeting_________? ---- Twice a year. A. is; held B. does; hold C. was ; hold D. did; hold ( ) 12. ---I _______all the levels already!
-- Really? How smart you are!
A. past B .passed C. have past D. have passed
( ) 13. The food____ well and it _____.
A is sold, sells out B is sold, is sold out C sells, sells out D sells, is sold out
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( ) 14.－What’s this called in English, Eddie?
－______.
A. No, I don’t B. Yes, this is a computer. C. I’ve no idea D. I
not know
( ) 15. We can change the channel on TV with a _____.
A. keyboard B. mouse C. printer D. remote control
二．完形填空。
There are all kinds of machines. They 1 in many different ways. One kind of machine is called a computer. A computer can do many things. A computer can do math problems. People can do math problems. But they cannot do it 2 a computer. Computers remember things. Computers can’t forget 3 people tell them. People cannot remember as many things as computers. Computers help tell 4 the weather will 5 .Computers help fly rockets and spaceships.
There are 6 of ways computers are used. They are used in thousands of ways. 7 they are not always used in the same way. Some computers do just 8 things. Some computers can do a lot of things. There are 9 computers. There are big computers. There may be computers in your school. Do you 10 what they do? ( )1．A．use B．are used ( )2．A．faster than big as
( )3．A．something D． things
( )4．A．which B．where C．what D．why ( )5．A．be like B．be C．look D．feel ( )6．A．all B．many C．a lot D．only some
( )7．A．But B．And C．When D．Though ( )8．A．a little B．little C．few D．a few ( )9．A．large B．huge（巨大的） C．good D．small
B．that C．everything
C．are using D．will use
B．as fast as C．more quickly than D．so
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( )10．A．get
D．know 三．阅读理解
B．talk C．make
A Airline Air Canada Japan Airlines British Airways Pan American 226 London Beijing Tokyo Hong Kong 11.20a.m. 11.43a.m. 12.32p.m. 12.32p.m. 12 15 21 14 Flight number Destination 137 320 405 Beijing Tokyo Paris Departure time Gate 10.12a.m. 10.30a.m. 11.00a.m. 24 18 20 Pan American 12 Air Canada CAAC 178 289 ( ) 1. If you want to fly to Paris, you should take________.
A. Flight 137 B. Flight 320 C. Flight 226 D. Flight 405
( ) 2. Flight 289 to Hong Kong leaves at_______.
A. 11.43a.m. B. 10.12a.m. C. 12.32p.m. D. 10.12a.m.
( ) 3. A lady wants to take Flight 12 to Beijing, she should go to Gate________.
A. 14 B. 15 C. 12 D. 18
( ) 4. Flight 226 to London is from _________.
A. Pan American B. Japan Airlines C. Air Canada D. CAAC
( ) 5. A man is at Gate 18. He’s going to________.
A. Tokyo B. Hong Kong C. London D. Paris
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