2012 伦敦奥运会
译前准备之术语准备
London Olympics Organizing Committee伦敦奥林匹克组织委员会
Olympic Mascot 奥运会吉祥物 Wenlock文洛克 Mandeville曼德维尔 Misha米莎
Baron Pierre de Coubertin皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦男爵 Stoke Mandeville斯托克·曼德维尔 Paralympic残奥运 David Follett大卫·弗利特Devon德文郡 LOCOG伦敦奥组委 burner燃烧器 priestess女祭司
译前准备之主题知识准备 （1） London Olympics in History
London has hosted the Olympic Games on two past occasions, in 1908 and 1948, with a third scheduled for 2012. The planned 2012 Olympics will make London the first city to have hosted the modern Games of three Olympiads. London is the only city in the United Kingdom to have ever hosted the Olympics; the United States is the only country to have hosted Summer Olympics on more occasions than the UK. 跳转到： 导航 ， 搜索
伦敦已经举办了两届奥运会，1908年，1948年，和即将来临的2012年。 伦敦将是第一个举办过三届奥林匹克现代奥运会的城市。 伦敦也是英国唯一一个的举办过奥运会的城市， 美国是唯一一个举办夏季奥运会上比英国多的国家。
From
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/2012olympics/2012-05/17/content_15323909.htm
（2） The Motto of the London Olympic Games
The motto of the London Olympic Games - Inspire a Generation - was unveiled by the London Olympics Organizing Committee (LOCOG) on Wednesday as they celebrate 100 days to go to the Olympic Games.
伦敦奥运会的口号 - 激励一代人 - 伦敦奥运会组委会（伦敦奥组委）周三公布，为庆祝离奥运会还有100天。
From http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/sports/2012-04/18/content_15082974.htm
（3） 2012 Olympic Mascots
They have frightened some and enchanted others. They are Wenlock and
Mandeville, mascots of the London Olympic Games.
The one-eyed figures join the large family of mascots that includes the Five Fuwa of Beijing (2008), the bear Misha of Moscow (1980) and many others.
Wenlock is the name of the English village considered by many to be the birthplace of the modern Olympics. People think its local games inspired Baron Pierre de Coubertin, who founded the International Olympic Committee.
The other mascot's name is a reference to the village of Stoke Mandeville, where the Paralympics movement began.
他们害怕有些陶醉他人。他们是文洛克和曼德维尔，伦敦奥运会的吉祥物。 独眼的人物加入，其中包括北京的五个福娃（2008年），莫斯科熊米莎（1980）和许多其他的吉祥物大家庭。
文洛克是英国村庄的名字被许多人认为是现代奥运会的发源地。人们认为其本地游戏的启发，成立了国际奥林匹克委员会的顾拜旦。
另一个吉祥物的名字是参考斯托克曼德维尔村，残奥运动开始。
From
http://www.bbc.co.uk/ukchina/simp/elt/take_away_english/100526_tae_266_olympic_mascots_story.shtml
（4） The Torch Went Out
On May 21st，the torch was on the side of David Follett's wheelchair in Devon, when it went out for the first time since arriving in Britain ahead of the Olympics.
A spokesman for LOCOG said: \"The flame went out due to a malfunctioning burner. It is not uncommon for a flame to go out and this can happen for a number of reasons, for example, in extreme winds. \"
This is not the first occasion on which the Olympic flame has been extinguished in recent days. A gust of wind blew out the flame during a ceremony in Olympia, Greece while it was being held by an actress playing a high priestess who was re-enacting a scene from the ancient Olympics.
From
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/torch-relay/9279349/London-2012-Olympics-torch-goes-out-on-day-three.html
5月21号，伦敦奥运火炬英国境内传递进入第三天。就在这一天，火炬在传递过程中首次熄灭。当天的传递在英国西南部德文郡进行，英国轮椅羽毛球运动员弗利特正进行火炬传递。随后火炬里的火苗便被吹灭了，这是奥运火炬来到英国后第一次熄灭。
伦敦奥组委一位发言人表示，火炬熄灭是由于燃烧器故障导致的。她还指出，火炬熄灭并不罕见，在极端大风的天气等情况下都有可能发生。
这并不是此次奥运火炬传递第一次发生故障。在希腊奥林匹亚举行的一场庆典仪式上，一位希腊女演员在扮演女祭司重现古希腊的场景时，其手中的火炬也被强风吹灭。
欧债危机 European Debt Crisis
financial distress财务危机 political economist 政治经济学家
European sovereign debt crisis 欧洲主权债务危机 globalization of finance 金融全球化
credit condition 信贷条件 real-estate bubbles 房地产泡沫
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development经济合作与发展组织（OECD）
ripple effect around the world. 世界各地的涟漪效应 fiscal compact 财政协定 boost economic growth 刺激经济增长 euro currency union.欧元货币联盟
budget cuts 预算削减 growth-oriented 增长潜力型的 existing initiatives 现有措施
project bonds 项目债券 infrastructure project 基建项目 capital injection 资本注入
AFP 法新社（Agence France Presse） private creditor 私人债权人
economic growth forecast 经济增长预测 East Asia and Pacific economic update 东亚和太平洋经济更新
(1)political economist analysis the causes of the ESDC
As for the origin to the financial distress, a political economist points out it is due to the way the European Union deals and make their trade policies, the EU only takes action after the facts and addresses a situation when it has already become a problem. The European sovereign debt crisis has resulted from many complex factors, including the globalization of finance; easy credit conditions during the 2002–2008 period; international trade imbalances; real-estate bubbles that have since burst; slow economic growth in 2008 and thereafter; fiscal policy choices related to government revenues and expenses; and approaches used by nations to bailout troubled banking industries and private bondholders, assuming private debt burdens or socializing losses.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_sovereign-debt_crisis (2)EU leaders to focus on economic growth
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development warned Tuesday that Europe's debt problems could ripple effect around the world.After signing a fiscal compact at their last summit, EU leaders are expected to discuss ways to boost economic growth and create jobs at an informal dinner Wednesday amid new
threats to the troubled euro currency union. The informal dinner meeting in Brussels will take place as Greece struggles to form a government. It will also be the first EU summit for the newly-elected French president, Francois Hollande, who has called for a shift away from budget cuts toward more growth-oriented policies.The leaders could make some progress on existing initiatives. They are expected to agree to increase capital for the European Investment Bank and to use \"project bonds\" that would fund infrastructure projects across the EU.
By Ben Rooney @CNNMoneyInvest May 22, 2012: 2:07 PM ET http://money.cnn.com/2012/05/22/markets/eu-leaders-meeting/index.htm
(3)Greek banks to receive 18-billion-euro bailout source
Greece’s cash-starved banks are expecting an 18 billion euro capital injection from a European Union rescue fund in the coming days, an unnamed banking source told AFP on Tuesday.The funds are part of a 30-billion-euro envelope created to help Greece’s lenders survive the severe writedown on Greek sovereign debt that was a crucial element of the second bailout package for Athens approved in March.As part of that package, Greece last month completed a huge exchange of government debt held by private creditors worth nearly 199 billion euros (US$262-billion). Agence France-Presse May 22, 2012 – 2:59 PM ET
http://business.financialpost.com/2012/05/22/greek-banks-to-receive-18-billion-euro-bailout-source/
(4)World Bank cuts China's 2012 growth forecast
The World Bank cut its economic growth forecast for China this year to 8.2 percent from 8.4 percent on Wednesday and urged the country to rely on easier fiscal policy that boosts consumption rather than state investment to lift activity.In a biannual East Asia and Pacific economic update, the World Bank said a slowing China will drag growth in emerging East Asia to two-year lows this year, but warned Europe's seething debt crisis could inflict even bigger damage if it worsens.But if governments and central banks act in time to stabilise activity, economies should recover next year.It said countries could further loosen monetary and fiscal policies to foster activity, but noted their room for manoeuvre is constrained by inflation risks that could spike when growth rebounds amid rising public debt now.\"The region's authorities should remain flexible to shift monetary policy gears should growth gain traction and inflationary pressures build up,\" the World Bank said. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-05/23/content_15365556.htm
两岸关系
achieve peaceful reunification实现和平统一exchanges, dialogue, consultations and negotiations交流对话，协商谈判 Eva Airways 长荣航空cross-Straits charter flight 两岸包机Kaohsiung 高雄non-stop charter flights 直飞包机anti-secession law反分裂国家法 military force 军事力量secession脱离，脱离的行为 1. Hu Jingtao’s opinion on relations across the Taiwan Straits
The mainland is ready to hold exchanges, dialogue, consultations and negotiations with any political party in Taiwan on any issue as long as it recognizes that both sides of the Straits belong to one and the same China, Hu said. He also vowed to make every effort with the utmost sincerity to achieve peaceful reunification. \"We will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan from the motherland in any name, or by any means.\"
胡锦涛指出，台湾任何政党，只要承认两岸同属一个中国，我们都愿意同他们交流对话、协商谈判，什么问题都可以谈。我们愿以最大诚意、尽最大努力实现两岸和平统一，绝不允许任何人以任何名义任何方式把台湾从祖国分割出去。
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/2007-10/16/content_6179103.htm 2. Chinese government’s prospect on communication of economy and culture between mainland and Taiwan
We will adhere to the major principles and policies for developing relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and promoting the peaceful reunification of our motherland in the new situation. We will continue to carry out cross-Straits negotiations, vigorously implement the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA), strengthen industrial cooperation, accelerate cooperation in and the development of emerging industries, finance and other modern service industries, and support qualified mainland enterprises to invest in Taiwan.
我们将坚持新形势下发展两岸关系、促进祖国和平统一的大政方针和各项政策。继续推进两岸协商，积极落实两岸经济合作框架协议，加强产业合作，加快新兴产业、金融等现代服务业合作发展，支持有条件的大陆企业赴台投资。（支持海峡西岸经济区在推进两岸交流合作中发挥先行先试作用。深入开展两岸社会各界交流，积极拓展两岸文化教育合作。增进两岸政治互信，巩固两岸关系和平发展的政治基础，共同维护两岸关系和平发展的良好局面。我们坚信，只要海内外中华儿女继续共同努力奋斗，祖国和平统一大业一定能够实现！）
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/2011-03/24/content_14679538.htm
3. Festival charter flights on both sides
The flight signalled the extension of the cross-Straits charter flight service, which used to be restricted to the Spring Festival. Eva Airways has prepared moon-cakes and other traditional Mid-Autumn Festival refreshments for passengers, said Liu Yingjun, the airline's public relations officer. Eva Airways had scheduled another round-trip charter flight between Taipei and Shanghai on October 8, Liu added.
Together with Eva Airways, 11 other airlines from the mainland and Taiwan will run a total of 24 round-trip charter flights until October 13. The flights will run from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou on the mainland to Taipei and Kaohsiung in
Taiwan Province. The charter services are in line with a landmark agreement reached between Taiwan and the mainland, which also allows similar flights for other traditional Chinese holidays including the Qingming Festival, the Dragon Boat
Festival and the Spring Festival. The two sides exchanged non-stop charter flights for the first time in more than 50 years during the Spring Festival in 2005
两岸包机原本只限于春节，此次中秋包机标志着两岸节日包机服务范围的进一步扩大。 长荣航空公司公共关系部经理刘英军说，长荣航空公司为乘客们准备了月饼和其他一些传统中秋点心。
刘经理说，长荣航空将在10月8日再飞一个从台北至上海的往返航班。
除长荣航空外，截止至10月13日，两岸还将有11家航空公司执飞往返包机共24架次。
这些包机航班将从北京、上海和广州飞往台北和高雄市。
两岸节日包机服务符合两岸达成的重要协议精神，主要在中秋节、清明节、端午节和春节等我国传统节日期间提供包机服务。 2005年春节，两岸50年来首次实现直飞包机。
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/index.html 4. Anti-secession law
The Bush administration has labelled as \"unhelpful\" a Chinese law authorizing the use of military force to prevent Taiwan from formally declaring its independence and urged Beijing to reconsider the measure. In a highly anticipated announcement, Beijing on Tuesday released details of the planned new anti-secession bill during its annual session of parliament. China has considered Taiwan a renegade province since communist forces drove nationalists from the mainland in 1949, and has repeatedly threatened to use military power against the island if it declares independence.
白宫对中国人大提出的反分裂法草案做出语气温和的回应，呼吁北京在立法上要慎重考虑。
虽然白宫表示草案对于目前趋向缓和的两岸关系没有正面的推动，但是也重申美国坚持“一个中国”政策和不支持台独的立场。 白宫发言人麦克莱伦称，美国担心反分裂法会以非和平方式决定台湾的未来，对台湾采取的某种行动采取惩罚性措施。
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-03/09/content_423191.htm
世界读书日
电子书：smart phone 普及阅读：Democratised reading 技术不断加速发展：accelerating technology 时间越来越少：Increasing time poverty 集中注意力的时间越来越短：Diminishing attention spans
把…投入…：Invest …sinking into 现实世界的琐碎生活：Chatter of the real world 深度阅读： kind of deep reading 感同身受：Empathetic 保护知识产权:The protection of intellectual property
纪念意义的一天: a symbolic date 致敬: Gain a renewed respect
不可磨灭贡献: irreplaceable contributions 世界读书日:World book and Copyright Day
国际文化亲善年：International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures. 基石：Foundation stone 必要的支撑：Essential underpinning 理所当然应当是：Is –or should be –
个人发展和幸福旅程：Individual voyages of personal development and pleasure 提升:Open up 更胜一筹：Equal and extend the corridors of the web
专注于：Evangelical about 不再自我反省：No longer wired for solitary reflection 联合国教科文组织:United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization (UNESCO)
（1）2012世界读书日：我们为什么要阅读
文档来源：互联网 本站：武汉美术网 网址：www.027ART.com 时间：2012-4-18
看纸质书还是电子书并不重要，重要的是沉迷于阅读中的那种感觉。读书对人类的发展非常重要。
我们为什么要费神去读书呢？所有的孩子都曾经问过这个问题。英国有1200万成年人存在阅读困难的问题，他们每天也会这样问自己。从约翰内斯·古腾堡普及阅读至今已有500年了，在这样一个技术不断加速发展的世界，人们感觉时间越来越少，能集中注意力的时间也越来越短，为什么还要把宝贵的时间投入到一本好书上呢？
研究发现阅读会从生理上改变我们的大脑，当我们回想一下一本特别的书是如何转变我们的世界观的时候，就会立刻地理解这种变化。只有当我们在情感上和精神上忽视现实世界的琐碎生活、完全沉迷于书中的时候，这种转变才会发生。这就是为什么研究发现深度阅读会让我们更加感同身受。或者说，正如美国作家
尼古拉斯·卡尔在他的著作《读者的梦》中所描述的那样， “阅读能使人更容易注意到他人的内心生活。”
It doesn't matter if books are delivered in print or by smart phone; the main thing is to get lost in reading them. Reading books is vital for human development.
Why should we bother reading a book? All children say this occasionally. Many of the 12 million adults in Britain with reading difficulties repeat it to themselves daily. But for the first time in the 500 years since Johannes Gutenberg democratised reading, in a world of accelerating technology, increasing time poverty and diminishing attention spans, should they invest precious time sinking into a good book?
The discovery that our brains are physically changed by the experience of reading is something many of us will understand instinctively, as we think back to the way an extraordinary book had a transformative effect on the way we viewed the world. This transformation only takes place when we lose ourselves in a book, abandoning the emotional and mental chatter of the real world. That's why studies have found this kind of deep reading makes us more empathetic, or as Nicholas Carr puts it in his essay, The Dreams of Readers, \"more alert to the inner lives of others\".
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（2）2012世界读书日：我们为什么要阅读
所属：沪江英语 难度：容易 作者：沪江英语 来源：guardian.co.uk 评论：9
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从理性角度来说，我们理解阅读是所有教育的基石，因而也是知识经济必要的支撑。所以阅读理所当然应当是公共政策的一部分。但可能更重要的是，它作为通向个人发展和幸福旅程的起点时扮演的感性角色。与网络相比，书籍在提升我们的情感、想象力和历史观方面更胜一筹。书籍也有助于创建和增强我们的自我感。
如果阅读能力显著下降，人类的天性也会发生变化。如果我们将来不再自我反省、不再有创造性的思维，人类势必会消亡。不过技术给我们带来了很多挑战的同时，也为我们提供了多种解决方案：每关闭一扇门，另一扇门就会打开。电子书、智能手机、平板电脑这些设备让你在手中托起整个图书馆，这是一个绝好的机遇。出版商需要利用每一种新兴技术把长期阅读融入到我们的文化中。我们应该把注意力集中在信息本身，而不该为传播载体而烦恼。我们应该忽视平台而专注于内容。
我们也要更好地利用互联网，为读者也包括潜在的读者提供每年值得看的新书信息，让他们重新熟识丰富多彩的传统文学精粹。研究表明，如果我们停止阅读，我们会变得不同：没那么精细、没那么善解人意，没那么有趣。再也没有比这更好的理由来努力保护图书的未来了。
Rationally, we know that reading is the foundation stone of all education, and therefore an essential underpinning of the knowledge economy. So reading is – or should be – an aspect of public policy. But perhaps even more significant is its emotional role as the starting point for individual voyages of personal development and pleasure. Books can open up emotional, imaginative and historical landscapes that equal and extend the corridors of the web. They can help create and reinforce our sense of self.
If reading were to decline significantly, it would change the very nature of our species. If we, in the future, are no longer wired for solitary reflection and creative thought, we will be diminished. However, technology throws up as many solutions as it does challenges: for every door it closes, another opens. So the ability, offered by devices like e-readers, smart phones and tablets, to carry an entire library in your hand is an amazing opportunity. Publishers need to use every new piece of technology to embed long-form reading within our culture. We should concentrate on the message, not agonize over the medium. We should be agnostic on the platform, but evangelical about the content.
We must also get better at harnessing the ability of the internet to inform readers, and potential readers, about all the extraordinary new books that are published every year, and to renew their acquaintance with the best of rich literary tradition. The research shows that if we stop reading, we will be different people: less intricate, less empathetic, less interesting. There can hardly be a better reason for fighting to protect the future of the book.
（3）世纪读书日：今天你阅读了吗？
所属：沪江英语 难度：容易 来源：unesco 评论：75 阅读：6547
通过在全世界范围内发起“世界读书日”的活动，联合国教科文组织借此推进阅读、出版和保护知识产权。
4月23日对世界文学而言是很有纪念意义的一天。这一天，同样也诞生或死亡了很多著名作家。所以联合国教科文组织选择这一天作为世界读书日、以此唤起世界人民对图书、对作者的尊敬就不难理解了。这一天旨在鼓励人们、尤其是年轻人发现阅读的快乐，并由此向为人类社会及文化发展做出过不可磨灭贡献的作者们致敬。
今年，世界读书日将会在“国际文化亲善年”的主旨下一同开展。
By celebrating this Day throughout the world, UNESCO seeks to promote reading, publishing and the protection of intellectual property through copyright.
23 April: a symbolic date for world literature for on this date. It was a natural choice for UNESCO's General Conference to pay a world-wide tribute to books and authors on this date, encouraging everyone, and in particular young people, to discover the pleasure of reading and gain a renewed respect for the irreplaceable contributions of those who have furthered the social and cultural progress of humanity.
This year, the World book and Copyright Day will be celebrated in the framework of the International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures.
（4）世界读书日的由来
来源：东方网 作者：顾德伟 时间：2012年04月21日 17:30
书籍是人类知识和文化的载体，是人类智慧的结晶。它能够突破时间和空间的限制，实现不同时代、不同地域的知识和文化的传播、交流和融合。读书是人们获取知识和信息的重要手段，是人类吸取精神能量的重要途径。1972年，联合国教科文组织向全世界发出了“走向阅读社会”的号召，要求社会成员人人读书，让读书成为人们日常生活不可或缺的部分。
为提高公众对阅读的兴趣和促进图书出版，联合国教科文组织2001年在“世界读书日”的框架下发起了“世界图书首都计划”，并宣布西班牙首都马德里为当年的“世界图书首都”。此后每年都有一座城市被联合国教科文组织授予“世界图书首都”的称号。
Book is the carrier of human knowledge and culture, and also is a crystallization of human wisdom. It can breakthrough the limit of time and space, the spread, communication and integration of the knowledge and culture from different ages and regions can be realized. Reading not only is the vital means to gain knowledge and information, but also is the most important way for people to absorb spirit energy. In 1972, United Nations educational, scientific and cultural organization (UNESCO) called on the whole world to “enter reading society”, and required everyone to read, made reading be an indispensable part of people’s daily life.
In order to promote people to be interested in reading and make books come off the press, in 2001 UNESCO launched “the world book capital plan” under the framework of “World book and Copyright Day” and declared the capital of Spain Madrid to be “world book capital” at that time. Since then, every year a city awarded the title of the book's capital by UNESCO.
5 狄更斯诞辰200周年
专业术语：文豪 great writer 威斯敏斯特教堂Westminster Abbey 王储 crown prince
查林十字剧院Charing Cross Theatre 艾美奖 Emmy Award 朴茨茅斯Portsmouth
献花仪式 Wreath laying ceremony 应景 to do something for the occasion 文学巨匠Literary giant 义务讲解员 commentator for free 如数家珍as if enumerating one's family valuables
《尼古拉斯?尼克贝》Nicholas Nickleby 《匹克威克外传》The Pickwick Papers 《圣诞欢歌》A Christmas Carol 《大卫?科波菲尔德》、David Copperfield 《小杜丽》Little Dorrit 《双城记》A Tale of Two Cities 《雾都孤儿》Oliver Twist 《荒凉山庄》Bleak House 《艰难时世》Hard Times
（1）1812年2月7日 英国著名作家狄更斯诞辰 来源：人民网 2010年02月07日00:24
狄更斯先生，就是英国19世纪杰出(outstanding)的批判现实主义作家(critical realism writer)，他的全名(full name)叫查理斯?狄更斯(Charles Dickens)。他生于1812年2月7日。他出身贫苦(born on the wrong side of the tracks)，12岁就当学徒(apprentice)，开始独立谋生(cut adrift)。他的第一部长篇小说《匹克威克外传》(The Pickwick Papers)发表于1836年，从此他一举成名(began to spring into fame)。之后，34年中他又完成10多部长篇小说（novel），著名的有《圣诞欢歌》(A Christmas Carol)、《大卫?科波菲尔德》(David Copperfield)、《小杜丽》(Little Dorrit)等。
由于狄更斯的童年时代生活很贫苦，饱受压迫的欺凌(suffering bullying from oppression)，因而在他的笔下，创造出一个个善良而受侮辱(kindhearted and insulted)的儿童形象，深深打动了当时英国的小读者，以致当狄更斯于1870年6月9日逝世（pass away）的消息传出时，居然有一个孩子大哭起来：“唔——狄更斯先生死了，那么，那么圣诞老人(Santa Claus)也要死了吗？” （2）英纪念狄更斯诞辰200周年（anniversary）
来源：东方早报 记者：钱恋水 发表于2012-02-09 01:45 http://www.dfdaily.com/html/150/2012/2/9/739737.shtml
2月7日是英国文豪(great writer)狄更斯的200周年诞辰。 当地时间2月7日，演员拉尔夫?法因斯(Ralph Fiennes)在英国伦敦威斯敏斯特教堂(Westminster Abbey)朗读作家查尔斯?狄更斯的作品。当天，英国多地举行活动，纪念作家查尔斯?狄更斯诞辰200周年(the 200 anniversary of Charles Dickens’ birth)。王储查尔斯(The crown prince Charles)和狄更斯后人在狄更斯落葬地(cemetery)威斯敏斯特教堂参加纪念活动(commemorative activity)。狄更斯出生于1812年，1870年逝世，是英国19世纪著名批判现实主义小说家(novelist of critical realism)，描述英国社会底层“小人物”的生活境遇(living conditions)，反映当时社会现实(social reality)，代表作包括《双城记》《雾都孤儿》《荒凉山庄》和《艰难时世》(His representative works includes A Tale of Two Cities ,Oliver Twist, Bleak House and Hard Times)
（3）音乐剧《双城记》 纪念狄更斯两百周年诞辰
来源：每日邮报 作者：Martin Chilton 2012年02月08日10:00 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/index.html
今年四月，由鲍尔?尼可拉斯（Paul Nicholas）执导(directed)的音乐剧版《双城记》(the melodrama of A Tale of Two Cities)将在伦敦查林十字剧院(Charing Cross theatre)上演。该剧的音乐由大卫?帕玛伦兹（David Pomeranz）创作，曾经获得艾美奖(the Emmy award)的斯蒂芬?大卫?豪威奇（Steven David Horwich）为该剧写作了歌词(writes lyrics)并和大卫?索阿梅斯（David Soames）合作了剧本(cooperate play)。这部剧基于(based on)狄更斯最受人欢迎的故事之一，讲述了一个男人为爱而做出的牺牲(makes a lot of sacrificest)，以19世纪的法国大革命和伦敦社会(the French Revolution of nineteenth Century and the London society)为背景。
这部由狄更斯名作改编的音乐剧(melodrama adapted by Dickens masterpiece)正值
查尔斯?狄更斯诞辰200周年。英国进行了一系列的纪念活动(commemorative events)，包括2月7日在西敏寺(Westminster Abbey)以及诗人诞生地朴茨茅斯(Portsmouth)举行的献花仪式(wreath laying ceremony)。这一天西敏寺(Westminster Abbey)为成为了史上最大一次维多利亚时期.(the Victorian period)作家以及文学、电影、戏剧和媒体等各行业后代(the offspring)的聚会。查尔斯王子届时(at the appointed time)将在狄更斯1870年下葬的墓前献花圈(lay a wreath)。 除此以外，一名刚刚从伦敦大学退休的教授出版了《狄更斯字典》；英国皇家邮政(Royal Mail)发行了十枚一组(a set with ten pieces of stamps)的邮票；就连谷歌都在这一天应景(do sth. for the occasion)地换上了狄更斯主题的图标(icons of Dickens’ theme)。
（4）伦敦纪念狄更斯诞辰200周年
博宝艺术网http://news.artxun.com来源:温州网2012-02-08 15:49:20
新华网伦敦2月7日电(记者白旭李芮) 7日午后安静的伦敦道蒂街上，一辆车缓缓停在48号的绿色大门外。两名中年女子下了车，把一束红、黄玫瑰花插在门上。车上一对白发苍苍(grey-haired)的老人推开车门观看。这里是英国文学巨匠(Literary giant)查尔斯?狄更斯在伦敦的故居(former residence)。他在1837年至1839年曾住在这里。7日是狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念日(anniversary)，很多人来这里缅怀(cherish the memory of)他。现已成为世界知名博物馆的狄更斯故居(former residence)见证了他创作生涯(writing career)的一个重要阶段(important stage)。在这里，他完成了代表作(representative works)之一《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)和他的第一部浪漫主义作品(romantic works)《尼古拉斯?尼克贝》(Nicholas Nickleby)。
博物馆的工作人员说，这里每年接待游客3万多人次，最忙的时候每天有两三百人。保罗?邦尼(Paul Bonnie)是博物馆的义务讲解员(commentator for free)。这位文质彬彬( gentle and refined in manner)的中年人看上去像是一名学者(scholar)，他谈起狄更斯的作品如数家珍(as if enumerating his family valuables)。他告诉记者，狄更斯常常晚上行走于大街小巷(high streets and back lanes)，了解世间百态(Focus of Life)，然后把这些写到他的作品中。一个例子就是《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)里面的布朗罗(Brownlow)。“狄更斯认识他，他在一家医院工作。”邦尼说。书中这位绅士被抢劫也确有其事(be a case)，发生地点就在离这里不远的地方。
（5）全球纪念狄更斯诞辰200周年
来源：北京青年报 作者：朱玲 2012年02月08日12:19
“这是最好的时代，这是最坏的时代。”（\"It was the best time, it was the worst time.\" ）狄更斯《双城记》的经典开篇(classical forewords)迄今(up to now)为世人共鸣(struck a responsive chord in all readers)。昨天是19世纪杰出批判现实主义作家(critical realist writer)狄更斯诞辰200周年。包括英国在内的全球超过50个国家展开了形式多样(various)的纪念活动（commemorative activities），包括正在英国伦敦博物馆举办的名为“狄更斯与伦敦”的展览等。
作为“狄更斯2012”活动的重要组成部分（component parts）之一，“狄更斯与伦敦”的展览从去年启动（start），将持续（last）至今年6月10日。这是英国自1970年以来首个有关狄更斯的大型展览(large exhibition)，通过影像、实物、图片资料(image, object, picture date)等揭示了(reveal)狄更斯的个人经历、创
作背景及其著作的现实意义(realistic meaning) ，展品(exhibits)包括狄更斯写作时用的书桌、椅子和记账本(pocket book)等不少生活用品(supplies)。
主题：占领华尔街
1．译前准备之术语准备
抗议矛头 protest against 抗议浪潮the wave of protests 金融系统弊病Financial system ills
高失业率high unemployment 相应责任corresponding responsibility 政治决策political decision静坐（peaceful sit-in）高举标语（hold placards）喊口号（chant slogans 政府监管不力government regulatory inaction 社会运动 social movements证券交易所stock exchange
蔓延 spread to 工会 union 深层次问题 underlying problems 金融巨头financial giants
示威浪潮Demonstration wave 压倒性呼声Overwhelming voice
席卷sweep over 政府议员 government senator 现状 current situation 作出调整 make an adjustment 边缘化群体marginalised group 达成所愿get its way 草根运动 \"grass-roots\" movement
2．译前准备之主题知识准备
从9月17日起，纽约爆发了一场名为“占领华尔街”的民众抗议活动，并一直持续至今。。抗议活动的矛头主要指向华尔街“贪婪”、金融系统弊病和政府监管不力，以及高失业率等社会问题。抗议者认为，美国1%最富有的人群掌握着美国社会财富的40%，却没有承担相应的责任。示威者通过和平静坐、示威游行、高举标语和喊口号等方式抗议“华尔街”的贪婪，矛头直指华尔街的金融机构。
占领华尔街正向规模浩大的社会运动演变，暴露出了美国经济、政治和社会领域中存在的诸多深层次问题，可能对美国未来的政治决策产生一定影响。这次抗议活动最初由一家名为《广告克星》的网络杂志发起，行动口号为“占领华尔街”。最初只有几十个年轻人在纽约证券交易所门前扎营，随后规模越来越大，并蔓延到多个城市，并得到工会和学生的支持。http://baike.baidu.com/view/6581763.htm
反对华尔街金融巨头、强烈要求对富人增税是 这场示威浪潮中的压倒性呼声。这也正符合奥巴马目前正在推动的几项经济政策，例如对富人增税等
美国总统奥巴马表示，他对举行游行的民众表示一定的理解，称“他们是在为对美国金融体系不满的人们代言。”http://news.stnn.cc/guoji/201110/t20111008_1650411.html
抗议范围不断扩大，抗议活动已经扩展到美国上下，100多个城市卷入到抗议活动中来，可能还会吸引全世界大大小小更多城市，而在加拿大，抗议活动已经席卷了温哥华，甚至政府方面目前有几个议员已经表示要支持抗议者了。
一些大学生也参与到此次运动中来，布蕾•莱姆比茨是美国马萨诸塞大学(University of Massachusetts)国际政治经济学专业的大四学生，在“占领华尔街”示威活动中做组织工作。为此，莱姆比茨特地休学一个学期。他说他要，美国目前的体制已经行不通了，必须找到解决的办法。“我们的抗议就是要发出草根的声音，让社会来关注这些平日被边缘化的群体，并吸引更多人和媒体的参与。只要我们团结起来，让政府真正代表我们９９％普通美国民众的利益，我相信这场抗议活动会为美国社会带来变化”。 http://www.news.cn/ 新华网
我认为占领华尔街表达了美国人对现有的体系不满，希望将现有的体系打破，但无法提出一个新的，获得所有人认可的新提议，这是美国现在“占领华尔街”的现状。或许这只是一个姿态，逼迫当局、银行、金融作出调整，但是否会达成所愿，仍然是未知的 总的来说，这次运动是草根运动也是市民们谋求更好生活的一次努力，也是试图通过这个活动影响政府决策的一次重要的尝试（http://www.cnr.cn/ 中国广播网）
中国茶文化
中国几千年的茶文化、茶知识博大精深，是我们引以为自豪的千年文化传承cultural inheritance。同时，茶文化亦是东方文化瑰宝，它的美，它的意境artistic conception ，是我们每一个人都无法抗拒的。The thousands years of tea culture and tea knowledge is profoud which is the proud cultural heritage for us. It is also the treature of oriental cultural,we all could not resist its beauty and artistic conception. 茶文化的内涵其实就是中国文化的内涵一种具体表现，谈茶文化必须结合中国汉文化知识the knowledge of Chinese culture而论之。中国素有礼仪之邦之称谓the title if the state of ceremonies，茶文化的精神内涵the connotation of tea culture即是通过沏茶tea-making、赏茶tea-appreciating、闻茶、饮茶、品茶tea-tasting等习惯和中华的文化内涵礼相结合形成的一种具有鲜明中国文化特征的一种文化现象，也可以说是一种礼节etiquette现象phenomenon。 茶道知识tea ceremony
通过品茶活动来表现一定的礼节etiquette、人品、意境、美学观点和精神思想的一种饮茶艺术。它是茶艺与精神的结合，并通过茶艺表现精神。兴于中国唐代，
盛rise于宋、明代，衰fall于清代。中国茶道的主要内容讲究五境之美，即茶叶、茶水、火候、茶具、环境，同时配以情绪等条件，
Tea-tasting is a kind of art to show people’s etiquette,character and their artistic views on it.It is the combination of tea art and spirit and it show the spirits through
Tea-tasting.Chinese tea ceremony devotes care on tea leaves,tea water,heat,tea set and environment,there are also some other conditions,like mood,to pursue the pefect match of the taste and the mind.
以求“味”和“心”的最高享受。被称为美学宗教，以和、敬、清、寂为基本精神的日本茶道，则是承唐宋遗风。人们学习茶道，要完全掌握个中道理，得花长久时间。从简单茶礼开始，从基础礼规到基本常识，学习过程简约而富有趣味。既可加深体认中国优秀文化，又可培养出耐性和宽容心develop spirit of the patience and tolerance，生活中，学习和参悟penetrate茶道机理，会有助于增进亲子关系make the parentage close，提高情商水平improve EQ level，增强体能体质strengthen the physique，好处实在多不胜数。 龙井Dragon Well
西湖龙井茶，因产于中国杭州西湖的龙井茶区而得名。中国十大名茶之一。龙井既是地名，又是泉名和茶名。特级西湖龙井茶扁平光滑挺直，色泽嫩绿光润，香气鲜嫩清高，滋味鲜爽甘醇，叶底细嫩呈朵。西湖龙井是绿茶的一种，因产地place of production和制法ways of making不同，分为龙井、旗枪、大方三种。西湖龙井位列我国十大名茶之一，具有1200多年历史，西湖龙井茶产于西湖四周的群山之中，其品质特点是：外形扁平挺秀，色泽绿翠，内质清香味醇，泡在杯中，芽叶色绿，好比出水芙蓉natural and loveable as the lotus just out of water，栩栩如生true to life 。西湖龙井茶素以“色绿、香郁、味甘、形美”四绝称著。
茶马古道“Tea Horse” Road
茶马古道是指存在于中国西南地区southwest of China ，以马帮为主要交通工具communication media的民间nongovernmental国际商贸通道international business channel，是中国西南民族经济文化交流的走廊，茶马古道是一个非常特殊的地域称谓，是一条世界上自然风光e最壮观the most spectacular naturallandsca，文化最为神秘的旅游绝品线路the most mysterious route，它蕴藏contain着开发不尽的文化遗产cultural heritage。
茶马古道，是中国历史上内地农业地区和边疆frontier region游牧业nomadic herding地区之间进行茶马贸易所形成的古代交通路线。茶马贸易trade in tea and horse，是以中原地区的茶和边疆少数民族地区的“马”为载体所开展的贸易活动trading。茶马古道是世界上历史最悠久time-honored、海拔最高altitude、地势最险、路程最长的古商贸通道，也是世界上地势最高的文明传播古道，是与古代中国对外交流的海上之道、西域之道、南方丝绸之路相并列的又一条国际通道。
茶改变世界
饮茶的普及使英国的文明程度显著提升，甚至改变了英国人的民族性格。英国人在知道饮茶之前，少数上层人家可以享用咖啡、可可等饮料，多数人主要饮用杜松子酒gin flzz 、啤酒等，经常饮用这些带酒精的饮料，使许多男人养成了一种好斗的性格，举止粗鲁的决斗；习惯饮茶之后，英国人的性格气质逐渐从好战warlike、寻衅provoke转变为较为温和gental、较少的暴力倾向abusive，即我们经常所说的绅士风度gentalmen。由此也可以想见，中国人较为温和的性格与长期饮茶也可能有直接的关系。饮茶还改变了英国人的生活节奏pace of life和饮食结构diet structure 。原来中上等人家早餐要吃很多的肉和啤酒，而今改变为吃少量的肉，伴之以面包、糕点和热饮，尤其是茶；以前晚餐较早，而今加入了富有诗意和民族特色的下午茶afternoon tea，晚饭一般推迟到了七八点钟。深入人心porpular的饮茶习俗custom以及颇具特色unique的茶文化，使得英国与欧洲大陆其他国家如此的不同，是一件颇为耐人寻味的事情thoughtful thing。
京都议定书
一、译前准备之术语准备：
United nations framework convention on climate change, UNFCCC 《联合国气候变化框架公约》
Supplementary term 补充条款 Greenhouse gas emissions 温室气体排放量
GHG，greenhouse gas，温室气体 Stabilization 稳定
Anthropogenic interference 人为干预 Renegade,叛徒，变节者 Penalty， 处罚， 罚款，罚金 Lapse 失效， 流失
Row over 从容胜过，一路领先 scaling up, 按比例额放大 severe budget deficits， 严峻地财政赤字 the secretary-general 秘书长
industrialized nations，工业化国家 emerging economies，新兴市场国家 expires，到期的，有效期 catastrophic，灾难性的，悲惨的
二、译前准备之主题知识准备 a、The kyoto protocol
The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997 and entered in to force on 16 February 2005. It is a protocol to the United Nation Framework Convention on climate Change
(UNFCCC or FCCC). And this protocol aimed at fighting global warming.
The UNFCCC is an international environmental treaty with the goal of achieving the “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
The main objective is to contain emissions of the main anthropogenic greenhouse gases in ways that reflect underlying national differences in GHG emissions, wealth, and capacity to make the reductions. The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is the “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. The developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels of GHG emissions in
the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity; the Protocol places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities.” Under this principle the developing country take the duty to emission GHG without legally binding.
http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php
b、Canada pulled out of the Kyoto Protocol
The drop of Canada had made a symbolic blow to the troubled global treaty since it is the first country to formally withdraw from Kyoto, which it says is badly flawed because it does not cover all major emitters of greenhouse gasses. The news came as little surprise, especially since the right-of-center conservatives took power in 2006 and made it clear they would not stick to Canada’s Kyoto commitments. They didn’t agree to extend the protocol due to the enormous financial penalties. This announcement will affect the reputation of Canada as an international renegade on the climate. Green group awarded the country their fossil of rhe year award for its performance in Durban. Many environmentalists blasted this items that they think catastrophic climate change will cost them far more than they saved today.
http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2011-12/13/c_111238068.htm
c、Bonn climate talks: EU plays down talk of Kyoto protocol rift
Officials insist agreement can be reached despite row over length of new Kyoto deal EU wants to extend the extension of the Kyoto protocol before it lapses at the end of this year In return for an agreement from all nations that a new binding treaty will be finalized by 2015 and enacted by 2020. The developing country insisting the treaty should continue to be enforced over five-year commitment periods. And the least developed country and the alliance for small island states warned that an eight-year commitment would allow industrialized nations to delay action to curb emissions. US, Japan, Russia, and Canada, have signaled they will not sign up to an extension of Kyoto, while large emerging economies will only sign up to an agreement that does not impose binding emission reduction targets on them.
EU finance ministers had only delivered a vague pledge to “work in a constructive manner towards the identification of a path for scaling up climate finance from 2013 to 2020”. Developing countries are fearful that with industrialized nations facing increasingly severe budget deficits there could be a funding gap for green projects after the current commitment to provide up to $30 billion of \"fast-track\" climate funding lapses in 2013.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/may/16/bonn-climate-talks-eu-kyoto
d、US should been in the lead place
Mr. Ban praised America's role in developing innovative technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Speaking Thursday to a group of students at U.N. headquarters, the secretary-general noted that, while Washington has not signed the Kyoto Protocol on climate change, discussions in the Bush administration and in Congress have raised public awareness about global warming. Mr. Ban expressed hope that the United States, the world's largest greenhouse gas emitter, would take the political lead in searching for a successor to the Kyoto treaty which expires in 2012. \"I hope that the United States, while they have taken their role in innovative technologies, as well as promote cleaner energies, will also take lead in these very important and urgent issues which international community must look for beyond the Kyoto Protocol for the common prosperity of the human being in the future.\"
In his speech to the students, Mr. Ban described himself as a child of the Korean War, and recalled his youth in South Korea under the constant threat of a nuclear winter. But he said the environmental threat facing the globe today is just as serious.
http://app.hujiang.com/listen/5951/###
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