中华猕猴桃根乙酸乙酯部分化学成分研究
作者:崔莹
来源:《湖北农业科学》2016年第20期
摘要:对中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)根乙酸乙酯部分的化学成分进行研究,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取中华猕猴桃根的醇提取物,应用多种色谱技术对乙酸乙酯部分进行分离和纯化,通过波谱数据分析(MS,1H-NMR,13C-NMR)进行结构鉴定。结果表明,从乙酸乙酯萃取部分分离得到6个化合物,经鉴定为2α,24-二羟基乌苏酸、Jacoumaric acid、2α,3α,23-三羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸、2α,3α,23-三羟基-12,20(30)-二烯-28-乌苏酸、3β,6α-二羟基豆甾烷、SitoindosideⅠ。其中化合物1、2、5、6首次从该植物中分离鉴定。
关键词:中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.);三萜;甾体
中图分类号:R284.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2016)20-5359-03 DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.20.048
Abstract: To study the chemical constituents from the root of Actinidia chinensis. The root of Actinidia chinensis was extracted with 95% EtOH. The EtOH extract was suspended in H2O and extracted with petroleum ether,EtOAc and BuOH successively. The compounds were isolated with column chromatography from the EtOAc fraction,and elucidated on the basis of spectral analyses(MS,1H-NMR,13C-NMR). The results showed that six compounds were isolated from the root of Actinidia chinensis,and the structures were identified as 2α,24-dihydroxyursolic acid,Jacoumaric acid,2α,3α,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid,2α,3α,23-trihydroxyurs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid, Stigmastane-3β,6α-diol,SitoindosideⅠ. Compounds 1、2、5 and 6 were obtained from the root of Actinidia chinensis for the first time. Key words:Actinidia chinensis; triterpenoids; sterides
中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)为猕猴桃科猕猴桃属浆果类藤本果树[1],主要分布在中国东部。其根部入药,具有解热解毒、生津润燥、活血消肿、祛风利湿、散热止血等功效,主治黄疸、消化不良、风湿、跌打损伤、胃癌、乳腺癌等[2,3]。本研究在前人研究的基础上,对乙酸乙酯萃取部分进行分离,得到4个三萜类化合物,2个甾体类化合物。 1 材料与方法 1.1 试验材料
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1.1.1 材料 中华猕猴桃根采自贵州省凯里市,由中国科学院昆明植物研究所的雷立公博士鉴定为中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)的干燥根。
1.1.2 试剂与仪器 EI-MS用70 Ev电子轰击源;MS用VG Auto Spec 3000型质谱仪测定;1H-NMR和13C-NMR(DEPT)采用DRX 500及Bruker AM 400核磁共振光谱仪(TMS作为内标);柱色谱硅胶(200~300目)、薄层色谱硅胶GF254为青岛海洋化工厂生产;Rp-C8、Rp-C18薄层板、柱色谱材料为Merck公司生产。 1.2 提取与分离
中华猕猴桃干燥根10 kg,粉碎后用95%乙醇回流提取3次,每次2 h,减压浓缩得浸膏。浸膏加适量水悬浮后,依次用石油醚(60~90 ℃)、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取并减压浓缩,取乙酸乙酯部分用氯仿-甲醇溶解后,与硅胶(200~300目)按照质量比1∶1拌样,待溶剂挥干后,进行硅胶(400 g,200~300目)柱层析,依次用不同体积比的氯仿/甲醇溶液(100∶0、98∶2、95∶5、90∶10、80∶20)洗脱,薄层色谱法检测并合并相似流分,得到F1~F6共6个组分。F3组分经硅胶柱色谱,石油醚/丙酮(70∶30、65∶35、60∶40)洗脱得到组分1~5。第5组分经硅胶柱色谱,氯仿/丙酮(95∶5、90∶10、85∶15、82∶20)洗脱,再反复经反相RP-18柱层析,甲醇/水(75∶25)洗脱,分离得到化合物1(28 mg)、化合物2(41 mg)、化合物3(78 mg)、化合物4(50 mg);第4组分经硅胶柱色谱,用氯仿/丙酮(90∶10、85∶15)洗脱,再进行反相RP-C18柱层析,用甲醇/水(80∶20、90∶10、100∶0)洗脱,分离得到化合物5(212 mg)、化合物6(4 mg)。 1.3 化合物结构鉴定
对分离得到的6个化合物根据波谱数据进行分析,并结合其理化性质进行鉴定。 2 结果与分析
化合物1为白色无定型粉末(甲醇),1H-NMR (500 MHz,C5D5N)δ:0.93(3H,d,J=5.8 Hz),0.96(3H,d,J=5.7 Hz),0.95, 0.99, 1.18, 1.58(3H, s, 4×CH3),2.60(1H,d,J=11.3 Hz,H-18),3.56(1H,d,J=9.4 Hz,H-24a),3.70(1H,d,J=10.8 Hz,H-3),4.28(1H,m,H-2),4.44(1H,d,J=10.9 Hz,H-24b),5.44(1H,brs,H-12);13C-NMR(125 MHz,C5D5N)δ: 47.9(C-1),68.7(C-2), 5.7 (C-3), 44.0 (C-4), 56.4 (C-5), 19.3 (C-6), 33.8 (C-7), 40.0 (C-8), 48.0 (C-9), 38.2 (C-10), 24.2 (C-11), 125.5 (C-12), 139.3 (C-13), 42.5 (C-14), 28.6 (C-15), 24.9 (C-16), 48.1 (C-17), 53.5 (C-18), 39.5 (C-19), 39.5 (C-20), 31.1 (C-21), 37.4 (C-22), 24.2 (C-23), 65.7 (C-24), 17.5 (C-25), 17.4 (C-26), 23.9 (C-27), 179.9 (C-28), 17.3 (C-29), 21.4 (C-30)。以上数据与文献[4,5]对照,鉴定该化合物为2α, 24-二羟基乌苏酸(2α,24-dihydroxyursolic acid)。
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化合物2为白色无定型粉末(甲醇),1H-NMR (400 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 8.00 (1H, d, J = 15.7 Hz, H-3′), 7.56 (2H, m, H-5′, 3′), 7.15 (2H, m, H-6′, 8′), 6.67 (1H, d, J = 14.0 Hz), 5.46 (1H, br s, H-12), 5.26 (1H, d, J = 9.8 Hz, H-3), 4.29 (1H, td, J = 3.4, 14.6 Hz, H-2), 2.63(1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz, H-18), 1.12 (3H, s), 1.04 (3H, d, J = 8.7 Hz, H-30), 1.03 (3H, s), 0.98(3H, s), 0.96(3H, s), 0.96 (3H, s), 0.95 (3H, d, J = 4.8 Hz, H-29); 13C-NMR (100 MHz,C5D5N) δ: 48.6 (C-1), 66.4 (C-2), 85.6 (C-3), 39.4 (C-4), 55.5 (C-5), 18.7 (C-6), 33.3 (C-7), 40.0 (C-8), 48.0 (C-9), 38.3 (C-10), 24.2 (C-11), 125.4 (C-12), 139.4(C-13), 42.5(C-14), 28.7(C-15),23.7(C-16),48.0(C-17),53.5(C-18), 39.5(C-19),39.4(C-20),29.0(C-21),37.5(C-22),29.0(C-23),17.5(C-24),16.9(C-25),17.4(C-26), 24.0(C-27),179.9(C-28),18.3(C-29),21.4(C-30), 167.9 (C-1′), 116.1 (C-2′), 144.8 (C-3′), 126.3 (C-4′), 130.6(C-5′), 116.8 (C-6′), 161.4 (C-7′), 116.8(C-8′),130.6(C-9′)。以上数据与文献[6]对照,鉴定该化合物为Jacoumaric acid。
化合物3为无色针状结晶(甲醇),1H-NMR (400 MHz, C5D5N)δ: 0.95(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-30), 0.98(3H, d, J = 6.1 Hz, H-29), 0.87, 1.01, 1.07, 1.14 (各3H, s, 3H×4), 2.62 (1H, d, J = 11.3 Hz, H-18), 3.77(1H, d, J = 10.7 Hz, H-23b), 3.93 (1H, d, J=10.7 Hz,H-23a),4.16(1H, d, J=2.2 Hz, H-3), 4.29 (1H, m, H-2), 5.46 (1H, brs, H-12); 13C-NMR(100 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 42.6(C-1), 66.3 (C-2), 78.9 (C-3), 40.1 (C-4), 43.5 (C-5), 18.3 (C-6), 33.2 (C-7), 41.9 (C-8), 48.0 (C-9), 38.4 (C-10), 23.7 (C-11), 125.6(C-12), 139.4(C-13), 42.8 (C-14), 28.6 (C-15), 24.9 (C-16), 48.0 (C-17), 53.6 (C-18), 39.4 (C-19), 39.4 (C-20), 31.1 (C-21), 37.4 (C-22), 71.3 (C-23), 17.2 (C-24), 17.5 (C-25), 17.6 (C-26), 23.9 (C-27), 180.0 (C-28), 17.8 (C-29), 21.4 (C-30)。以上数据与文献[7]对照,鉴定该化合物为2α, 3α, 23-三羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(2α, 3α, 23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-oic acid)。
化合物4为无色针状结晶(甲醇),1H-NMR (400 MHz,C5D5N) δ: 0.85, 0.97, 1.00, 1.13(各3H, s, 3H×4), 1.06(3H, d, J = 6.1 Hz, H-29), 2.72(1H, d, J = 11.7, H-18), 3.74(1H, J=10.7 Hz, H-23a), 3.92(1H, J=10.7 Hz, H-23b), 4.15(1H, brs, H-3), 4.28(1H, m, H-2), 4.73(1H, br s, H-30b), 4.78 (1H, brs, H-30a), 5.41 (1H, br s, H-12); 13C-NMR(100 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 42.0(C-1), 66.4 (C-2), 78.8 (C-3), 40.1 (C-4), 42.8 (C-5), 18.4 (C-6), 32.9 (C-7), 40.1 (C-8), 48.0 (C-9), 38.5 (C-10), 23.8 (C-11), 125.8 (C-12), 139.2 (C-13), 42.0 (C-14), 28.7 (C-15), 25.0 (C-16), 48.5 (C-17), 55.8 (C-18), 37.8 (C-19), 154.1 (C-20), 33.2 (C-21), 39.9 (C-22), 71.2 (C-23), 16.7 (C-24), 17.2(C-25), 17.7 (C-26), 23.8 (C-27), 179.3 (C-28), 17.9 (C-29), 105.0 (C-30)。以上数据与文献[8]对照,鉴定该化合物为2α, 3α, 23-三羟基-12,20(30)-二烯-28-乌苏酸(2α, 3α, 23-trihydroxyurs-12, 20(30)-dien-28-oic acid)。
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化合物5为白色无定型粉末(氯仿-甲醇),EI-MS m/z(%): 432 (M+, 9), 414 (30), 232 (41), 231 (64), 213 (35), 95 (100); 1H-NMR (C5D5N, 500 MHz) δ: 0.65 (3H, s, H-18), 0.84 (3H, d, J = 6.9 Hz, H-27), 0.86(3H, t, J = 6.9 Hz, H-29), 0.88 (3H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, H-26), 0.89(3H, s, H-19), 0.98(3H, d, J=6.4 Hz, H-21), 3.70 (1H, m, H-6), 3.94(1H, m, H-3); 13C-NMR(C5D5N5, 500 MHz) δ: 38.1 (C-1), 33.8 (C-2), 71.1 (C-3), 32.4 (C-4), 52.8 (C-5), 68.6 (C-6), 42.8 (C-7), 34.8 (C-8), 54.4 (C-9), 36.5 (C-10), 21.6 (C-11), 40.3 (C-12), 42.8 (C-13), 56.4 (C-14), 24.5 (C-15), 28.6 (C-16), 56.4 (C-17), 12.2 (C-18), 13.8 (C-19), 36.5 (C-20), 19.0 (C-21), 34.3 (C-22), 26.5 (C-23), 46.1 (C-24), 29.5 (C-25), 19.3 (C-26), 20.0 (C-27), 23.4 (C-28), 12.3 (C-29)。以上数据与文献[9]对照,鉴定该化合物为3β, 6α -二羟基豆甾烷(Stigmastane-3β, 6α-diol)。
化合物6为白色无定形粉末(氯仿),EI-MS m/z (%): 415(4), 398 (70), 397 (100), 381 (12), 329 (4), 275 (15), 255 (22), 215 (8), 147 (39), 145 (40), 133 (24), 121 (26), 109 (35), 95 (42), 85 (47), 69 (58), 57 (67)。1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.33 (1H, m, H-6), 4.36 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz, H-1′), 2.29 (2H, t, J = 7.4 Hz, H-2′), 1.24 (26H, br s, 脂肪长链CH2), 0.97(3H, s, H-19), 0.92 (3H, d, J = 5.6 Hz, H-21), 0.88(3H, d, J = 6.4 Hz, H-26), 0.84(3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz, H-29), 0.81(3H, d, J =7.0 Hz, H-27), 0.67(3H, s,H-18); 13C NMR(CDCl3, 100 MHz) δ: 37.3(C-1), 29.6 (C-2), 79.9 (C-3), 38.9 (C-4), 140.4 (C-5), 121.9 (C-6), 31.9 (C-7), 31.8 (C-8), 50.1 (C-9), 36.2(C-10), 21.1 (C-11), 39.8 (C-12), 42.3 (C-13), 56.7 (C-14), 24.3 (C-15), 28.2 (C-16), 56.2 (C-17), 11.8 (C-18), 19.4 (C-19), 36.6 (C-20), 19.0 (C-21), 33.9 (C-22), 29.4 (C-23), 45.7 (C-24), 26.2 (C-25), 18.7 (C-26), 19.8 (C-27), 23.0 (C-28), 11.9 (C-29), 101.3 (C-1'), 73.5 (C-2′), 76.2 (C-3′), 70.5 (C-4′), 73.1 (C-5′), 63.2 (C-6′), 173.9 (C-1″), 34.3 (C-2″), 25.0 (C-3″), 22.7 (C-4″), 29.9 (脂肪长链), 14.1(CH3(CH2)14COO)。以上数据与文献[10]对照,鉴定该化合物为SitoindosideⅠ。 3 小结
本研究从中华猕猴桃根乙酸乙酯部分中分离得到6个化合物,化合物1~4为三萜类化合物,化合物5、6为甾体类化合物,其中化合物1、2、5、6首次从该植物中分离得到。中华猕猴桃在中国分布广泛,具有多种药理功效,可用于治疗肝炎、提高免疫力等,在抗肿瘤方面效果尤为突出。现代药理研究表明中华猕猴桃根三萜类成分的抗肿瘤效果显著,因此对中华猕猴桃根化学成分的深入分析为其开展药理活性方面的研究提供了基础,也为该植物的开发利用提供了依据。 参考文献:
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