Part I Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should the Government Spend as Much Money as Possible Exploring Outer Space? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below: 1. 政府加大对太空开发的资金投入
2. 有人认为政府应该加大对基础设施的投入
3. 你的观点
Should the Government Spend as Much Money as Possible Exploring Outer Space? _______________________________________________________
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1—7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8—10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
How Geniuses Work
Without a doubt, Einstein was a genius. So was Isaac Newton, who invented Physics. He also played a big role in the development of Calculus (微积分学), which some people have trouble comprehending even after extensive classroom study. Another genius, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, started composing music when he was 5 years old. Mozart wrote hundreds of pieces before his death in 1760 at age 35.
The understanding of genius
According to conventional wisdom, geniuses are different from everyone else. They can think faster and better than other people. In addition, many people think that all that extra brainpower leads to strange behavior. And although geniuses are fairly easy to spot, defining exactly what makes one person a genius is a little trickier. Figuring out how that person became a genius is harder still.
There are two big things that make it difficult to study genius. First, the genius label is subjective. Some people insist that anyone with an intelligence quotient (IQ) higher than a certain value be a genius. Others feel that IQ tests measure only a limited part of a person's total intelligence. Some believe high test scores have little to do with real genius. Second, genius is a big picture concept. Most scientific and medical inquiries, on the other hand, examine details. A concept as subjective as genius isn't easy to quantify, analyze or study.
So, when exploring how geniuses work, it's a good idea to start by defining precisely what a genius is. A genius isn't simply someone with an exceptionally high IQ. Instead, a genius is an extraordinarily intelligent person who breaks new ground with discoveries, inventions or works of art. Usually, a genius' work changes the way people view the world or the field in which the work took place. In other words, a genius must be both intelligent and able to use that intelligence in a productive or impressive way.
Genius and the brain
The cerebral cortex (大脑皮层), the outermost part of your brain, is where thought and reasoning happen. These are your brain's higher functions, which relate to basic survival, take place deeper in the brain. Your cerebral cortex is the largest part of your brain, and it's full of wrinkles and folds. If you removed and stretched out an adult human's cerebral cortex, it would be
about as large as a few pages of a newspaper. It's divided into several lobes (圆形的突起), and different regions within these lobes handle specific tasks related to how you think.
Researchers have so far only figured out a few things about how the brain affects intelligence. A 2004 study at the University of California found that the volume of gray matter in parts of the cerebral cortex had a greater impact on intelligence than the brain's total volume. The findings suggest that the physical attributes of many parts of the brain determine how smart a person is. A 2006 paper in the journal Nature theorized that the way the brain develops is more important than the size of the brain itself. A person's cerebral cortex gets thicker during childhood and thinner during youth, According to the study, the brains of children with higher IQs thickened faster than those of other children. Studies also suggest that, to some extent, children inherit intelligence from their parents. Some researchers theorize that this is because the physical structure of the brain can be an inherited trait. In addition, the process of becoming really good at something both requires and encourages your brain to wire itself to handle that particular task better.
Genius and intelligence
Like genius, intelligence can be difficult to quantify. Psychologists study intelligence extensively. An entire field of study, known as psychometrics (心理测验学), is devoted to studying and measuring intelligence. But even within that field, experts don't always agree on exactly what it is or how best to analyze it. And while intelligence is central to genius, not all geniuses score well on intelligence tests or perform well in school.
Intelligence testing has existed for thousands of years. The best known IQ tests started near the end of the 19th century. Today, IQ tests generally measure a person's memory, language and mathematical abilities. IQ tests are also standardized so that most people score between 90 and 110. A common perception is that anyone scoring above a certain number—often 140—is automatically a genius. But in spite of the existence of high IQ organizations, many scientists caution that there is no such thing as a genius level IQ.
Many educators and researchers feel that, in general, standardized IQ tests do a good job of predicting how well a child will perform in school. Schools often use these tests to determine which children to place in gifted or special education classes. Most colleges and universities and some employers also use standardized tests as part of their application processes.
However, in spite of their prevalence, these tests are not safe enough. In general, some minorities and people with lower income levels tend to score lower than people from other racial and economic groups. Critics contend that this makes IQ tests invalid. In addition, some researchers argue that the concept of IQ is too limiting and doesn't really give a full view of a person's intelligence. They feel that intelligence is a combination of many factors. Genius and creativity
There's a big difference between being really smart and being a genius. While geniuses tend to be exceptionally intelligent, they also use imagination and creativity to invent, discover or create something new within their field of interest. They break new ground rather than simply remembering existing information.
Geniuses do not usually operate in isolation, either. Nearly all of them analyze the work of other great minds and use that information to make new discoveries. Self taught geniuses, on the other hand, often explore information in unexpected ways, due in part to their lack of formal training. In either case, the ability to imagine new possibilities is as important as general
intelligence.
Like intelligence, creativity and imagination can be difficult to isolate, quantify or explain. Some researchers believe that creative people have less potential inhibition than other people. Potential inhibition is the unconscious ability to ignore unimportant stimuli. Researchers think that creative people either receive more stimuli from the world around them or ignore less of it. This may also explain why creative people seem to be more prone to mental illness.
The creativity of geniuses also relates to productivity and hard work. Sometimes, the most dramatic examples of genius involve people who produce their best work at a very young age. However, not every genius produces exceptional work early in life the way Einstein and Mozart did. Some, like Ludwig yon Beethoven, do their best work later in life.
We may never know precisely where creativity comes from, why some people use their creativity more than others or why some people are most creative during specific times in their lives. We may not learn how one person ends up with the right balance of brainpower, intelligence and creativity to become a genius. But it's clear that geniuses are central to advancements in science, technology and understanding. Without geniuses, our understanding of mathematics, literature and music would be completely different. Concepts that we now take for granted, like gravity, planetary orbits and black holes, might still he undiscovered. 1. What do people think of geniuses in the traditional way? A) They are wealthier than common people. B) They are harder to deal with.
C) They think faster and better than common people.
D) They are a little trickier than others.
2. What is one of the reasons that make it hard for people to study genius? A) Geniuses are all very strange and hard to get along with. B) Genius is a subjective concept.
C) IQ test is not accurate in measuring people's intelligence. D) High test scores in IQ test have little to do with real genius.
3. The several lobes in the cerebral cortex have the function of ______ .
A) handling the tasks about thinking B) controlling your actions
C) dealing with speaking and hearing D) handling balance of the body 4. The study at the University of California in 2004 made a discovery that ______ . A) how the brain develops is more important than the size of the brain itself B) the brain's total volume had a greater influence on intelligence C) the physical attributes of the body determine how smart a person is
D) the volume of gray matter in cerebral cortex had a greater influence on intelligence 5. If a person is considered to be a genius, what scores does he need to get in an IQ test? A) Lower than 90. B) Between 90 and 110. C) Between 110 and 140. D) As much as 140 or more.
6. What can be inferred from the fact that some minorities and people with lower income levels tend to score lower in IQ tests?
A) The questions in IQ tests are too difficult. B) The IQ tests are not safe enough. C) These people are not good at taking tests. D) These people are less intelligent. 7. Why some self taught geniuses often make new discoveries in unexpected ways? A) Because their ideas are quite strange.
B) Because they do not usually operate in isolation.
C) Because they lack formal training.
D) Because they often analyze the work of other great minds.
8. Some creative people receive more stimuli from the outside world or ignore less of it, so they are more likely to suffer from ______ .
9. The creativity of geniuses is not necessarily related to a young age, but more related to their ______ .
10. Though there are still some mysteries about geniuses, it's obvious that they have made great contribution to the advancements in ______ .
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
11. A) The next few days are supposed to be warm. B) The rain is not expected to last much longer.
C) It can't get much better than it already is. D) Clouds and cool temperatures are expected.
12. A) He's not bothered by the noise. B) He's happy to close the door. C) He prefers to leave the door open. D) He's happy to talk to their neighbors.
13. A) Jack's mother. B) Jack's father. C) Jack's daughter. D) Jack's wife. 14. A) He would prefer calling her next week. B) He will let her decide about the next meeting.
C) He would like to buy some refreshments for the meeting.
D) He definitely wants to know about the meeting.
15. A) He usually talks quietly. B) He usually assigns homework.
C) He didn't come to class today. D) He came to class late today. 16. A) Because she has to work. B) Because she doesn't want to.
C) Because she is going out for dinner at a restaurant. D) Because she is meeting someone in a restaurant. 17. A) It's harmful for him to use his voice. B) He needs to see a doctor.
C) He hasn't been taking his medicine.
D) It's difficult to understand him when he whispers.
18. A) He doesn't have any idea about what he wants to do. B) He'd like to work this summer.
C) He wonders whether the woman has a job.
D) He can't decide where to go on vacation.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) For several months. B) For seven years. C) For a year or two. D) For several years. 20. A) He likes to do things with his own hands. B) He wants to make things easier for Paul.
C) His house was in a very bad shape when he bought it. D) He wants to save money.
21. A) He has some mental diseases. B) He is physically handicapped. C) He works at home. D) He can't move about without his wheelchair.
22. A) To build an extension to the house. B) To put a device on Paul's wheelchair.
C) To start a business on house alterations for disabled people. D) To redesign the kitchen.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A) She felt embarrassed in class. B) Her presentation received a poor grade.
C) She had not completed her assignment. D) She was unable to attend her psychology class.
24. A) She'd be able to leave quickly. B) She'd be less nervous.
C) She'd be able to locate where the man was seated. D) She'd know when her professor arrived.
25. A) They become nervous more readily than women do. B) They're uncomfortable performing in front of adults. C) They don't respond to stress well.
D) They become nervous less frequently than adults do. Section B Passage 1
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) The first Olympics were held in 767 B. C. B) The games were held to honor Athena.
C) The games were held every two years. D) All wars were ceased during the games.
27. A) 100-meter race. B) 200-meter race. C) Wrestling. D) Marathon.
28. A) Wrestling. B) Racing. C) Pole jumping. D) Boxing.
29. A) They were offered free dinners for life. B) They were recruited as guards of honor.
C) They traveled freely inside the state. D) They received awards in the temple of Zeus. Passage 2
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. A) Nearly 90 percent of groceries are packed in plastic bags. B) Plastic bags are used everywhere in the world. C) Almost one trillion plastic bags are used each year. D) Plastic bags contain poisonous chemicals.
31. A) Plastic bags take hundreds of years to break down. B) Plastic bags are sighted in Arctic Ocean and close to Antarctica. C) Plastic bags have been washed up in Antarctica. D) Plastic bags are killing many sea turtles.
32. A) Place a tax on plastic bags. B) Start using paper bags. C) Start using reusable bags. D) Use biodegradable bags. Passage 3
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 33. A) The Russian name for the spacecraft means \"traveler\". B) It was launched toward the end of the 1950s.
C) It was resulted from Soviet and American scientists. D) The spacecraft was a small aluminum ball fitted with a radio. 34. A) How to make a powerful rocket engine. B) How to ensure the safety of the crew. C) How to choose qualified crewmen for the trip. D) How to enable the spacecraft break free of gravity.
35. A) They built a much lighter rocket. B) They built a much faster rocket. C) They loaded the rocket with enough fuel. D) They built a multistage rocket. Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
In the United States the cost of living has been steadily rising for the past few decades. Food prices, clothing costs, housing expenses, and tuition fees are (36) getting higher and higher. Partly because of (37) need, and partly because of career choices for personal (38) , mothers have been leaving the (39) role of full-time homemaker. Increasingly they have been going out of home and taking (40) jobs in the society. Making such a significant role change (41) the life of the entire family, especially the children's. Some (42) are obvious. For example, dinnertime is at a later hour. Mothers leave home early in the morning, feeling (43) because they will not be at home when their children return from school. They suppress their guilt since they believe that their work will benefit everyone in the long run. (44) .
The emotional impact on the children can be significant. After all, they are alone for several hours during the daytime, and they feel that their mothers should be there for them. (45) . All too often, however, the mothers arrive home exhausted and face the immediate task of preparing
dinner for the family. (46) . Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
We have tended to view Yoga (瑜珈) as a kind of foreign religious exercise. But in fact from a medical standpoint, the age-old set of exercises known in the west as \"yoga\" offers a (47) variety of proven health benefits. It increases the (48) of the heart and slows the breathing rate, improves fitness, lowers blood pressure, (49) relaxation and reduces stress and anxiety. It also serves to improve posture, flexibility, (50) , sleep and digestion. It is not, in itself, a cure for any medical illness.
A typical session includes three disciplines: breathing exercises, body postures, and meditation (沉思). Each session usually begins with a set of (51) warm-up exercises. The teacher will then ask you to (52) on your breathing, and may take you through several breathing exercises. At the very least, you will be asked to breathe through your nose evenly. Then it's on to the yoga postures, a series of poses that is (53) designed must be held for periods of a few seconds to several minutes. As you assume the various postures, you will be asked to move gently. Breathing techniques remain important in the movement. (54) , as you hold certain postures, you may be (55) to breathe regularly. You will be allowed to rest after every three or four postures, and at the (56) of the exercise, there is usually a period of rest or meditation. A) concentration F) Likewise K) typically B) particularly G) tender L) instructed C) conclusion H) focus M) gentle D) efficiency I) significant N) devote E) advances J) effect O) promotes Section B
Passage 1 Mount Rushmore is a national monument located in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Carved into the side of the large mountain are the faces of four men who were the Presidents of United States. These men were chosen because all four played important roles in American history. The four faces carved onto Mount Rushmore are those of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt. Each face carved into the mountain is about 60 feet tall.
George Washington was chosen for this monument because of his role in the Revolutionary War and his fight for American independence. He was the first President of United States and is often called Father of the country. Thomas Jefferson was picked because he believed that people should be allowed to govern themselves, which is the basis for American democracy. Abraham Lincoln was added because he believed that all people are equal, and he helped end slavery in the United States. Theodore Roosevelt was chosen because he was such an influential President and world leader.
The man who carved Mount Rushmore was named Gutzon Borglum, and he worked on the
monument until his death in 1941. After Gutzon Borglum died, his son Lincoln Borglum took his place and went on with the work on the mountain. Fourteen years were spent creating the faces on Mount Rushmore. Dynamite was used to blast the tough and giant rock off the mountain to make a smooth surface for the faces. George Washington was carved first, and his face began as an egg-shaped piece of rock. Thomas Jefferson was added to the right of George Washington, but his face cracked and had to he blasted off the mountain. Jefferson was then re-carved to the left of George Washington. Lincoln and then Roosevelt were added to the mountain. Snow and a dearth of money slowed down the process of the work, and all work on the monument had to come to an end when there was no money left to continue.
57. Why was dynamite used to help create the faces on the mountain? A) There was a shortage of workers due to the lack of money. B) The workers only had one year to complete Mount Rushmore. C) The workers had no other tools because there was no money.
D) The rock was hard and the workers needed to remove huge pieces. 58. What does the word \"dearth\"(Line 8, Para. 3) mean as used in the text? A) Too much of something. B) Change. C) Shortage of something. D) The wrong kind. 59. Why did it take many years to finish Mount Rushmore?
A) There were many arguments about which faces to carve into the mountain. B) The Civil War began and the workers had to go fight the war. C) The snow and money problems slowed progress on the monument.
D) Gutzon Borglum moved back to Belgium to retire.
60. The presidential monuments were carved in an order corresponding to ______ . A) their importance in the history of the country B) the time of their presidency
C) the length of time they were in office
D) the number of votes they received to be elected
61. What is the main idea of this passage?
A) What Mount Rushmore looks like and how it was created.
B) How Gutzon Borglum raised money to create Mount Rushmore. C) How presidents helped build Mount Rushmore. D) Why Mount Rushmore was never finished.
Passage 2
While it may be unlikely for a computer to write a best seller, a technology expert has created a computer program that writes its own fiction stories with minimal user input. The program, called MEXICA, is the first to generate original stories based on computerized representations of emotions and tensions between characters.
An Internet survey was carried out to see the popularity of the computer-generated stories, other computerized stories and stories written solely by a human. The result was that readers ranked MEXICA stories highest for flow and coherence, structure, content, suspense and overall quality. Rafael Pérezy Pérez, the creator of MEXICA, explained that a story might begin with something as basic as, \"The enemy wounded the knight. The princess cured the knight. The knight killed the enemy. The knight rewarded the princess. The end. \"
The program reads characters as variables (变量) and assigns a numerical value, between a
continuum(连续体) from -3 to +3, to emotional connections that are defined as either amorous (多情的) or non-amorous. The numerical value is equivalent to the degree of emotion, with -3 being intense hate and +3 being intense love. The program also understands story tension, such as linking the word \"wounded\" with tension. This too is assigned a numerical value.
Once these clusters of emotional links and tensions are established, the program begins what is called an \"engagement reflection cycle\". Basically this involves searching a database of story actions and other happenings, which are called \"atoms\and determines the best match for the characters and contexts for that moment.
The process repeats itself again and again until the system can no longer make any matches. At this point, the computer analyzes the story for coherence and \"interestingness\". The program views a story as interesting when tension levels increase and fall throughout the piece. If the program finds that the story is boring or incoherent in places, it will replace or insert atoms until a version is thought to be satisfactory.
62. What can we know about MEXICA from the passage?
A) It is a computer program that can write fiction stories on its own. B) It is a computer program created by Rafael Pérezy Pérez. C) It is blamed for low quality among many other descriptors. D) The stories it has written is not very popular among readers. 63. What is basically needed for MEXICA to start to write a story? A) The beginning and the end of the story should be provided. B) The background of the story needs to be keyed in.
C) The human operator should come up with a simple storyline. D) Emotions and tensions between characters should be determined. 64. How does the computer system elaborate the characters in its story? A) Characters in the story are given different numerical values.
B) Characters are developed according to the tensions preset.
C) Characters are designed by using the language MEXICA can understand.
D) Each character is valued for its value in the construction of the story. 65. What are \"atoms\" understood by the computer system?
A) The tensions preset for the story. B) The characters designed for the story.
C) Episodes of, action of the story. D) Events becoming of the characters.
66. What if the computer finds the story lacking in coherence? A) A new atom is inserted where incoherence is found. B) The computer will rewrite the incoherent part. C) The computer will alert the human operator. D) The tension level will be fine tuned accordingly. Part V Cloze
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of passage. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and
frustrating experience. The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps (67) the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, (68) reading material and giving out (69) . The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and (70) what to write. Very often the student leaves the lecture (71) notes which do not catch the main points and (72) become hard even for the (73) to understand.
Most institutions provide courses which (74) new students to develop the skills they need to be (75) listeners and also note-takers. (76) these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which (77) learners to practice these skills (78) . In all cases it is important to (79) the problem and grasp these skills (80) actually starting your studies. It is important to (81) that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills (82) in college study. One way of (83) these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the (84) year. Another basic (85) is to find a study partner (86) it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.
67. A) extending B) illustrating C) performing D) conducting 68. A) attributing B) contributing C) distributing D) explaining
69. A) assignments B) information C) content D) definition 70. A) suspects B) understands
C) wonders D) convinces 71. A) without B) with C) on D) except 72. A) what B) those
C) as D) which
73. A) teachers B) classmates C) partners D) students 74. A) prevent B) require C) assist D) forbid 75. A) effective B) passive C) relative D) expressive 76. A) Because B) Though C) Whether D) If
77. A) enable B) stimulate C) advocate D) prevent 78. A) independently B) repeatedly C) logically D) generally 79. A) evaluate B) acquaint C) tackle D) formulate 80. A) before B) after C) while D) for
81. A) predict B) acknowledge C) argue D) ignore
82. A) to require B) required
C) requiring D) are required 83. A) preventing B) withstanding C) sustaining D) overcoming 84. A) average B) ordinary
C) normal D) academic 85. A) statement B) strategy C) situation D) suggestion 86. A) in that B) for which C) with whom D) by whom
Part VI Translation
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
87. Before his departure, he was advised by his parents to______(尽快适应新的环境). 88. All the tasks______(提前完成以后), they decided to go on holiday for a week. 89. We can not measure people______(根据他们的成就和财产).
90. The landlady requested the students living in her house______(在晚上九点以后不能大声播放音乐).
91. I'd rather have a room of my own, however small it is,______(也不愿和别人同住一间屋).
答案与解析
Part I Writing [参考例文]
Should the Government Spend as Much Money as Possible Exploring Outer Space? With the launch of manned spacecraft Shenzhou Ⅵ and exploration of the moon, outer space project becomes a hot topic for the public. Such explorations cost much and the government now is increasing the investment for further steps.
Though most people feel happy and excited for this achievement, there are different voices. Some think that the government should invest more in infrastructure construction instead of outer space exploration. Firstly, what the people need is better education and transportation rather than victory in outer space. Secondly, the yearly budget of the government is limited, and more investment in the outer space means reduction of the fund in other fields.
As far as I am concerned, I pre fer to vote for the opinion that government should not spend as much money as possible exploring outer space. The government should make a balance between outer space exploration and infrastructure, the latter one which should be given the first priority.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)
1．C 根据题干中的关键词traditional way定位到文章第一个小标题下的首段第一、二句：According to conventional wisdom, geniuses are different from everyone else. They can think faster and better than other people. 传统上人们认为，天才与众不同，在思考上比其他人更快更好。 2．B 根据题干中的关键词study genius定位到文章第一个小标题下的第二段首句：There
are two big things that make it difficult to study genius。研究天才存在两大困难，文章接下来分别进行介绍，一是the genius label is subjective，二是genius is a big picture concept。结合给出的四个选项。选项B)是其中一个原因，故为正确答案。
3．A 根据题干中的关键词several lobes, cerebral cortex和function定位到文章第二个小标题下的首段最后一句：It's divided into several lobes, and different regions within these lobes handle specific tasks related to how you think。由此可见，大脑皮层中的圆形突起所起到的作用与思考类的任务相关，所以本题的正确答案为选项A)。
4．D 根据题干中的关键词University of California和in 2004定位到文章第二个小标题下的第二段第二句：A 2004 study at the University of California found that the volume of gray matter in parts of the cerebral cortex had a greater impact on intelligence than the brain's total volume。题干中的made a discovery是对原文中found的同义转述，found后宾语从句的内容就是研究成果，也就是大脑皮层中的灰色物质的量对智力的影响要比大脑总容量对智力的影响大得多。选项D)中的influence是对原句中的impact的解释，所以选项D)为本题的正确答案。
5．D 根据题干中的关键词scores和IQ test定位到文章第三个小标题下的第二段第四、五句：IQ tests are also standardized so that most people score between 90 and 110. A common perception is that anyone scoring above a certain number—often 140—is automatically a genius。由此可知。在智商测试中，大部分人的得分在90至110之间，但是如果有人得分超过140，则自动被认为是天才。题干提问被认定为天才的分数，应该在140分以上，所以本题的正确答案为D)。
6．B 根据题干中的关键词minorities and people with lower income levels和score lower定位到文章第三个小标题下的第四段。本段首句指出，尽管智商测试很流行，但是并不是十分可靠，然后在第二句举例说，少数民族收入水平较低的人在智商测试中的得分要比来自其他种族和经济阶层的人的得分低得多。题干反其道而行，给出了具体的事例，提问这一事例能够说明的问题，自然可以得出答案为选项B)。
7．C 根据题干中的关键词self taught geniuses和unexpected ways定位到文章最后一个小标题下的第二段第三句：Self taught geniuses, on the other hand, often explore information in unexpected ways, due in part to their lack of formal training。文中指出，自学成才的天才们，在一定程度上由于缺乏正规训练，所以在探索信息方面显得有些出人意料。题干中的make new discoveries是对原文的explore information的解释，本题提问自学成才的天才们为什么在进行探索时有些出人意料，答案自然是lack of formal training，所以选项C)是本题的正确答案。 8．mental illness 根据题干中的关键词creative people和receive more stimuli定位到文章最后一个小标题下的第三段第四句：Researchers think that creative people either receive more stimuli from the world around them or ignore less of it。这一句指出了题干中提到的事实：研究人员发现有创造力的人要么从周围世界中获得了更多的刺激，要么忽略得很少。在下一句接着指出，这解释了为什么创造力比较强的人看起来更容易患精神疾病。结合题干，提问创造力强的人容易患什么病，通过上述分析可以得出答案为mental illness。
9．productivity and hard work 根据题干中的关键词creativity of geniuses定位到文章最后一个小标题下的第四段第三句：However, not every genius produces exceptional work early in life the way Einstein and Mozart did。并非每一个天才都像爱因斯坦和莫扎特那样在很年轻的时候就作出超人的成就，文章接着以贝多芬为例说明许多天才在年龄很大时才取得巨大成就，由此可见，天才与年龄的关系不大。回顾本段第一句：The creativity of geniuses also relates to productivity and hard work，这也是这一段的中心句，由此可以看出，天才的创造力取决于他们的生产率和辛勤的工作，所以空格处填入productivity and hard work。
10．science. technology and understanding 根据题干中的关键词advancements定位到文章最后一个小标题下的最后一段。这一段首先指出人类对于天才们尚有很多疑惑，接着在第三句提到But it's clear that geniuses are central to advancements in science, technology and understanding，有一点很明显的是，天才们在科学、技术和理解力的发展过程中起到了很重要的作用。题干中的made great contribution是对原文中are central to的同义转述，所以空格处应填入science, technology and understanding。 Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
Section A
11. M: I'm a little anxious about the weather. It would he nice if these last few days of vacation were sunny and warm.
W: But that's not what they forecast, is it?
Q: What does the woman imply about the weather?
D
[分析] 男士希望假期的最后几天能够阳光明媚而且非常温暖，但是女士回应说天气预报并不是这么预报的。由此可以推断，天气状况将不会很好。所以本题的正确答案为D)。 12．W: Do you mind closing the door? Our next door neighbors are making so much noise. M: Do I mind? I'd be happy to. Q: What does the man mean? B
[分析] 女士询问男士是否介意关上门，因为邻居太吵了。男士回答说，怎么会介意呢，我很乐意的，显然男士希望把门关上。
13．M: How I hope I could see Jack and his wife here.
W: They intended to come. But a moment ago Jack's mother called to say that he had to take his daughter to hospital. Q: Who was ill?
C
[分析] 这两句对话中出现的人物比较多，需要细心辨别。男士用感叹句式表明自己非常希望见到Jack夫妇，女士回应说。他们本打算来的，但是刚才Jack的母亲打电话告诉他必须带女儿去医院。由此可见，生病的是Jack的女儿。
14．W: Shall I call you to let you know about the next meeting? It is set for next Tuesday. M: By all means. I don't have a clear picture of what we need to prepare for the meeting. Q: What does the man imply?
D
[分析] 女士问男士是否想知道下次会议的内容，男士回答时用到了一个短语by all means，意思是“想尽千方百计”。并且还补充说他正愁不知道该如何为会议做准备呢。由此可见，男士非常想了解会议的内容。
15．W: Professor Hook was so strange today.
M: I noticed that too. He was talking so quietly and then not giving us any homework at all. Can you believe that?
Q: What can be inferred about Professor Hook?
B
[分析] 谈话双方在谈论Hook教授今天的反常表现，讲话的声音很轻，而且竟然没有给大家布置家庭作业。由此可以推断，Hook教授平时给学生布置作业。
16．M: The Students' Club is having a party this evening. Can you come and help with the drinks?
W: I'd like to, but it's my evening to work at a restaurant nearby.
Q: Why can't the woman go to the party? A
[分析] 男士请求女士能来晚会帮助进行茶水服务，女士表示很愿意去。接着又补充说需要到附近的餐馆工作，换句话说，女士委婉地拒绝了男士的请求。
17．M: Sam's voice sounds awful. I could barely hear him. I think he needs to take a few days off. W: Yes, he' s got a terrible sore throat. The doctor said he shouldn't even attempt to whisper. Q: What does the woman imply about Sam? A
[分析] 谈话双方在谈论Sam的嗓音。男士说几乎听不到他的声音，认为他需要休息几天，女士也同意说，他嗓子疼得厉害，并且医生建议他甚至连小声说话都最好不要。由此可见，Sam的嗓子疼得的确很厉害，说话对他有害无利。
18．W: Have you made any plans yet for summer vacation, Brad? Don't you want to go anywhere? M: Not really. I am not planning to go anywhere this year. What I'd like to do is to find a decent job.
Q: What does Brad mean?
B
[分析] 女士询问男士暑假去何处度假，男士表示他并不打算去度假，他想做的事情是找一份体面的工作。由此可见，男士打算在暑假里工作，而不是出去度假。 Now you'll hear two long conversations. Conversation 1
M: Welcome to my house!
W: Well, Mr. Robinson, I' m greatly surprised with all the work you've done on your house. (19)How long have you been working on it?
M: (19)I first became engaged in Do-it-yourself work several years ago. You see, my son Paul is disabled since childhood. (21)He's always in the wheelchair and(20)I just had to make some changes for him to the house.
W: Then, what sort of changes did you make?
M: First of all, some practical things to help Paul. Just imagine the problems a disabled person would have in your house. We need a large house with wide corridors so that Paul could move from one room to another as he like. W: What else did you do?
M: By the time I'd altered everything for Paul, Do-it—yourself work had become a hobby of mine. I really enjoyed doing things with my own hands.
W: What are you working on now?
M: I've just finished the kitchen. (21)Now I'm building an extension so that Paul will have a large room on the ground floor where he can work.
W: I heard that you have got a prize of $10 000 in the Do-it-yourself Competition. How are you going to spend it?
M: (22)I'm hoping to start my oven business soon so that I can convert ordinary houses for disabled people. I think I've become an expert on the subject.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. D
19．How long has Mr. Robinson been working on his house?
在对话开始时，女士为男士房子里的陈设感到惊讶，询问这样做了多长时间，男士回答说I first became engaged in Do-it-yourself work several years ago，由此可见，男士从事DIY工作已经有several years了。
B
20．Why does Mr. Robinson make so many changes to his house?
男士在对话中谈到了自己改装房子的原因，儿子Paul自幼残疾，一直生活在wheelchair上，所以他想make some changes for him to the house，也就是说，他自己改装房子是为了让儿子生活得更方便。 A
21．Which of the following is NOT mentioned about Paul?
男士在谈论儿子的情况时提到He's always in the wheelchair。可见Paul身体残疾，需要靠轮椅行动，但是谈话中并没有提到Paul有精神疾病；在谈话最后男士又提到Now I'm building an extension so that Paul will have a large room on the ground floor where he can work，由此可见Paul在家里工作。综上所述，本题的正确答案为A)。 C
22．What is Mr. Robinson going to do with the prize?
在被问及如何花费所得的奖金时，男士在对话结尾处表示I'm hoping to start my own business soon so that I can convert ordinary houses for disabled people，即开办自己的公司，为残疾人提供房屋改造服务，所以本题的正确答案为C)。 Conversation 2 M: Hi, Sarah. What's up?
W: Oh, hi, I just got out of a history class. I had to give a presentation. M: How did it go?
W: Terrible. I'm sure I made a fool of myself. M: Why? Weren't you prepared?
W: No, it was not that. (23) I just get so embarrassed and nervous whenever I have to speak in front of a group of people. I stand up and my face gets red and then I get even more nervous because I know everyone can see me blushing. M: It's not so bad to blush.
W: But it happens all the time. If the professor asks a question and I know the answer. I will blush like crazy if he calls on me. Doesn't that ever happen to you?
M: No, not really. (24)Maybe you should just try to forget about the people. Look at something else in the room, like the exit sign.
W: I guess I could try that. But I doubt it'll help.
M: You know we talked about this in psychology class. (25)Blushing, even though it's involuntary, is more or less a learned behavior. W: What do you mean?
M: (25)Oh, children hardly ever blush at all. And among adults, supposedly, women blush more than men. W: I wonder why?
M: I don't know, but I had a friend in high school, Brian Smith. It was really easy to make him blush. He turned red whenever a waitress would ask him for his order.
W: I'm not that bad. Well, I've got to get going for my next class. I'll talk to you later. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A
23．What was the woman's problem? 在谈到面临的问题时，女士向男士介绍说I just get so embarrassed and nervous whenever I have to speak in front of a group of people, 可见女士比较害羞，害怕在众人面前说话，所以本题的正确答案为A)。
B
24．Why might looking at the exit sign help the woman?
针对女士在众人面前说话时感到紧张的问题，男士提出建议Look at something else in the room like the exit sign. 因为这样可以forget about the people。 D
25．What does the man say about children?
对于紧张这个问题，男士提到了在psychology课堂上学到的内容：感觉紧张是learned behavior，接着又解释说children hardly ever become nervous at all，小孩一般不会感到紧张。 Section B
Passage 1
The first ancient Olympics were held in ancient Greece at least as long ago as 776 B. C. That's about 2 700 years ago! The games were held in Olympia, to honor Zeus, the ruler of heavens. Like the Summer Olympics of today, the ancient Olympics were also held every four years. (26)One of the main features of the ancient Olympics was that all wars were stopped for the games, so that the athletes and the audience could compete and travel in peace. Thousands of people from all over the Greek world came to watch. The main stadium might hold about 45 000 people. There are thousands of visitors setting up their tents all around the stadium. (27)During the first Olympics. there was only one competition—a 200-meter race. (28)But over time the games grew to include wrestling, boxing, and other sports. Women were not allowed to compete, but they had their own, separate games. The ancient athletes became famous, just like today. (29)They often lived the rest of their lives being treated to free dinners. City states even tried to steal away each other's athletes by offering them various awards.
Though the ancient Olympics existed until A. D. 393, the modern Olympics are still going strong. The Olympics gather athletes from all over the world. However, when you watch the Olympics, you should pay attention not just to the winners, but also to the people who don't win the gold medal. Think about what took them to get there, the dedication to the games. Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26．What can be learned about the ancient Olympics from the passage? D
[分析] 听力中提到古代奥林匹克运动会的一个主要特征是all wars were stopped for the games, so that the athletes and the audience could compete and travel in peace。为了保证运动员和观众能够在和平的环境中进行比赛和旅行。所有的战争都将随着奥运会的开幕而停战。 27．What kind of event is held in the first Olympics? B
[分析] 在介绍first Olympics的比赛项目时，听力中提到there was only one competition—a 200-meter race，由此可见，第一次奥运会仅有一个比赛项目，也就是200米跑。 28．Which of the following events is NOT mentioned as part of the ancient Olympics?
C
[分析] 古代奥运会的比赛项目除了200米跑之外，听力中还接着介绍说But over time the
games grew to include wrestling, boxing, and other sports。对比选项中的四个比赛名称，只有Pole jumping没有被提到。
29．How were the ancient athletes honored according to the passage?
A
[分析] 在谈论参加古代奥运会的运动员的待遇时，听力中提到They often lived the rest of their lives being treated to free dinners，即他们在今后的人生中可以获得免费的食物。 Passage 2
Plastic bags can be found almost everywhere around us. (30)According to. the American Plastics Council, 80 percent of groceries are packed in plastic bags. The numbers are absolutely surprising. It is estimated that consumers use between 500 billion and one trillion plastic bags per year all over the world. Plastic bags can be found in landfills, stuck on trees, and floating in the ocean.
Some experts say that plastic bags may harm the environment. It may take hundreds of years for plastic bags to break down. As they break down, they will release poisonous materials into the water and the soil. (31)Plastic bags in the ocean can choke wildlife. Endangered sea turtles eat the bags and often choke on them—probably because the bags look like its favorite food. In fact, floating plastic bags have been spotted from as far north as the Arctic Ocean to as far south as the southern end of South America. One expert even gives a prediction that within ten years, plastic bags will wash up in Antarctica!
While some experts have argued for placing a heavy tax on plastic bags, others worry that the tax would cause people who make plastic hags to lose jobs. Some people also worry that making plastic bags more expensive would increase landfill waste because stores would start using paper bags again. Another possible solution would be to use plastic bags that can be easily broken down, a technology that has recently improved. (32)Perhaps the simplest solution for now, however, is to pack groceries in reusable bags.
Questions 30 to 32 are based oil the passage you have just heard. 30．What is NOT true about plastic bags according to the passage?
A
[分析] 关于plastic bags，听力一开始就提到According to the American Plastics Council, 80 percent of groceries are packed in plastic bags(据美国塑料委员会的调查，80%的食品是用塑料袋进行包装)，但是选项A)所述的比例为90%，与听力内容不符合。 31．What is the evidence showing the threat of plastic bags to ocean wildlife?
D
[分析] 在谈到plastic bags对ocean wildlife的危害时，听力中指出Plastic bags in the ocean can choke wildlife(塑料袋会使野生动物窒息)，接着给出了一个事例Endangered sea turtles eat the bags and often choke on them(濒临灭绝的海龟就经常因吸食塑料袋而窒息死亡)，所以本题的正确答案为D)。
32．What solution is strongly suggested by the speaker? C
[分析] 对于解决plastic bags这一难题，听力在结束时提出建议：Perhaps the simplest solution for now, however, is to pack groceries in reusable bags，指出现在最简单的解决方法是使用可重复使用的袋子包装食品。
Passage 3
Since the beginning of history, people on the earth have always watched the sky and
wondered about the things they saw. As centuries of discoveries flew by, it became obvious that humans would not be content to just gaze at the solar system. We wanted to fly into it and explore it as well.
Once again, technology allowed us to accomplish our goal. (33)On October 4, 1957. a Soviet rocket sent the first man-made satellite into space. It was called Sputnik, the Russian word for \"traveler\". Even though Sputnik was nothing more than a small aluminum ball with a radio inside, it started a whole new era of space exploration.
In May 1961 President John F. Kennedy challenged American scientists to land a person on the moon before the end of the 1960s. (34)In the quest to do this, scientists faced many obstacles. For example, to get a spaceship all the way to the moon and back would demand a rocket engine powerful enough to make the trip. (35)Scientists realized that it would be difficult for one heavy rocket loaded with fuel to reach the moon. Instead, they decided to use a multistage rocket. When the fuel in one stage of the multistage rocket is used up, that stage will fall away. This makes the rocket lighter, and the engine of the next stage can go on providing power and thrust the rocket even faster and higher. As you know, Americans successfully landed on the moon in July 1969. Since then our knowledge of the solar system has increased dramatically. Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33．Which of the following is NOT true of the first manned space flight?
C
[分析] 在谈到first manned space flight时，听力中提到On October 4, 1957, a Soviet rocket sent the first man-made satellite into space，由此可见送入太空的第一颗人造卫星是由苏联火箭送入太空的，而不是美国和苏联合作的结果。同时根据历史常识也可知道，当时的美苏处于军事争霸时期，不可能进行合作，所以本题应该选择C)。
34．What is the key to building a spacecraft bound for the Moon?
A
[分析] 听力中提到，准备登月行动行动时，科学家们面临许多障碍，其中最关键的问题是a rocket engine powerful enough to make the trip，即一个动力足够强大的能够完成旅程的火箭推进器，所以本题的正确答案为A)。
35．How could the scientists made the trip to the Moon a success?
D
[分析] 在制造火箭推进器的过程中，科学家们意识到it would be difficult for one heavy rocket loaded with fuel to reach the moon，所以他们决定使用multistage rocket(多级火箭)。 Section C
36．constantly 37．financial 38．fulfillment 39．traditional
40．salaried 41．affects 42．consequences 43．guilty 44．The income will enable the family to save for college tuition, take an extended vacation, buy a new car, and so on
45．They might need assistance with their homework or want to share the day's activities
46．Their priority is to make the evening meal for the family, not to engage in any relaxed conversation
Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A I 47．空格位于不定冠词a和名词variety之间，所以中间需要填入形容词。a variety of意为“多
种多样的”，中间可以填入表示程度的significant，意为“重大的，重要的”。
D
48．空格位于定冠词the和介词of之间，所以需要填入名词。根据句意，练习瑜伽可以降低呼吸速度，提高心脏的功能。答案为efficiency，意为“功能，功效”。 O
49．分析句子得知，空格与lowers和reduces为并列关系，且宾语为relaxation，因此缺少及物动词的第三人称单数。答案为promotes，意为“推动”。混淆选项为advances，多作不及物动词，意思为“前进”。 A
50．分析句子得知，空格与posture(体态)、flexibility(弹性)、sleep and digestion(消化)等词语并列，所以需要填入名词作improve的宾语。故答案为concentration，意为“注意力”。 M 51．空格位于介词of之后，名词warm-up exercises(热身运动)之前，缺少定语。答案为gentle，意为“温柔的，轻轻的”。混淆选项为tender，意为“嫩的，年纪小的”。 H
52．空格位于不定式to之后，缺少动词原形，且与介词on搭配。符合条件只有focus, focus on意为“集中于„„”。
K
53．空格位于助动词be与谓语动词之间。缺少副词做状语。根据句意，一些为此专门设计的动作必须坚持一段时间。答案为typically，意为“代表性地，作为特色地”。混淆选项为particularly，意为“独特地，显著地”。 F
54．分析句子，空格处缺少可以独立使用的成分，多为体现上下文逻辑关系的副词或介词短语。所以确定答案为likewise，意思为“同样地”。根据句意，呼吸技巧在瑜伽运动中很重要，同样，征做某些姿势的时候必须有规律地呼吸。
L 55．空格位于助动词be之后，且能够与不定式搭配，因此确定答案为instructed。be instructed to do意为“按照指示做某事”。
C
56．空格位于定冠词和介词of之间，缺少名词。根据句意，在训练结束后，通常可以休息或沉思一下。故答案为conclusion，意为“结束，结论”。 Section B
Passage 1 D
57．事实题。题干提问为什么使用炸药帮助面部雕刻。根据关键词dynamite定位到文章第三段第四句，“Dynamite was used to blast the tough and giant rock off the mountain to make a smooth surface for the faces.”炸药被用来爆破坚硬巨大的岩石，磨平表面以适合面部雕刻。 C
58．语义题。题干提问dearth在句子“Snow and a dearth of money slowed down the process of the work, and all work on the monument had to come to an end when there was no money left to continue.”中的意思。分析得知，缺钱是工程进度缓慢的原因，因此dearth意为“没有，缺乏”。
C
59．事实题。题干提问为什么完成Mount Rushmore纪念碑花了很多年。纵览全文，文章最
后一句提到大雪和资金缺乏使工程进度慢下来，当经费耗尽工程也结束了。
B
60．事实题。题干提问总统纪念碑按照什么顺序进行。第三段第五至七句提到雕刻的顺序为华盛顿、杰斐逊、林肯、罗斯福，与他们总统任期时间顺序相一致。本题考查文化背景知识。 A
61．主旨题。题干提问文章大意。纵览全文得知，文章主要讲述Mount Rushmore纪念碑的外形以及建造过程。
Passage 2 B
62．事实题。题干提问关于MEXICA的陈述哪个正确。选项A)、B)叙述点类似，文章第一段首句作者指出，技术专家创造出一个计算机程序，可以自动编写故事，但是需要minimal user input(用户最少的输入)，所以A)不正确。通过文章第二段第三句可知，B)正确。通过第二段第二句得知，计算机程序编写的故事由于流畅连贯而最受欢迎，C)和D)不正确。 C
63．推断题。题干提问MEXICA开始编写故事所需的基本因素。根据关键词basically，start定位到文章第二段第三句：a story might begin with something as basic as, \"The enemy wounded the knight. The princess cured the knight. The knight killed the enemy. The knight rewarded the princess. The end. ”由此可见，使用MEXICA程序编写故事的基本因素，即故事的大体情节，必须事先设定好。
A
64．推断题。题干提问计算机是如何描述故事中的角色的。根据关键词characters定位到文章第三段第一句，程序把故事中的角色看做变量(variables)，并赋予变量一定的数值(numerical value)。
D
65．语义题。题干提问计算机系统如何理解atom。根据关键词atom定位到文章第四段，“Basically this involves searching a database of story actions and other happenings, which are called 'atoms'. 所以atoms指的是故事情节和其他事件(story actions and other happenings)。故选项D)(人物遭遇的故事和事件)即为正确答案。
A
66．事实题。题干提问如果计算机发现故事缺乏连贯性会怎么样。根据关键词lacking in coherence定位到文章末句，如果程序发现故事情节枯燥或者缺乏连贯性，它将会replace or insert atoms until a version is thought to be satisfactory，即替换或插入一些情节(atoms)直至达到读者满意为止。 Part V Cloze 67．B
本题考查动词辨义。extending意为“扩展”，illustrating意为“说明或用图片来说明”，performing意为“执行，表演”，conducting意为“传导，管理”。根据句意，演讲者有时用幻灯片来做说明。 68．C
本题考查近形词辨义，与reading material搭配。attribute意为“由于，属于”，contribute意为“奉献，贡献”，distribute意为“分发”，explain意为“解释”。reading material意为“阅读材料”，与distribute搭配。 69．A
空格位于动词之后缺少宾语，与give out(分发)搭配。assignment意为“作业，任务”，information
意为“情报，信息”，content意为“内容”，definition意为“定义”。
70．C
本题考查what引导的动词不定式的搭配。suspect意为“怀疑”，wonder意为“对„„好奇”，convince意为“使信服”。根据句意，新生对改写的东西很好奇。 71．B
本题考查介词with的用法，表“随身携带”。 72．D
空格处缺少句子主语。空格前的连词and连接的两个句子一般要求对等成分。and之前的句子是which连接的定语从句，因此and之后也应该用which引导定语从句。 73．D
空格处缺少名词。partner意为“合伙人”。根据句意，有些笔记很难懂，即使对做笔记的学生来讲亦是如此。
74．C
本题考查动词辨义。prevent意为“阻止”，固定搭配prevent sb. from doing sth.; require意为“要求”，多与of搭配构成require sb. of sth; assist意为“帮助”，固定搭配assist sb. to do sth.; forbid意为“禁止”，其固定搭配为forbid sb. to do sth. 。根据句意，很多学校开设的课程能够帮助学生培养必要的技能。 75．A
空格处缺少形容词做listeners的定语。effective意为“有效的”，passive意为“被动的”，relative意为“相关的”，expressive意为“有表现力的”。根据句意，答案为A)。 76．D
空格处缺少连词连接两个句子。根据句意，学校开设的课程帮助学生获得必要技能，如果没有(unavailable意为不可获得的)这些课程，还有一些技巧学习指南。可以得知从句为假设条件从句。故答案为D)。 77．A
本题考查动词辨义。enable意为“使„„能”，固定搭配，enable sb. to do sth.; stimulate意为“刺激”，advocate意为“提倡，鼓吹”。四个选项只有enable能够与to do搭配。 78．A
空格处缺少副词做状语。independently意为“独立地”，repeatedly意为“反复地”，logically意为“逻辑上地”，generally意为“大体地”。根据句意，技巧学习指南可以使学生独立练习。 79．C
空格位于不定式to之后缺少动词，与problem搭配。evaluate意为“评价”，acquaint意为“使熟悉”，tackle意为“解决”，formulate意为“阐明”。tackle problem意为“解决问题”。 80．A
本题考查介词用法。根据句意，解决问题并掌握技巧在真正开始学习之前是很重要的。 81．B
本题考查动词辨义，后接that从句。predict意为“预告”，acknowledge意为“承认”，argue意为“辩论”，ignore意为“忽略”。根据句意，学生在获取语言技巧的过程中有困难，承认这一点是很重要的。
82．B
本题考查require在句中的形式。根据句意，language skills与require(所需)之间为被动关系，故答案为B)。 83．D
本题考查动词辨义，与these difficulties搭配。withstand意为“忍受”。sustain意为“支持”，
overcome意为“克服困难”。根据句意，答案为D)。
84．D
本题考查“学年”的表达方法。答案为D)。 85．B
本题考查名词辨义。statement意为“声明”，strategy意为“技巧，战略”，situation意为“形势”。根据句意，找一个学习的伙伴是一种学习策略。故答案为B)。 86．C
本题考查定语从句先行词在从句中作宾语。根据句意，与学习伙伴一起发现困难、交流想法、提供帮助。
Part Ⅵ Translation
87．adjust/adapt himself to the new condition as soon as possible/as soon as he could。本题考查“尽快”和“适应”的表达。“尽快”有两种常见的表达方式：as soon as possible和as soon as he could；表达“适应”可以用动词adjust或adapt，两个词的后面都要接介词to构成adjust/adapt oneself to sth. 结构。
88．having been fulfilled completed ahead of time/schedule本题考查分词的独立主格结构和分词的完成被动式。分词的独立主格结构指分句的主语与主句的主语不一致，分句需要带有自己独立的逻辑主语，本题中，分词的逻辑主语与动词是被动关系，动词要用过去分词，所以fulfill或complete应该采用haying been fulfilled/completed的形式。另外“提前”可以用短语ahead of time或ahead of schedule来表示。
89．on the basis of/in terms of their achievements and possessions。本题考查“根据”的表达方式和“成就”及“财产”的拼写。“根据”可以用on the basis of或者in terms of进行表达；“成就”拼写为achievement，“财产”拼写为possession，且在本题中两个词均应使用复数形式。 90．(should) not play loud music after 9 at night本题考查should型虚拟语气。一些表示“建议”、“命令”、“要求”意义的动词，如request, order, desire, suggest, insist, require, propose, recommend, instruct, urge等，其后接宾语从句中时要使用“(should)+动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should可以省略；这些动词相对应的名词引导同位语从句时，也应采用这一形式。本题句中的动词为request，所以应该使用should型虚拟语气。
91．than share a room with someone else。本题考查结构“宁愿„„也不„„”的表达方式和“同住”的表示方法。“宁愿„„也不„„”可以用would rather... than... 来进行表达，本题的难点在于把握句子中间的however small it is是插入语，这样就能将would rather... than... 连贯起来；另外，“同住”可以用share... with... 短语进行表达。
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