PRACTICAL ENGLISH TEST FOR COLLEGES 【应用文写作（Practical Writing）
1. Personal/Business letters （私人/商务 书信）
1. 私人信函通常包括一下5个部分：
a. 日期（Date）：通常出现在信页的右上方。 b. 称呼语（Opening）： 称呼收信者，通常是“Dear”后跟收信者姓名，再加上逗号或者冒号。 c. 正文（Body）：写信者要传达的信息，一个或者多个段落。 d. 结尾（Closing）：表示礼貌，谦恭，祝愿等的短语（如All the best，Best wishes，或者Yours Truly，Yours Sincerely，Yours Faithfully），后跟都逗号。 e. 签名（Signature）：如收信者是熟人，签上写信者的名即可，否则，签上全名（名+姓）。
注：如是商务书信，须在日期前面加上信内地址（Inside address）
2. 书信格式：
英文书信基本上可以分为三种：板块式，半板块式和缩进式。
a. 板块式又成为齐头式（Block style），其特点是所有部分都从左边开。每行左边上下对齐，成一直线。
b. 半板块式（Modified Block Style）与板块式基本相同，只是日期，结尾，签名均从信纸中央偏右起写，其余部分从左边起写，左对齐。 c. 缩进式（Indented Style）与半板块式基本相同，其不同之处在： 正文中的每一段第一行需要缩进4到5个字母。
3. 地址的写法；
信封上收信人地址宝库奥收信人的姓名，地址（按照次序为门牌号，
街道名，城市名，国家名）和邮政编码。应该注意的是:收信人的姓名，街道，地址的首字母都要答谢。称呼“Mr”或“Mrs”可写可不写。头衔或者职称写在人名之后。当信函需要第三者转收时，则需要收信
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人名字下方协商转收人的姓名，并在其姓名前面写上C/o（care of 的缩写，相当于“请收转”）。
如：Mr. Mattthew Fox
C/o Mrs. Olgan E. Cintron 82 Fifth Street
New York, NY10012 America
4. Samples：
Sample1（板块式）：
April 30, 1996
Dear Ms. Connolly: Thanks for your recent letter to Mr. Jack Smith, our manager, regarding the return of the computer. Mr. Smith is absent from our company until May 12, 1996. Upon his return, I will advise him of your inquiry. I am sure that he will be in touch with you at that time.
Sincerely yours, Larry Jackson Assistant Manager
Sample2（半板块式）：
April 30, 1996
Dear Ms. Connolly: Thanks for your recent letter to Mr. Jack Smith, our manager, regarding the return of the computer. Mr. Smith is absent from our company until May 12, 1996. Upon his return, I will advise him of your inquiry. I am sure that he will be in touch with you at that time.
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Sincerely yours, Larry Jackson Assistant Manager
Sample3 （缩进式）：：
April 30, 1996
Dear Ms. Connolly: Thanks for your recent letter to Mr. Jack Smith, our manager, regarding the return of the computer. Mr. Smith is absent from our company until May 12, 1996. Upon his return, I will advise him of your inquiry. I am sure that he will be in touch with you at that time.
Sincerely yours, Larry Jackson Assistant Manager
Sample 4：（含信内地址）
12 Peter Street Toronto, ON M6C 3B4 April 30, 1996
Ms. Concetta Connolly Secretarial Services Co-ordinator 1750 Finch Avenue, East North York, ON Canada M1t 2E5
Dear Ms. Connolly: Thanks for your recent letter to Mr. Jack Smith, our manager, regarding the return of the computer. Mr. Smith is absent from our company until May 12, 1996. Upon his
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return, I will advise him of your inquiry. I am sure that he will be in touch with you at that time.
Sincerely yours, Larry Jackson Assistant Manager
2. Notes（便条）
1. 说明：
便条是书信的一种形式。特点在于其内容比一般的书信更简短，用于询问，李扬，通知，要求等，便条分为两种形式：一种是请假条（病假，事假，续假）；一种是留言，通知。便条的基本组成部分是：日期，称呼，正文和署名。
日期： 便条日期通常是在右上角。一般只要写上星期几或者上下午
的具体时刻。 写上几月几号也很普遍，但无需年份：
称呼： 给熟人，朋友留言可直呼其名，不用任何头衔。但请假条或
下级给上级的留言称呼仍应保留头衔，抬头的“Dear”可用可不用。
署名： 常可身躯书信中的结束敬语，署上写便条者姓名或姓或名即
可。
2. Samples：
Sample 1 （假条）
Jan. 10th Dear Ms. Jiang,
I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this mornings two periods of English Class due to a bad cold and high fever. Enclosed is a certificate from the doctor who said I must stay in bed for a few days. I will go back to school as soon as I recover.
Yours respectfully,
Tian Ye
3. Telephone Message（电话留言）
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1. 说明：
电话留言应包括：来电日期，时间，来电者的姓名，来电内容，来电者的电话号码，电话留言记录者的名字等。电话留言可以用公司或机构专用的电话留言，或者采用便条的形式。电话留言的语言应简练，常用简略结构，如省略主语，冠词及使用缩略语等。
2. Samples：
To: Mr. White
From: Mr. Johnson of Honeywell Co Tel No: 0799 267968
Time : 10 a.m., June 25th, 2001
Message: Mr. Johnson of Honeywell Co. is going to Beijing on business tomorrow. His appointment with you on the morning of the 27th has to be cancelled. Mr. Johnson will contact you fro another appointment when he is back.
Signed: Helen (secretary) Date: Monday, June 25th
Time: 10 a.m.
4. Memos (备忘录)
1. 说明：
备忘录是公司内部最基本，最常用的一种信息传递方式，如会议安排，情况报告，责任确认，问题处理等等，备忘录一般由公司同意印制成标准的表格
备忘录中To一栏中收笺人和From一栏中发笺人可以四姓名后加上其职位和部门，也可只写职位。收笺人的姓名前可写上Mr.，Mrs.，Ms.， Dr.等，而发笺人的姓名前则不写。
Subject即内容标题，一般用名词或动名词词组等少数几个字做简略叙述。
内容部分是备忘录的主要部分，应力求简明，确切。
最后，结束时不同签名。如果备忘录同时还发给出收笺人以外的其他人，在末端cc：（或c：）之后写上其姓名即可。
2. Samples：
Sample 1：
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TO: All Support Staff Supervisors
FROM: Jack Birt, General Manager DATE: May 12, 1996
SUBJECT: Year-end Bonus for Support Staff I am pleased to announce that we will be distributing a year-end bonus to all support staff and middle management this year. We have increased sales by 25 percent in the past eight months and are up 40 percent from the same period last year.
You have contributed to the rise in sales revenue this year. The bonus is one way of expressing our appreciation for your outstanding effort. We will issue your bonus checks on May 18, 1996 along with your regular pay checks.
Sample 2：
DATE： June16th， 2006
TO： Managers of all the departments FROM: John Green ( The Sales Manager )
SUBJECT：Discussion on the sales plan of 3rd quarter in 2006
Our department has made the sales plan of the 3rd quarter in 2006. To
discuss the plan, a meeting will be held in the Conference Room of our corporation at 1:00 on June 19th, 2006. It is hoped that managers of all the departments will come to the meeting. If anyone cannot attend it, please notify the secretary of the Sales Department in advance.
5. Notices （通知）
英语中的Notices包括告示，启事，通知等，目的是告诉公众某件事情或某项互动，在商业应用上尤其广泛。从使用范围来分类，可分为内部通知（面向本单位或公司职员）和外部通知（面向大众）。 1. 内部通知：
内部通知主要是关于会议，讲座或某项活动的简单通知及关于公司的一些政策，措施和安排等，应至少包括三项内容：
1. 时间：星期，日，月，时刻 2. 地点
3. 互动内容
有些通知还包括一些细节，有的介绍演讲者，有的详述活动内容或背
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景知识 2. 外部通知：
面向大众的通知主要指有关商场或公司开业，搬迁，寻人，征稿等启事。启事的语言要求朴实，简洁。文字篇幅不宜过长。启事的格式，与内部通知一样，除了需要有标题，正文（活动内容）和时间以外，通常还需加上联系地址或联系人及电话号码。启事的标题要求醒目，能够吸引读者的注意力。
3. Samples： Sample 1：
Notice
Readers are requested to note that from May 2, 1996, the library will be open during the following hours:
8.00 a.m. ---------- 12.00 a.m. 1.30 p.m. ---------- 5.00 p.m
Library Office
Sample 2：
Notice of Meeting
Subject: Financial program of the company Participants: Heads of all sections Time: 2 p.m., July 7th, Friday
Place: Meeting Hall of Office Building
Notes : Each participant is required to hand in a written Proposal. The Administrative Office Samples 3:
Notice
A well-known professor named Mr. John Smith will give us a talk in the lecture hall at 7 p.m. next Friday. He will talk about the economic
development in the world and the future of the light industry in China after China’s entering WTO. If you are interested in it, please ask Li Ming for Tickets. He will be available in Room 601 Building 5, from 7 to 9 every Evening
6. Faxes（传真）
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1. 说明：
传真通常由三部分组成：
第一部分：发，收传真双方的姓名，职位，地址，传真号，日期，称
呼和主题。
第一部分的格式为：第一行从左到右先写收传真人的姓名
（职位）和地址，然后是收件人的传真号。第二行为发传真人的姓名(职位)，地址和传真号。第三行写发传真的日期和传真页数。
第二部分：正文（含主题）。主题是传真内容的简单概括。目的是让对
方在看正文之前对内容有个大概的了解，主题往往不是完整的句子而是由短语组成，放在称呼后的第一行。
第三部分：结束语及签名。与书信格式一样
2. Samples：
To: Customer Enquiries Section Fax : 26759122 Electromark Ltd.
From: Maria King, General Manager, Fax: 25251427 Office-Equip
Date: March 12th, 2003 Page(s): 1 Dear Sir:
Re：Wooden domestic products
We would lie you to send us a catalogue and a price list regarding your wooden domestic products.
We are interested in discussing terms with you and want to know the discounts you offer on large orders. I look forward to gearing from you soon.
Yours Faithfully Maria King
General Manager
7. Schedules/Timetables （活动日程表/时刻表）
活动日程表的目的是让有关人员清楚了解某一项活动具体安排的时间，地点以及主管人员等。在日程表的开头要用醒目的字体写明是什么活动的安排计划，然后每项中先写明具体时间，再写互动内容，地点，或负责人等。安排按照时间顺序依次书写即可
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语言特点：不使用完整的句子而是用名词短语或分词替代以求简练。
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附录1：几种常见书信范文：
1、邀请信
Dear Mr./Ms,
We should like to invite your Corporation to attend the 1997
International Fair which will be held from April 29 to May 4 at the above address. Full details on the Fair will be sent in a week. We look forward to hearing from you soon, and hope that you will be able to attend.
Yours faithfully
2、肯定答复
Dear Mr./Ms,
Thank you for your letter of March 20 inviting our corporation to
participate in the 1997 International Fair. We are very pleased to accept and will plan to display our electrical appliances as we did in previous years. Mr. Li will be in your city from April 2 to 7 to make specific arrangements and would very much appreciate your assistance.
Yours faithfully
3、否定的答复
Dear Mr./Ms,
Thank you very much for your invitation to attend the 1997
International Fair. As we are going to open a repair shop in your city at that time, we are sorry that we shall not be able to come. We hope to see you on some future occasion.
Yours faithfully
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4. 投诉：
April 10, 2004 Dear Sir:
I’m writing about a washing machine which I bought from your store on March 20. Unfortunately, after only one week, I find something wrong with the washing machine that it leaks when working. I have telephoned to the service center of your store. The reply I got was that the assistant would contact with the manufacturer and they would offer an on-site repair service. What really makes me extremely annoyed is the fact that no one has ever come to repair it during the week.
In view of the inconvenience the it has caused, and the disappointment, I feel I should return this washing machine and look forward to receiving a full refund (退款)。
Yours Faithfully Shen Jun
5. 求职
Dear Sir or Madam:
I would like to apply for the position of a translator in your company
which was advertised in China Daily on May 10, 2000.
I graduated from Shanghai International Studies University in 1997. I
have been teaching since then. I have worked as a translator in my spare time. I was quite sure that I am capable of doing the work. I enclosed a brief resume as you required. Just let me know if you could give me an interview.
I will be looking forward to hearing from you and appreciate your
consideration of my application.
Yours Faithfully ZhangLi
5. 祝贺：
20 Nov. 2003 Dear Prof. Cai,
We have just been informed that your lifework on elementary Chinese
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teaching methodology had been fully recognized during the recent International Conference on Language Education where your article “Teaching Chinese as Foreign Language” was awarded first prize. This is the first honor ever won by a Chinese scholar. Since we are your students ,we know, of course, how you’ve worked. You are fully worthy of it!.
Please accept our heartiest congratulations!
Respectfully yours Mabel
6. 感谢
15 March, 2003
Dear Mrs. Long:
It was so good of you to give my husband and me so much of your time. We enjoy and appreciate all your gracious hospitality to us more than we can see.
We hope that you and Mr. Long may come into China before long and we may have the pleasure of seeing you then in our home.
Thanks again for your kindness and my husband joins me in sending our best regards to you and your family.
Very sincerely yours, Mary Qi
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附录2：Useful Expressions：
1. 介绍：
I’m pleased to introduce to you Mrs. Wang 我很高兴向你介绍王夫人
It gives us great pleasure to introduce to you by this letter Mr. Su 借此信谨向你介绍苏先生
Any assistance rendered him would be highly appreciated 如能给与他帮助本人将不胜感激
I would greatly appreciate it if you would kindly assist Mr. Li in gaining an opportunity for further studies.
如能帮助李先生取得进修的机会，我将十分感激。
We would consider it a great favour if you would give him your advice and experience 你如能为他提供指点和版主，我们将不胜感激。
2. 祝贺：
Please accept our best and sincerest wished for….. 请接受我最美好最诚挚的…..祝愿
Wishing you many happy returns of your birthday. 祝你生日快乐
Congratulations on your latest promotion. I know that you will make good in your new
job because you thrive on responsibility.
祝贺你的荣升。我知道你是那种责任感很强的人，到了新的岗位一定会干的出色 I am so glad to hear of your winning the Award of ……. I congratulate you on this
marvelous opportunity.
很高兴获悉你荣获….， 祝贺你有此机会获此殊荣 We wish we could be with you to share the occasion. 我们希望与你分享这一时刻
3. 感谢：
This is to thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and to tell you how much we enjoyed seeing you again.
再次感谢你的盛情款待。这次充分我们感到十分愉快 I appreciate very much your…….
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非常感谢你给于我们的……
Many thanks for remembering our anniversary/birthday and for you flattering remarks 非常感谢你对我们纪念日/生日的惦念，以及热情洋溢的贺词
Than you for your letter which has meant great a great deal to me at this time 感谢你的来信。此时此刻，这封信对我来说意义重大
4. 投诉/索赔
There were several aspects of the service that we were not satisfactory 你们的服务有几方面我们感到不满意 My first complaints is the fee 我首先要对费用进行投诉
We shall have to ask you to make compensation for the loss that we have suffered 我们将要求你方对我方受到的损失予以赔偿 We claim on the goods for recovery of the loss 我方要求赔偿货物损失
We feel that we must make a claim against you 我们要求向你方索赔
We will certainly replace the damaged goods 我们将更换这些破损货物
We are ready to cancel your order and compensate for the loss incurred 我方将撤销你方的订单并赔偿你方遭到的损失
5. 邀请：
We would like to know if you could …… 不知你能否前来….
I would like to invite you to …… 我请你…….
Is there any chance of your coming……. 你是否能来…….
We would be very happy if you could come to …… 如蒙光临，不胜荣幸
I cordially invite you to join us…… 我真心邀请你来参加我们的……..
I would like to take this opportunity to invite you to …… 借此机会，我想邀请你…… Cover travel and other expenses
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支付差旅及其他费用
Please let us know as soon as possible if you can come and tell us when you can make the
trip
请您尽早与我们联系，并告诉能否成行及具体时间 Please accept our warm welcome and sincere invitation 请接受我们热情的欢迎及诚挚的邀请 On the occasion of …….. 值此….之际 Anniversary 周年纪念 R.S.V.P. 请赐复
6. 求职
I am writing to apply for …, which was advertised… 我欲申请在…广告上提供的…职位
I should like to apply for the position ( of ….) mentioned in your advertisement in … 你们登在…的广告上提到要招聘一名…， 我想申请这一职位
In applying for the position of …, I offer my qualifications ,which I believed will meet
your requirements
我欲申请…职位，我相信我的条件能满足你们的现行要求 A copy of my antecedents is enclosed for your reference 兹附上个人资料一份，供您参考
I have enclosed a copy of my resume for your review 随信附上简历一份，供您参考
Enclosed please find a resume and a photo 随信附上简历及一张照片
I am good at …/ I have a thorough knowledge of …./ I have a fair knowledge of 我擅长…/精通….
I shall be glad to call at any time for an interview 我将随时恭候您对我的面试
If you would like to schedule an interview, I can be reached at … 你如能安排面试，请联系…
I would welcome the opportunity for a personal interview with you at your convenience 请在你认为恰当的时候给于面试机会，我将不胜感激 I would appreciate it if you could …
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如蒙…将不胜感激
7. 举荐（推荐）
I take pleasure in recommending… 我乐意推荐
I write to recommend… 兹举荐….
I strongly recommend one’s admission to … 我恳切的举荐…被录取到…
I consider it a great honor to recommend …. 我有幸举荐
Your favorable consideration of his application for … would be most appreciated 如能对他的…申请给于考虑，我们将不胜感激
If I may be of further assistance, please feel free to contact me 如我还能提供更多版主，请尽管与我联系
Should you wish further information, please do not hesitate to contact me 如还需更详尽信息，请与我联系
8. 通知：
Passengers are requested to note that …. 旅客们请注意…. …. requested that … …要求…
It is expected that …/It is hoped that … 希望…
We are pleased to inform you that … 兹通知….
9. 请假
I enclose doctor’s certificate and ask you for sick leave of 3 days 现附上医生证明并向你请假三天
I ‘m writing to ask for a 2-day sick leave 现请病假两天
I’m afraid I have to rush to … tomorrow on urgent business 因急事我得马上赶往…
The doctor advised a rest of 3 more days. Please give an extension of leave for as many
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days
医生建议再休息三天，请准予续假
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