高考英语复习 语法填空专练6篇
Passage 1(2017课标全国Ⅱ)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included
digging up the road, 3 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 5 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7 every day.
Later, engineers 8 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 9 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10 (success)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
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Passage 2(2017浙江)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 2 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 3 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 4 (I),” says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years 5 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 7 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again,” she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 10 wonder.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 3(2016课标Ⅰ)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
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Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1 (attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 2 (allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3 (official)given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 5 I was the first Western TV reporter 6 (permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 7 (introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8 (it)mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9 (day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 10 other is with mum—she never suspects.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 4(2016课标Ⅲ)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl”cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 1 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
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Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 2 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3 (create)special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots,
4 (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 5 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 6 (gradual)turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 7 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 8 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 9 (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 10 their hands.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Passage 5(2015课标Ⅱ)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
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The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 1 (build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2 most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3 (able)to “air condition”a house without 4 (use)electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5 (slow)during cool nights, thus warming the house.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6 (cool)the house during the hot day; 7 the same time,they warm up again for the night. This cycle 8 (go)day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As 9 (nature)architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Passage 6(2015课标Ⅰ)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yangshuo,China
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It was raining lightly when I 1 (arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours 2 ,I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with 3 (it)choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 5 (painting).Instead,I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,it’s only an hour away 6 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo 7 (be)really beautiful.A study of travelers 8 (conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it 9
(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people 10 (live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
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答案全解全析
Passage 1
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,讲述了世界上第一条地铁——伦敦地铁的起源和铁路最初的发展历程。
1.crowds 本题考查名词。avoid“避免”后可跟名词或动名词作宾语。因为此空前有形容词terrible修饰,故排除动名词形式;crowd作“人群”解时,为可数名词,故需用复数形式。 2.from 本题考查介词。由语境可知此处指“上下班(to and from work)”。 3.laying 本题考查动名词作宾语。由上文中的included digging 和下文的and then building可知,此处为并列的动名词作included的宾语。 4.the 本题考查冠词。此处表特指,故需用定冠词修饰名词。
5.were used 本题考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Steam engines和use之间为被动关系,且由上文语境和下文的must have been可知叙述的是过去发生的事,故需用一般过去时的被动语态;又因主语是名词的复数形式,故be动词需用were。 6.fairly 本题考查副词。修饰形容词unpleasant需用副词形式,故填fairly。 7.it 本题考查代词。此处指代上文中提到的the railway,需用代词it。
8.managed 本题考查动词的时态。此处叙述的是过去的事情,需用一般过去时,故答案为动词的过去式。
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9.introduction 本题考查名词。由空前的定冠词可知,此处需用名词形式,动词introduce去“e”加后缀-tion构成名词形式。
10.successful 本题考查形容词。由句意“伦敦中心地铁是这些新铁路线中最成功的线路之一……”可知句子的主干为主系表结构,此处为形容词作表语,the most暗示了答案。 [长难句] It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. 它花了三年的时间才建成,并且是用一种有趣的方法建造的。
and后面省略了主语it,using an interesting method是非谓语动词作方式状语。 Passage 2
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Lena奇迹般地从自家的菜园里找到了她丢失了十六年的戒指的故事。
1.carrots 根据a handful of可知,设空处应该用复数形式,表示拔出了一把小胡萝卜,因此用carrots。
2.shiny/shining 根据上下文可知,此处指“闪光的东西”,所填单词作定语,表示特征,因此用shiny或shining。
3.so 此处考查so...that...结构,意为“如此……以至于……”。
4.myself 她认为我伤着我自己了。根据语境可知,此处应该用反身代词。 5.earlier 此处表示“十六年前”,earlier……之前。 6.to cook 此处用动词不定式表目的。
7.searched 此处所缺单词是谓语动词,讲述的是过去的事情,因此应该用一般过去时。 8.swept 此处表示“戒指可能被扫到了厨房垃圾里面”。根据语境可知,此处应该用swept。 9.where 此处所缺单词引导定语从句,并且在定语从句中作地点状语,因此用where。 10.a 此处所填单词用来修饰名词wonder,同时表示泛指,因此用不定冠词a。
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Passage 3
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。文章描述了作者和熊猫结下的不解之缘。
1.attraction 考查名词。设空处作表语。句意:但是对于像我这样的旅行者,熊猫是成都最吸引人的东西。attraction n.吸引人的事物。
2.was allowed 考查动词的时态和语态。由句子结构可知此处为谓语动词。主语“I”和动词“allow”之间为被动关系,根据上句中的谓语动词was可知,文章叙述的是过去发生的事,需用一般过去时,故此处需用一般过去时的被动语态。 3.officially 考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词。
4.to 考查介词。go back to“追溯到,回溯到”,为固定短语。
5.when 考查定语从句。先行词the mid-1980s为表示时间的名词,且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when引导。
6.permitted 考查非谓语动词。此处应用过去分词作后置定语。
7.introducing 考查动名词。动词include后缺宾语,需用所给动词的动名词形式作宾语。 8.its 考查代词。此处为it的形容词性物主代词,意为“它的”。
9.days 考查名词的复数形式。few修饰可数名词复数,故其后的名词需用复数形式。 10.the 考查冠词。one...the other...“(两者中的)一个……另外一个……”,为固定结构。 [长难句] But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.但是,我同熊猫的联系可追溯到二十世纪八十年代中期我做一档电视节目的日子,当时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个照料在野生环境下被从饥饿中拯救的熊猫的特别单元的西方电视台记者。
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本句为主从复合句。when引导非限制性定语从句。过去分词短语permitted...作定语修饰reporter。
Passage 4
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了筷子及其发展的历史。
1.and 考查并列连词。此处表示并列关系而不是选择关系,其模式为“A,B,C and D”。故填并列连词and。
2.be made 考查情态动词和被动语态。be made of表示“由……制成”,根据设空前的情态动词might可知,此处填be made。
3.to create 考查不定式。此处不定式作目的状语。 4.using 考查现在分词。现在分词在此处作伴随状语。
5.as/when 考查连词。根据语境可知,此处用连词as/when引导时间状语从句。 6.gradually 考查副词。此处用副词修饰turned into。
7.who 考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词Confucius(孔子)指人,故需用关系代词who引导定语从句。
8.development 考查名词。由设空前的冠词the和设空后的of可知应用名词。 9.were 考查动词时态和主谓一致。由并列连词and连接宾语从句中的两个并列结构可知和would remind并列的应为谓语动词,故用be动词的过去式,又因knives为复数形式,故用were。
10.with 考查介词。由语境可知设空处意为“用”,故填with。
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[长难句] Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.一些人认为这位中国伟大的学者——大约生活在公元前551年至479年的孔子,影响了筷子的发展。
本句为复合句。that引导宾语从句,who引导非限制性定语从句。 Passage 5
[语篇解读] 你见过不用空调就能自动调节温度的房子吗?美国西南部的普韦布洛村落的印第安人就能修建这样的房子。本文介绍了普韦布洛村落的印第安人的神奇土坯房以及其自动调温的过程和原理。
1.built 考查非谓语动词作定语。非谓语动词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语为逻辑上的被动关系,故用built。
2.the 考查冠词。该空后面是最高级标志词most,表示“最……”,故用定冠词the。 3.ability 考查词性转换。该空由their修饰,根据句意及the/one’s ability to do的固定搭配可知应填名词ability。
4.using 考查非谓语动词作宾语。该空前有介词without,故用using。 5.slowly 考查词性转换。该空修饰动词短语give out,故用副词形式。
6.to cool 考查非谓语动词作状语。“be+adj.+enough”后需用不定式作状语。 7.at 考查介词。根据固定搭配at the same time (同时)可知答案。
8.goes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。整篇文章均用一般现在时叙述,且This cycle为第三人称单数,故用goes。
9.natural 考查词性转换。该空修饰名词architects,应用形容词natural。
10.how 考查宾语从句的引导词。此处说的是“普韦布洛村落的印第安人可以精确地计算出土坯房的墙需要有‘多’厚”,故填how。
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Passage 6
1.arrived 考查动词的时态。由语境可知说的是过去的事,故用一般过去时。
2.before/earlier 考查副词。由句子的谓语动词是过去完成时可知,该动作发生在“过去之前”,故填before或earlier。
3.its 考查代词。此处为形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词smog。
4.that/which 考查定语从句。先行词为the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River,指物,且关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填关系代词that或which。 5.paintings 考查名词的复数形式。名词前有many修饰,故需用复数形式。 6.by 考查介词。by乘,坐(交通工具等)。by car坐小汽车。
7.is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处叙述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,故填is。
8.conducted 考查过去分词短语作定语。主语a study和动词conduct之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。
9.regularly 考查副词。修饰动词arranges应用副词形式。
10.living 考查现在分词短语作定语。被修饰的名词与动词live之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式。
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