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动词的三种变化规则

2021-02-25 来源:星星旅游
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(b)原形动词词尾“ch,sh,o,s,x”+“-es”: teach(教)→teaches wash(洗)→washes go(去)→goes

kiss(吻)→kisses fix(安装)→fixes

(c)原形动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时,去“y”后加“-ies”,若是“元音字母+y”,只加“-s”:

study(学习)→studies play(游戏)→plays

注:本项规则的“第三人称单数”是指句子的主语。例如: I go to school on a bicycle every day . You go to school on a bicycle every day. She goes to school on a bicycle every day.

2、现在分词(也称“-ing”形)

(a)原形动词词尾+“-ing”。 speak→speaking(说) study→studying(学习) go→going(去)

(b)原形动词词尾为“-e”时,去“-e”后+“-ing”。 live→living(住) make→making(制造)

(c)原形动词词尾为“-ie”时,先把“-ie”改为“-y”后+“-ing”。 lie→lying(卧,躺) die→dying(死)

(d)原形动词词尾为“短元音+辅音字母”时,先双写词尾辅音字母后再+“-ing”。 plan→planning(计划) kid→kidding(开玩笑) get→getting(得到) stop→stopping(停止) put→putting(放置)

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动词的三种变化规则

1、第三人称单数一般现在时形 (a)原形动词词尾+“-s”: help(帮助)→helps come(来)→comes

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shut→shutting(关闭)

注:双音节动词若其词尾的词形如本项的情形,但重音落在第一音节者直接加“-ing”,若是重音落在第二音节者则依本项规则加“-ing”。

visit →visiting(访问) begin →beginning(开始)

(e)原形动词词尾为“元音+l,r”并为重读音节时,常重复词尾后再加“-ing”。 compel →compelling(强迫) prefer→preferring(宁要)

3、过去式和过去分词

(a)原形动词词尾+“ed”。 rain →rained(下雨) walk →walked(走) need →needed(需要)

(b)原形动词词尾为“e”时,加“-d”。 live →lived(住) like →liked(喜欢)

(c)原形动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时,去“-y”后加“-ied”,若是词尾为“元音字母+y”,只加“-ed”。

study →studied(学习) play →played(游戏)

(d)原形动词词尾为“短元音[$,!,-,&,)]+辅音字母”时,先双写该辅音字母后再+”-ed“。 chat →chatted (闲谈) kid →kidded(开玩笑) beg →begged(恳求) stop →stopped(停止) bud →budded(萌芽)

注:双音节动词若其词尾的词形如本项的情形,但重音落在第一音节者直接加“-ed”,若是重音落在第二音节者,则依本项规则加“-ed”。

visit →visited(访问)

omit →omitted(省略)

(e)原形动词词尾为“元音+l,r”并为重读音节时,常双写词尾后再加“-ed”。 compel →compelled prefer →preferred

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英语字母“c”后面接“e,i”时通常都发[s]音,例如: face,city。因此,如picnic作动词使用时,其词形变化为了要保住其词尾的[k]音,通常都先加“-k”之后再加“-ing”或“-ed”。例如:

We went picnicking last Sunday. (上星期天我们野餐去了)。

We picnicked in a park by a lake. (我们在湖边的一处公园野餐了。)

练习:请按指示做下列各动词的词形变化。

原形 第三人称单数形式 -ing形 过去式 例:change changes changing changed

1.walk ______ ______ ______ 2.reach ______ ______ ______ 3.snow ______ ______ ______ 4.name ______ ______ ______ 5.push ______ ______ ______ 6.work ______ ______ ______ 7.test ______ ______ ______ 8.drop ______ ______ ______ 9.turn ______ ______ ______ 10.finish ______ ______ ______ 11.study ______ ______ ______ 12.open ______ ______ ______ 13.close ______ ______ ______ 14.pass ______ ______ ______ 15.shop ______ ______ ______

1. A---A---A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形) 动词原形(现在式) 过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割,切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤

2. A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形) beat beat beaten 打

3. A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形) come came come 来

become became become 变 run ran run 跑 4. A ---B ---B型

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(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。 burn burnt burnt 燃烧

learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见

(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送

spend spent spent 花费

(3)其他

pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说

bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买

think thought thought 想

sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫

stand stood stood 站

understand understood understood 明白

win won won 得胜

shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光

catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教 feel felt felt 觉得

fight fought fought 战斗 find found found 发现 get got got 得到

hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死,挂 have had had 有

hold held held 盛,握 leave left left 离开 make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见 sell sold sold 卖 shoot shot shot 射击 tell told told 告诉

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smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,闻 sit sat sat 坐 dig dug dug 挖

5. A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同) (1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。 eat ate eaten 吃

fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给

freeze froze frozen 冻结 take took taken 拿 see saw seen 看见

write wrote written 写 ride rode ridden 骑

drive drove driven 驾驶

throw threw thrown 抛,扔 blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道

fly flew flown 飞

draw drew drawn 拉,绘画 show showed shown 展示

(2)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。 speak spoke spoken 说话

break broke broken 破碎,折断 wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose chosen 选择

forget forgot forgotten 忘记

(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。begin began begun 开始 ring rang rung 按铃 sing sang sung 唱 sink sank sunk 沉 swim swam swum 游泳 drink drank drunk 饮

(4)其他不规则动词的变化。 be(am, is) was/ were been 是 be(are) were been 是 do did done 做 go went gone 去

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lie lay lain 躺 wear wore worn 穿 补充回答:

(1)大多数动词在词尾加“s”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。(发音的例外情况在第(5))

如:①stop-stops [s];make-makes [s];②read-reads [z];play-plays [z] (2)以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[z] 如:fly-flies [z]; study-studies [z]; worry-worries[z] (3)以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz] 如:teach-teaches [iz]; watch-watches [iz] (4)以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z] 如:go-goes [z] ;do-does [z]

下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。 如:1、do [du:]-does [d?z] ; 2、say [sei]-says [sez]

(5)以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s],[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音, 与所加“s”一起读做[iz]。 如:close-closes [iz]

在现在进行时中,动词通常要改为-ing形式,也就是动词通常要变为现在分词。变化规则是: (1)直接在动词后面加-ing。 如:

1. do-doing 做 2. stand-standing 站 3. sleep-sleeping 睡觉

4. eat-eating 吃 5. sing-singing 唱 6. drink-drinking 喝

7. read-reading 读 8. look-looking 看 9. walk-walking 散步

10. watch-watching 看 11. draw-drawing 画 12. fly-flying 飞

13. open-opening 打开 14. jump-jumping 跳 15. do-doing 做 16. paint-painting 绘画 17. pick-picking 捡 18. play-playing 玩

19. talk-talking 说话 20. cook-cooking 烹饪 21. see-seeing 看见

22. learn-earning 学习 23. catch-catching 抓住 24. climb-climbing 爬

25. count-counting 数数 26. clean-cleaning 打扫 27. fish-fishing 钓鱼 (2)以不发音的e 结尾的要去e 加-ing。 如:

1. come–coming 来 2. dance-dancing 跳舞 3. close-closing 关 4. make–making 制造 5. ride–riding 骑 6. write-writing 写 7. take-taking 拿走 8.dance-dancing跳舞 9. move–moving 移动;搬

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10. have–having 有 11.leave-leaving离开 (3)重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ing。 如:

1.sit-sitting 做 2.swim-swimming 游泳 3.run-running 跑

4.cut–cutting 切 5.put–putting 放 6.get-getting 得到

7.shop-shopping 购物 8.begin-beginning 开始 9.stop-stopping 停止

(4)以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加ing;主要要记住两个单词。(非重点,提提就可以了)

lie-liying(说谎) die-dying(死亡)

一般过去时主要体现在动词的形式要用过去式,动词又分为不规则动词和规则动词。其变化规则有:

A.规则动词的过去式

①一般是直接在动词的后面加ed;

如:1.work-worked 工作 2.learn-learned 学

习 3.clean-cleaned 清洁 4.visit-visited拜访,参观 ②以e结尾的动词直接加d; 如:1.live-lived居住 2.dance-danced 跳舞 3.use-used 使用

③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed (此类动词较少)

如:1.study–studied 学习 2.carry – carried 搬动 3.worry – worried担心 而以元音字母加y结尾的动词的变化规则也是直接加ed 如:play-played 玩 stay-stayed 停留;依靠 ④双写最后一个字母(此类动词非常少) 如:stop-stopped

B.不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式(一下内容还是过多,有些比较少见):

1.sing–sang唱歌 2.eat–ate吃 3.see–saw看 4.have–had有 5.do–did做 6.go–went去

7.take –took带走 8.buy–bought买 9.get–got到达 10.read–read阅读 11.fly–flew飞 12.am/is –was 是,有

13.are–were是,有 14.say–said说 15.leave–left离开 16.swim–swam游泳 17.tell–told告诉 18.draw–drew 画画 19.come–came来 20.lose–lost失去 21.find–found找到

22.drink –drank喝 23.hurt–hurt受伤 24.feel–felt 感到 25.put-put放置 26.drive-drove开车 27.write-wrote写

28.win-won赢 29.begin-began开始 30.sit-sat坐

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31.give-gave给 32.catch-caught抓住 33.teach-taught教

34.sleep-slept睡觉 35.sweep-swept打扫 36.know-knew 知道

在记这些变化规则的时候要谨记的一个:单数形式后面加“s”或“es”,动名词和现在分词后面加“ing”,过去式后面一般加“ed”。

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