新编英语教程第五册 教案
Unit One Hit the Nail on the Head
Teaching Objectives:
1.Get to know the important words and useful phrases and of Text One and take down all the important language points the teacher explains. 2. Understand the implications of the complex sentences 3. Grasp the structure and the theme of Text One.
4. Learn the writing skills used in the text: analogy and selecting topic. 5. Revise and strengthen the grammatical knowledge from exercises in workbook. 6. Compose a paragraph using analogy. Teaching Difficult Points:
1. Learn the important words and useful expressions:
drive something home/ subtle/ scrupulous/ subtle/far afield / rife/
malapropism
/coercion/
epitomize/disprove/expire/indigent
2. Understand the application of analogy in Text One. 3. Grasp the writing skill—writing topic. Teaching Procedures: Session One
Text I Hit the Nail on the Head I． Pre-reading Questions
❖ Have you ever hit a nail into a box? What’s the correct way of doing it? ❖ What dose the proverb “ hit the nail on the head”mean? ❖ Can you see the connection between the proverb and our writing? ❖ Force the nail to the right place ❖ It means exactly right in words or action（恰如其分） The author advises that the English students should try to get the words, phrases and sentences completely right for their purposes in their writing. 2. Useful Expressions:
Hardware: lock, padlock, bolt, keyhole, hinge, rivet, screwdriver, spanner vise, saw, plane,
Head: the head of the table: the end of a table usually occupied by the host/hostess, the
head over heels/ears: with one’s body turned upside down somebody’s head rolls : somebody is executed or assassinated
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one’s head rules : wisdom, commonsense, caution or self-interest, determines one’s conduct
one’s head swells: one thinks very highly of oneself head to tail : placed, or following each other II． Dictionary Work
1. drive something home:force (the nail) into the right place; make something unmistakably clear
2. Deft: effortlessly skilful
3. scrupulous: painstaking, meticulous 4. subtle : hardly noticeable 5. far afield : very far away 6. rife : widespread, common
7. leader : British English for newspaper editorial 8. Coercion: pressure, compulsion
9. epitomize : be typical of; serve as the typical example of 10. disprove : prove to be contrary; refute 11. expire : die, pass away; come to an end 12. indigent : poverty-stricken, penniless III． Background Information.
1. Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880), French novelist, was associated with, thought not representative of, the movement of naturalism and known as one of the greatest realists of nineteenth-century
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France. He devoted his life to long hours spent in heavy toil over his work.. His writing is marked by exactness and accuracy of observation, extreme impersonality and objectivity of treatment, and precision and expressiveness in style, or the principle of the mot juste.（他的作品以细致观察和剖析之风而闻名，特别是他那“客观而无动于衷”的创作理论和精雕细琢的艺术风格，在法国文坛上独树一帜）
2. Mrs. Malaprop is a famous character in Sheridan’s comedy The Rivals (1775). She is noted for her blunders in the use of words. “As headstrong as an allegory (alligator) on the banks of the Nile” is one of her grotesque misapplications. She also requests that no delusions (allusions) to the past be made. She has given us the word malapropism as a name for such mistakes. 3．Hindi is a literary and official language of northern
India. Swahili is a Bantu language that is a trade the governmental language over much of East Africa and in the Congo region. Bantus are people belonging to a group of tribes found in equatorial and southern Africa.
4．Carpenter The chief work of the carpenter is to cut, shape, and fasten lumber, timbers, and other materials according to the intention of the designer. Building plans show dimensions and locations, but rarely give the carpenter all the necessary information. A carpenter must draw on experience and ingenuity of many part of the job. Most carpenters work in crews of general contractors or a re employed as maintenance workers in buildings, factories, or institutions.
5．Christmas is the festival celebrating the birth of Christ. In most countries it is observed on December 25. Christian churches throughout the world hold special services on Christmas Day to give thinks for the birth of Christ. In addition to religious observances, Christmas is a time of merrymaking and feasting. Wherever Christmas is celebrated, there is a spirit of kindness and giving, in keeping with the Biblical message: Glory to God in the highest; and on earth peace, good will toward men.
6．Dickens, Charles (1812-1870), an English novelist. He tried in his work not only to entertain but to bring about social reforms. In his novels Dickens attacked such evils as poor houses, unjust courts, greedy employers, faulty schools, and imprisonment for debt. IV. Language Points
1. hitting it … squarely on the head — hitting it directly on the head, Squarely, meaning “directly” may be used both literally and figuratively. Examples:
The boxer hit his opponent squarely on the jaw. We must face the difficulty squarely.
2. an apt phrase — a very suitable phrase. An example using apt: He made an apt remark that broke the silence.
Apt may also mean “having a tendency to do something” or “likely”. Example: He is apt to lose patience when his question is not answered.
3. scrupulous writers — writers who are thorough, exact, and who pay careful attention to details 一丝不苟的作家 Unscrupulous不择手段的，肆无忌惮的，the opposite of scrupulous, seems to be more
often used to describe people who do not care about honesty and fairness in getting what they want, or who are completely without principles.
4. that constitutes his limitation — that makes up/forms his shortcoming or inability in certain respects
Constitute, meaning “make up” or “form” , may be used in various contexts. Examples:
England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland constitute the United Kingdom. Twelve months constitute a year. 5. your conception of the man is … sharper— your idea of the man is … more distinct Sharp, as an abjective, has various meanings in various collocations, e.g., a sharp (thin-edged) knife, sharp (keen) eyes, a sharp (shrill) voice, sharp (harsh) words, a sharp (severe) pain, among many others. 6. human and humane
human — relating or characteristic of humankind or people
humane — having or showing compassion or benevolence. Humane is an earlier form of human. The two words are of the same origin.
7. selfishness 自私opportunism 机会主义cowardice 胆小ignorance 无知
8. rife — widespread, common. Rife is an adjective used with something negative. Examples:
Crime and violence were rife in this city before liberation. Diseases used to be rife in that county. 9. singularity of mind 思想奇特
singleness of mind 思想专一,专心致志
10. draw aside — pull to one side. An example using draw aside: The sheet was drawn aside to reveal the patient’s ribs.
draw aside may also mean “take somebody on one side (to talk to him quietly or confidentially). Example:
The manager drew me aside and muttered something about security. Session Two
I. Language Points
1. Leader: British English for newspaper editorial a leader about
2. Coercion: government by force coerce, coercive
3. Epitomized: summarized
4. Hit on: come across, discover
5. Distill: to purify, especially some liquid distill the essence of… distillation 6. Fine shades of difference, tiny difference: little difference, subtle difference 7. Be alive to: be aware of, know fully well
You may be alive to what is happening around you. 8. Marked difference: conspicuous difference
9. He expired in indigent circumstances: this is a very awkward sentence. Expire
is often used to mean \"reach the end of the period of time for which something is valid.\" Expire meaning \"die\" is a very formal use.
10. March: walk with firm regular steps, especially backwards and forwards Pace: walk with slow, steady steps, especially backwards and forwards Patrol: go at regular times round an area, building, etc. Stalk: walk stiffly, proudly, or with long steps
Stride: walk with long steps or cross with one long step Tread on: step on
Tramp: walk with firm heavy steps Step out: go outside or go somewhere
Prance: move quickly, happily, or proudly with a springing step
Strut: walk proudly or stiffly, especially with the chest pushed forward and trying to look important
Prowl: move about an area quietly, trying not to be seen or heard Plod: walk slowly along
Stroll: walk a short distance, slowly or lazily, especially for pleasure Shuffle: walk by dragging one's feet slowly along
Stagger: walk or move unsteadily and with great difficulty, almost falling Sidle: move uncertainly or secretively, as if really to turn and go the other way
Trudge: walk with heavy steps, slowly and with effort
Toddle: walk with short, unsteady steps, as a small child does Ramble: go on a walk for enjoyment
Roam: wander with not very clear purpose
Saunter: walk with an unhurried way, and especially in a confident manner Meander: wander in a slow easy way
Lounge: move in a leisurely, indolent manner
Loiter: move slowly or keep stopping when one should be going forward Creep: move slowly, quietly, and carefully so as not to attract attention 11. take courage: feel hopeful and confident about something. We will take courage to overcome the difficulties. 12. Not in current use: obsolete II. Questions and Answers
Session Three
1. Text Analysis Structure:
Para. 1 Introduction --- it is an analogy between the hammering of nails and the use of language to express oneself. A man with a poor command of a language, not sure what words to use to express himself, is just like a man clumsy with a hammer, unsuccessful in his effort to strike a nail right into a box. / A man with a good command of a language, just like a skillful carpenter who easily drives home the nail with a few firm, deft blows, will drive home his point firmly and exactly with the right words and expressions.
Paras. 2-3 The significance of finding the right words
Paras. 4-7 Semantic difference between words sharing the same root
Para. 8 Wrong choice of words caused by failure to recognize their connotations Para. 9 Stylistic differences between synonyms
Para. 10 The abundance of specific words in English for general notions
Para. 11 Conclusion --- English has a large vocabulary, however, only around 12,000 words are used today. Thus choose the words precisely and exactly. 2. Analogy:
An analogy is a special kind of comparison and a more concrete way to explain things. It can help to make some vast, remote, abstract, or specialized thing clear. Of the two things being compared, one is an unfamiliar subject, usually a difficult or abstract subject the writer makes a point of clarifying, and the other a familiar subject, an easy subject the writer utilizes to help explain his unfamiliar subject. Exercises:
1. oral practice: Use the way of analogy to illustrate your ideas of dormitory life/ your love for your parents/ the friendship between you and one of your best friends
2. Written work: write a short summary of \"Hit the nail on the head\how the writer uses \"analogy\" to illustrate an abstract point.
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