大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷170 (题后含答案及解
析)
题型有: 5. Translation
Part Ⅳ Translation
1. 大熊猫被称为“中国国宝(China’s national treasure)”,是中国特有的动物。大熊猫外表黑白相间,体型肥胖,是一种温顺可爱的动物。它们主要生活在中国西南地区,80%以上分布于四川境内。它们习惯居住在温暖潮湿的环境中,喜欢吃竹类。由于生育率低,对生活环境的要求又相当高,它们的数量越来越少。中国政府早已意识到这一问题的严重性,所以做出了很多努力来保护这一濒危物种。
正确答案: Referred to as “China’s national treasure”, panda is an animal unique to China. With a black and white coat as well as a fat body, it is a gentle and lovely animal. Pandas live mainly in the southwest part of China, over 80% of them living in Sichuan Province. They are accustomed to living in warm and wet environment. Bamboo is their favorite food. Because of low birth rate and high requirement for living environment, the number of pandas is declining. Having realized the seriousness of the problem, Chinese government has made a lot of efforts to protect the endangered species.
解析:l.第1句的前半句可使用过去分词短语Referred to as作状语,置于句首;“中国特有的”可译为unique to China。2.在翻译第2句时,可把大熊猫的外貌特征“外表黑白相间,体型肥胖”用介词短语Witha…coat as well as...body来表达:“大熊猫是温顺可爱的动物”则视为主句,从而避免出现三个孤立的并列英语短句。3.在第3句中,“80%以上分布于四川境内”可译为独立主格结构over 80% of themliving in Sichuan Province.对该句的前半句进行补充说明。4.“(它们)喜欢吃竹类”可考虑译成一个独立的句子,理解为“它们最喜欢的食物是竹类”,用bamboo作主语可起到强调作用。5.“由于生育率低,……要求又相当高”可考虑把原因译为两个并列的名词性短语lowbirth rate和high requirement,用Because of引出这两个名词性短语。6.最后一句是个因果关系句,可考虑把前半句的“因”译为现在分词短语,置于句首,在句中充当状语;而把后半句的“果”译作主句。“来保护这一濒危物种”可译为动词不定式短语,作定语修饰“努力(efforts)”。 知识模块:段落翻译
2. 低碳经济(low—carbon economy)是在保护环境的基础上实现可持续发展(sustainable development)的经济模式。目前,越来越多国家正向低碳经济转型。中国也不例外。中国过去的发展模式是由高能耗、低成本制造业拉动经济增长。近年来,在经济增长的同时也破坏了环境。为了实现可持续性发展,政府已承诺将采取切实行动,发展低碳经济,保护自然环境。
正确答案: Low-carbon economy is a kind of economic mode of realizing sustainable development on the basis of environmental protection. At present, an increasing number of countries are making the transition towards low-carbon economy. China is no exception. In the past, China’s economic growth was mainly driven by high-energy and low-cost manufacturing. In recent years, the economic growth has also destroyed the environment. To achieve the sustainable development, the government has promised to take concrete actions to develop low-carbon economy and protect the natural environment.
解析:1.第1句的主干是“低碳经济是经济模式”。翻译难点是如何表达“经济模式”之前的一串长长的含有介词短语和动词的定语。有两种处理方法,第一,把“实现可持续发展”转换成介词短语of realizing…作为economic mode的后置定语。“在……基础上”译成on the basis of...放至句末;第二,将定语转译成修饰economic mode的定语从句,即economic mode that realizes...on the basis of…。2.第2句中的“越来越多国家”可译成an increasing number of countries或moreand more countries;注意本句表达正在进行的事情,因此应使用现在进行时。3.第3句“中国也不例外”,可单独译成一句,也可将其整合到上一句中,译成Anincreasing number of countries,including China,are making…。由于上下文的主题都是在讲中国的经济发展模式,故用前一种译法能更好地与上下文衔接。4.第4句的主干是“发展模式是……”,故可译成带表语从句或同位语从句的句子,即Inthe past,China’s economic pattern is that…,或In the past,China followedthe economic pattern that…。或可适当地减译“发展模式”,译成China’seconomic growth is driven by…,也能清楚表达文意。5.第5句为汉语中的无主语句,汉语中没有明确的主语,翻译时有两种处理方法:第一,译成被动句,即the environment has been destroyed along with the economicgrowth;第二,将句中的状语“在经济增长的同时”转译为英文句子的主语,即theeconomic growth has also destroyed the environment。6.最后一句中的“为了实现……发展”为目的状语,故译为不定式短语置于句首。句末的“发展低碳经济,保护自然环境”是“采取行动”的目的,可处理为并列的不定式。 知识模块:段落翻译
3. 麻将(Makjong)是一种来自中国的四人玩的游戏。每副麻将有136张牌(tile),一般用竹子、骨头或塑料制成。麻将是一种需要技术、策略、计算和一定运气的游戏。麻将在中国十分受欢迎,流行于社会各个阶层和领域。有人认为它是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,也有人认为它与赌博有关,会引发很多社会问题。但是它的存在是当今中国人无法回避的现实。
正确答案: Mahjong, a game from China, is commonly played by four players. A set of mahjong contains 136 tiles, which are usually made of bamboo, bone or plastic. Mahjong is a game of skill, strategy and calculation and involves a certain degree of luck. Being well received all over China, mahjong is popular with people of all classes and fields. Some think it is an important part of Chinese traditional culture, while others hold that it may lead to many social problems because it is related to gambling. But the existence of mahjong is an unavoidable reality for Chinese today.
解析:1.“来自中国的”可用介词短语from China作定语修饰game,置于Mahjong之后,作为插入语;“四人玩的”可译为被动语态be played by four players。
2.“每副麻将”可译为a set of mahjong;“一般用竹子、骨头或塑料制成”可译作由which引导的非限制性定语从句。3.“麻将在中国十分受欢迎”可用现在分词短语(Being well received...)的形式来表达,作为原因状语,置于句首;“流行于社会各个阶层和领域”可理解为“在……中流行”,译成短语be popular with…。4.在倒数第2句中,“与赌博有关”和“引发社会问题”中存在因果关系,前者是因,后者是果,故可将“引发社会问题”译为主句,而“与赌博有关”则译为原因状语从句(because it is related to gambling)。 知识模块:段落翻译
4. 关于中国美食(cuisine)的电视节目数不胜数,但像《舌尖上的中国》(A Bite of China)这样受欢迎的不多。这部最新的七集纪录片,从地域、历史以及文化等方面深入探讨了中国人的饮食。中国美食有悠久的历史和富有特色的传统烹饪手法。这一节目试图呈现出更多有关食物的文化元素,如饮食习惯和饮食道德(ethic)。在展现中国饮食文化辉煌成就的同时,也反映出中国的社会变迁。
正确答案: There are numerous TV programs on Chinese cuisine, but few are as popular as A Bite of China. The latest seven-episode documentary offers insights into the geographical, historical and cultural aspects of Chinese diets. Chinese cuisine has a long history and distinctive traditional cooking techniques. The program tries to present more cultural elements related to food, such as eating habits and ethics. While it expresses the glory of Chinese food culture, it also reflects China’s social transformations.
解析:1.第1句的前后两个分句语义转折,故译成由but连接的并列句。前一个分句缺少明显的谓语成分,故可考虑译成there be结构;后一个分句采用反说正译的方法,译成few are aus popular as…。2.一第2句的主干部分是“这部纪录片探讨了饮食”。本句难点在于“深入探讨”的表达。译文巧妙使用了offer insights into,名词insights本身具有“深入了解和洞察”之义,因此,“深入”一词可减译。也可译成probes into...或go deeply into….3.注意第3句中的“烹饪手法”要译成techniques(技术、技巧),而非method(一般的做事方法)或者skill(技能,主语是人)。4.从句子结构来看,最后一句是一个主从句,“在……的同时”可用连词while引导的状语从句表达。从句子成分来看,最后一句隐匿了主语“节目”,因此需要增译主语,为避免重复,译成代词it。 知识模块:段落翻译
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