过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态。 1)Daisy was amazed.
2)Jim, don’t be so upset. Everything is all right now. (2)作定语
1)Papers cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples.
2)There was a man called Hippoments who was amazed when he heard of Atlanta’s rules. (3)作状语
过去分词作状语多表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。
1)When offered help, one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you”.（表时间） 2)Frightened by the noise outside, the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.（表原因） 3)The lady returned home, followed by the famous detective Homes.（表伴随） (4)作宾语补足语
过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, feel, leave, have, make, get等动词后作宾语补足语。
I’d like to see the plan carried out.
注：在have后可用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示特殊的含义。 1.Now let’s have all the windows cleaned.
现在咱们来擦洗所有的窗户。（自己和别人一块做） 2.I had my computer repaired yesterday. 昨天我找人修好了电脑。（找人修理） 3.She had her money stolen on the bus. 在公交车上她的钱被偷了。（遭遇某种情况） 注：动名词与现在分词的区别
因为动名词与现在分词在形式上都是v+ ing的形式，所以难免会有所混淆，但是我们可以从二者的句子成分上去加以比较，便很容易区分。
因为动名词由动词变化而来，保留了其某些动词特征，如可带自己的宾语和状语，这里叫动名词短语，但其最大的特点是它相当于一个名词，可作主语、宾语、表语与定语。而现在分
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词可做的句子成分则是表语、定语、状语与补足语。所以来说，我们只要区分作定语与作表语时的v+ ing是动名词还是现在分词便可了的。
首先，作表语时，如果v+ ing作表语相当于名词，是动名词；如果相当于一个形容词，则是现在分词。
1.The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring. (现在分词) 2.One of the best exercises is swimming.(动名词)
其次，作定语时，一般来说，动名词只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于…的，”或表示“处于某件事情中的…”的含义，意为“功能、性能或用途”，并且动名词与其所修饰词并没有什么逻辑上的主谓关系。而现在分词作定语时，现在分词和它所修饰的词则有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：reading room 阅读室（动名词） sleeping bag 睡带(动名词) swimming pool 游泳池（动名词） reading material 阅读材料（动名词） waiting room候车室（动名词） the rising sun旭日（现在分词） a sleeping girl 睡觉的女孩（现在分词） developing country 发展中国家（现在分词） 二、高频词汇和词组识记
curious好奇的； custom习俗； customer消费者； conclusion结论； contribution贡献； daily每日的； dangerous 危险的； decade十年； definitely明确地，肯定地； deliver投递； declare宣布； deserve应受，值得； description描述； design设计 break up with和某人分手 by accident 偶然
by all means 尽一切办法,务必 by chance 偶然,碰巧 by means of 用,依靠 by mistake 错误地,无意地 三、课时作业 （一）选择题
（2014福建卷）30. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________.
A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected 【举一反三】—What made little Tony so unhappy and cry in his room?
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— ______ to go hiking with his brother. A. Having not been allowed
B. Not having allowed
C. Having not allowed D. Not having been allowed 【举一反三】________ many times, he still repeated the same mistake. A. Having been told
B. Having told
C. Telling
D. Told
（2014四川卷）5. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort. A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop 【举一反三】The specialist at the meeting will give us a lecture next week . A. referred B. referred to C. referring D. referring to
（2014天津卷）7. Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
A. writing B. to write C. written D. being written
【举一反三】 in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park. A. Opened
B. Having opened C. Opening
D. Being opened
（2014重庆卷 ）5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ______ to our shop for quality problems.
A.turning B. returned C. to turn D. to be returned
【举一反三】Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing （二）直击高考考点（语法填空和短文改错），注意加粗部分 1、语法填空（2015新课标II卷）
The adobe dwellings(土坯房）___61___(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ___62___ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __63___(able) to “air condition” a house without ___64__（use）exotic equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat__65___（slow）during cool nights，thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __66 _ (cool) the house during the hot day: __67__ the same time, they warm up again for the night This cycle __68 __ (go) day after day: The walls warm up. During the day and cool off
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during the night and thus always a timely offset（抵消）for the outside temperatures. As __69__(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly__70__thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 2、短文改错（河南省高二模考）
I couldn’t believe my ears when I heard my name calling. I was chosen to play the leading role in the play，that was my dream. As a shy and thin girl, I used to be quite afraid of speaking in the public. But my parents and teachers always encourage me to do so. Now I have changed great. In class, I am often the first one to stand up and answer questions even if I may take some mistakes. No pains，no gains. Now I am always brave enough overcome the difficulty in my heart and have changed in a lively girl. So my experience shows that we should not be afraid of losing face but only in this way can we make progresses.
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