外研版英语必修一知识点归纳
第一单元
第一部分词汇短语过关
1. __________ adj. 热心的， 热情的→enthusiasm n. 热心；热情 2. ________ adj. 令人惊异的→ _______ v. 使吃惊→ ________ adj. 感到吃惊的→ amazement n. 惊愕， 惊异 3. __________ n. 信息→ inform vt. 通知， 告知
4. __________ n. 指示， 用法说明→ instruct v. 教导， 命令， 指示
5. ______ adj. 令人厌烦的→ _______ adj. (对某人/事物)厌倦的， 烦闷的→ ______ vt. 使厌烦
6. ___________ adj. 尴尬的， 难堪的 → __________ v. 使困窘， 使局促不安→ _____________ adj. 令人为难的 → embarrassment n. 窘迫；为难
7. __________ n. 行为， 举止→behave v. 举动， 举止
8. __________ n. 描述；形容；描写→ describe vt. 描写， 记述
9. _______ vt. 使(人)印象深刻；使铭记→ __________ n. 印象， 感想→ impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
10. __________ n．纠正， 改正→correct adj.正确的→ _______ v．改正， 纠正， 批改 11. __________ v. 鼓励， 激励→ __________ adj. 鼓舞人心的→ ___________ adj. 受到鼓舞的， 更有信心的 → encouragement n. 鼓励， 奖励
12．enjoyment n. 享受， 乐趣→ _______ v. 享受， 喜欢→ ________ adj. 令人愉快的， 有乐趣的 13．fluency n. 流利， 流畅→ _______ adj. 流利的， 流畅的
14. _____________ adj. 失望的→ ______________ adj. 使人失望的， 令人失望的→ disappoint vt. 使失望→ _____________ n. 失望
15. _________ n. 助手， 助理→ assist v．帮助
短语检测
1．与……相似 8．期待；盼望 2．某人对(做)某事的态度 9．对……印象深刻 3．离……远， 远非 10．在……开始的时候 4．一点不像， 与……完全不同 11．在……结束的时候 5．玩得很开心 12．被(划)分成…… 6．起初， 一开始 13．参加 7．换句话说 14．课外活动 第二部分 语法精讲
一.because,since,as,for,because of的区别（语气由强到弱）
(1) because 表示的原因是必然的因果关系，语气最强，通常放在主句之后，有时也放在主句之前。 (2) 回答why 提出的问题，只能用because, 不能用其余三者。如： A：Why can’t I go? 我为什么不能去？
B：Because you are too young. 因为你太年轻了。
(3) because 引导的从句可用于强调句，其余三者不能。哪： It’s because he is kind that we like him. 是因为他对人友好，我们才喜欢他。
(4) because 从句可用表语，其余三者不能。如：
This is because the earth is travelling round the sun. 这是因为地球在围绕太阳转。
(5) not… because 这一结构中的not 有时否定主句，有时否定从句，一般应根据句子的意思作出正确的(合逻辑的)理解。若 not 否定主句，最好在because 之前用逗号，否则容易引起歧义： I didn’t go because I was afraid. 1) 我没有去是因为我怕。 2) 我不因为怕才去。
不过若because 之前有just 修饰，一般认为not 只能否定从句。如：
You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 不要因为有些人说你的坏话而生气。
(6) 表示“……的原因是因为……”这一意义时，一般要用The reason why…is that…。如： The reason why he cannot come is that he is ill. 他不能来的原因是(因为)他病了。 注：在阅读中有时也可见到The reason why...is because...这样的说法，但比较少见。 2. 关于since 和 as (1) since和as表示的原因是人们所知的，是对已知事实提供理由，而不表示直接原因。since比as语气稍强，且比as略为正式，两者通常都放在主句之前，有时也放在主句之后。如： 学习指导参考资料
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Since you feel tired, you should rest. 既然你感到累了，你应该休息。
As he was not will, I decided to go without him. 因为你身体不好，我决定独自去。 (2) since 可用于省略句，而其它三者不能。如：
Since so, there is no more to be said. 既然如此，就再没有什么好说的了
(3) since “因为,既然” 侧重主句，主句表示显然的或已知的理由。强调说话者和听者双方都知道的原因，常译为“既然”，一般用在这样的句子里。例如：
Since we've got a few minutes to wait for the train, let's have a cup of coffee. (4) as 是从属连词，说明一般的因果关系，语气比because弱，说明比较明显的原因，它引导的从句通常放在句首，有时也可放在句末。
例如：As it is raining, you'd better take a taxi. 天下雨了，你最好乘出租车。 3. 关于for
(1) for是并列连词(其作三者为从属连词)，它有时可表示因果关系(只能放在主句之后，且可与because换用)，有时不表示因果关系，而是对前面分句的内容加以解释或推断(也只能放在主句之后，但不能与because换用)。如：
The ground is wet, for (或because) it rained last night. 地面是湿的，因为昨晚下过雨。
It rained last night, for (不能用because) the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚下过雨，(你看)今天早上地面都是湿的。
(2) for “因为,由于”表明附加或推断的理由，引导的分句前常有逗号。for分句不放句首.是用来附带解释或说明前一分句的原因和理由。例如： Day breaks, for the cock crows.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. I won't go in, for my father is there.
（5）because of是介词短语，在句子作状语，后面只能跟名词，代词，或者what引导的从句。
Because of my bad leg ,I couldn’t walk so fast as the others.由于我的腿坏了我不能像其他人走得那么快。置于句首做状语但用逗号与其他部分分开
Because of his wife’s being there, I said nothing about it.因为他妻子在场我对此事只字未提。(接-ing分词）
He realized that she was crying because of what he had said.他意识到她在哭是因为他说的那些话。(接what从句)
练习：用because,since,as,for,because of填空
1.Why do you like the teacher?----_________he is kind and enthusiastic. 2.It was _____ his mother was ill that he came to school late this morning. 3._____it is hot,let’s go swimming
4.Parents should take seriously their children’ requests for sunglasses_______eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.
5.______ he can’t answer the question,you’d better ask someone else. 6.He realized that the teacher was angry _______what he had said.
7.________I haven’t seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it. 8.The days are short,for ________it is now December. 改错
1.They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning. 2.Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.
二.be similar to:与......相似
The weather of Beijing is similar to that of New York北京的天气与纽约的天气很相似 Be different from与...不同。
Their tastes are different from mine他们的爱好与我的不同。 （1）Your views on education are similar _____mine. A in B to C from D with
(2)I saw no difference in Paris. It’s just like our Shanghai. A similar B likely C like D same
be similar in在...方面相似 The two house are similar in size. 翻译：
（1）她在很多方面与她妈妈相似 （2）他的外套和你的相似。
三..–ed形容词和–ing形容词的用法区别
学习指导参考资料
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传统的观点许多参考书认为：-ing形容词与表示事物的名词连用，-ed形容词与表示人的名词连用。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠准确，在许多情况下却是不可靠的。如-ing 形容词用于人的情况就比比皆是：假若你的老师说话幽默、讲课生动，那么不仅他的课非常interesting，而且你会说他是一个 interesting man(有趣的人)。 比较：
I’m interested in interesting people. 我对有趣的人感兴趣。
He was worried about his worrying son. 他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。 He was annoyed with the annoying person. 他对这个讨厌的人很生气。 另一方面，-ed 形容词用于指物的情况也不少见。比较并体会： a frightened look 害怕的表情(指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕) a frightening look 吓人的表情(指这种“表情”令人害怕) an excited talk 心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动) an exciting talk 令人激动的谈话(指听“谈话”的人心情激动)
由于传统的观点说得太绝对，有时做起题来还可能会因此掉入命题人的陷阱 _____ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _______？
A. What, interesting B. What, interestedC. How, interesting D. How, interested 正确的观点关于-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别，比较准确的表述应该是：
1. 以后缀 –ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如： He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。
第一句中的a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑； 第二句中的 a very excited voice 指的是“很激动的声音”，即指的是某人因很激动而发生那样的声音。 原则上，-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为 air(神态), appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪)<'Times New Roman'\">), mood(等显示某人的情感状况的名词。
2. 以后缀 -ing 结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如：
The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。 请再比较并体会以下句子：
He is frightened. 他很害怕。He is frightening. 他很吓人。 He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。 He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。
I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。 I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。 学练结合请做做以下试题，看你是否能克服原来的思维定势，能否跳出命题人的陷阱：
1. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____.
A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry
2. The little boy isn’t getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _____, she feels very ______.
A. disappointing;worrying B. disappointing;worried C. disappointed;worried D. disappointed;worrying
3. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, ______.
A. safe but tired B. safely but tired C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring 4. As we all know, typing is a ______ job to a ______ heart.
A. tired; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiring 5. Poor boy! His________ looks and ________hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; trembling
C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembly
说明主语因……而产生的情绪反应，从而影响到人的身体部位……trembling。 ed形式及常见短语与 ing形式形容词归纳
excited (be ~d about) / exciting amazed (be ~d at) //amazing surprised (be ~d at) //surprising embarrassed(be ~ed in) //embarrassing 学习指导参考资料
完美WORD格式编辑
encouraged(be ~ed at / by) / encouraging tired (be ~d of) / tiring frustrated (be ~d of) / frustrating bored (be ~d with) / boring interested (be ~ed in) / interesting relaxed (无固定搭配) / relaxing thrilled (be ~ed at) / thrilling fascinated (be ~d by) / fascinating terrified (be terrified at/ of / with) / annoyed (be ~ed with) / annoying terrifying moved (be ~d by) / moving pleased (be ~d with) / pleasing, = pleasant worried (be worried about) / worrying satisfied(be satisfied with) / satisfying confused (be confused about) / confusing frightened (be ~ed at / of ) / frightening
练习：
一 用括号内所给动词的-ed形式或-ing形式填空
1. The children were ____after the trip. （tire） 2. The trip was____. （tire）
3. The ____children went to bed early after the trip. （tire） 4. The ____trip lasted a whole day. （tire） 5. The trip made the children____. （tire） 6. The bad weather made the trip____. （tire）
7. Tom’s parents are ____ at his ____ results of the exams．（disappoint） 8. ____and angry, he left the meeting-room. （disappoint） 9. It is ____that he didn’t pass the examination．（disappoint）
10. When hearing the____ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were____to look at each other. （surprise）
11. He was ____ about his ____ son. （worry）
12. I'm not ____with his interpretation of this sentence. （satisfy） 13. He was ____with the ____person. （annoy）
14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a____ look on his face. （frighten） 15. The situation here is ____and we are____. （encourage） 二 巩固练习：
1. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front ______to arrive.（2008·全国卷I） A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected 2. —Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? (2008·上海高考) —Terry? Never! He _____ tents and fresh air!
A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates
3. By the time he realizes he ____ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008·山东高考)
A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked
4. So far this year we ______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008·福建高考)
A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen
5. Some of the people who ________ to the party can’t come now. (2008· 烟台模拟) A. had been invited B. have been invited C. are invited D. invited
6. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____. A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry
7. The little boy isn’t getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _____, she feels very ______.
A. disappointing; worrying B. disappointing; worried C. disappointed; worried D. disappointed; worrying
8. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, ______.
A. safe but tired B. safely but tired C. safe and tiring D. safely and tiring 9. As we all know, typing is a ______ job to a ______ heart.
A. tired; tired B. tired; tiring C. tiring; tired D. tiring; tiring 10. Poor boy! His________ looks and ________hands suggested he was very afraid.
A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; trembling C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembly
11._____ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _______？
A. What, interesting B. What, interested C. How, interesting D. How, interested
四.倍数的三种表达法：
学习指导参考资料
完美WORD格式编辑
1. Americans eat ________ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many
2. Paper produced every year is _______ the world's production of vehicles.
A. the three weight of B. three times the weight of C. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavier as
3.With the help of the German experts， the factory produced ______ cars in 1993 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 4. This ship measures ________ that one.
A. as twice as long B. as twice long as C. twice long as D. twice as long as
5. After the new technique was introduced， the factory produced _______ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many as C. as twice as many D. twice as many 五impress v.使印象深刻
(1) impression n. 印象；感想 impressive adj. 给人留下深刻印象的
(2) impress sb. with sth. 某物给某人留下印象 be impressed by/with 对……印象深刻
例He impressed me with his wisdom=I was impressed with /by his wisdom他的智慧给我留下了深刻的印象。
(3) impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人意识到重要性
Her talent impressed itself on my mind她的才华在我心里印象深刻 (4) make an good/bad impression on sb. 给某人留下印象 练习
1.The headmaster ______a very good impression on the parents at the meeting A got B took C made D did
2.She impressed everyone______her beauty. A by B with C on D in 3.用适当的介词填空
（1）The child impressed us______clever
（2）The people present were all impressed ______his sense of humor （3）The old man’s word were deeply impressed _____my memory 用impress或其短语的正确形式填空
(1) When I asked Mike what impressed him most about the hostess, he told me he was deeply _____________the hostess’ enthusiasm. I agreed that the hostess’ enthusiasm was really __________ and it made a great _____________ me too. (2) I _____________Peter the importance of the meeting. 六.look forward to dong sth期盼着做某事。 look back (on/to sth.) 回想， 记起 look on 旁观
look out (for sb./sth.) 小心， 当心， 留心(某人或某物) look ____through___ sth. 仔细检查， 快速阅读(某物) look sth. up 查阅， 向上看 look up to sb. 赞赏/尊敬某人
look down on/upon 轻视， 看不起 look ___into__ 调查
Every child is looking forward to the Spring Festival. 每一个孩子都期盼着过年 We are looking forward to seeing each other soon. 我们期盼着尽快看到彼此 The day I have been looking forward to _____soon A will come B come c came D coming
The day we had been looking forward to ________ at last. A．come B．had come C．came D．coming
根据语境用look短语填空 (1) She ______________ her notes before the exam. (2) __________There’s a car coming. 学习指导参考资料
完美WORD格式编辑
(3) A working party has been set up to __________the problem. (4) Can you __________the time of the next train? 七.that ,it, one , ones, the one 与the ones(those)的区别 （1）. it
1) 代替上文提到的名词，指代同一事物(同名同物)，不能带修饰语： ---Do you want the magazine? ---Yes，I want it. I don't want to drink the tea．It is too hot．
2) it用作人称代词时，可指已知的或暗含的事实或情况，或用作形式主语/宾语，也可替代性别不明的婴儿。
Once the supermarket closes, it will mean that 200 workers will be laid off. No, she was not at home last night. What about it? It would be a pity to miss it. It is not worth getting upset.
It's probable that we'll be a little late.
I find it difficult to talk to you about anything serious. She thought it a waste of time arguing with him. George made it dear that he disagreed. 2. one
1）代替上文中出现过的单数可数名词，表泛指（同类但不是同一） 前面可以有冠词或形容词， 也可以有this或that或another，但 前不能有物主代词：
I have 1ost my pen．I’m going to buy one. This pen doesn’t work. I must buy another one. I prefer this one to that one. 比较：
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like a small one with a garden. I’m looking for a flat. I’d like one with a garden.
（不能说：... a one with a garden.）
2）one作为不定人称代词, 可泛指“任何一个人”，有one's 和oneself形式。多用于正式文体，口语中也可用he/his代替第二个one/one's.
One has to take care of oneself and one's family if he can. One shouldn't hesitate to correct his/one's mistakes.
If one wants to see the ruins, he must find his own guide. (如果一个人想看那废墟, 他必须找自己的向导。)
One of the girl students hasn't handed in _____ composition.
A. one's B. his C. their D. her 3．ones是one的复数形式，常用来代替复数可数名词，表泛指，前面 不用物主代词修饰，也不用these或those来直接修饰，除非ones前面 有形容词：
I have a new coat and several old ones.
These yellow waistcoats are so small. I want those green ones. 4 the one替代表特指的单数名词：
Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. Hand me my coat. It's the one hanging on the wall.
Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me. 5 the ones替代表特指的复数名词：
Don’t buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.
I’d like to try on those shoes，the ones at the front of the window. Are they the ones who moved here recently?
6．that用来代替上下文中的名词，它表示与前面同类不同一的东西。that既可代替不可数名词，又可代替单数可数名词，其后总有后置定语，一般不指人：
1) Life in the countryside seems more exciting than that in town.
I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city. 2) 指代可数名词时，that相当于the one
My room is better than that/the one next door. 3) 若后置定语为 of 引起的介词短语，则通常用 that。
The price of wheat is higher than that of rice.
The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
学习指导参考资料
完美WORD格式编辑
7．those是that的复数形式，可用来替代可数名词的复数形式，表示特指;有时the ones和those可互换使用，常有后置定语：
The students in our class work harder than those in their class. The book is more difficult than those we have read before.
Students who do well in examinations are those ［the ones］ who like to ask questions in class.
观察并分析下列句子中的one/ones:
1 I’m reading a new book these days , _____ in English. A. it B. that C. one D. which 2 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure. (02全国 35)
A. that B. one C. it D. what
3. My most famous relative of all, _____ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather. (06江苏 22)
A. one B. the one C. he D. someone 比较：
1 Can you lend me a pen?—Sorry. I haven’t got one. Can I borrow your pen?—Sorry， I’m using it.
2 My uncle bought me a dictionary and I like it very much.
Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me. 3 替代表特指的单数名词可用 it， that， the one。
1）替代事物时，三者均可用；替代人时，只能用 the one。
Who is her husband? —The one by the window. (用 the one，替代人） 2） 当有前置定语修饰时，只能用 the one。如： Which do you want?—The red one.
She would rather have the small one than the large one. 3）当有后置定语修饰时，通常用 the one。如：
He said he would have the one near him. 他说要靠近他的那一个。 Is that the one that was published recently? 是最近出版的那一种吗? 4）若后置定语为 of 引起的介词短语，则通常用 that。
5 those 来替代表特指的复数名词，尤其是当其后有 of 引导的介词短语或 who 引导的定语从句修饰时。如：Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色光线波长的两倍 Those of you who wish to go on the trip may sign up here. 你们中间想参加这次游览的人可以在这里签名
His ideas are little different from those of his friends. 6. 当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用 one（s）来替代。如： Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? （不能说：... or tea ones? ） 但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用 one（s） 替代。如： We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 练习：
1. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one 2. ---Do you like ______ here?
---Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. A. this B. these C. that D. it 3. I’m reading a new book these days , _____ in English. A. it B. that C. one D. which
4. Mr Green gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already taken them. A. one B. the ones C. some D. the others
5. — Have you ever seen a snake alive ? — Yes , I’ve seen _____. A. that B. so C. one D. it
6. I prefer a street in a small town to _____ in such a large city as Shanghai. A. that B. it C. this D. one 7. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，____ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what 8. —May I help you with some shoes，sir? —Yes，I’d like to try on those white___. A. one B. ones C. two D. pair
1. If I can help _____ , I don't like working late into the night. 学习指导参考资料
完美WORD格式编辑
(06全国I 26)
A. so B. that C. it D. them
2. My most famous relative of all, _____ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather. (06江苏 22)
A. one B. the one C. he D. someone
3. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _____ her duty to look after all the other people's affairs in that town. (06湖南 26)
A. this B. that C. one D. it
4. Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed _____ to _____ and then posted it at the nearby post office. (06安徽 34)
A. it; her B. it; herself C. herself; her D. herself; herself
5. I prefer a flat in Inverness to _____ in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom's. (05天津 15)
A. one B. that C. it D. this
6. I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _____ in the city. (05江苏 26)
A. ones B. one C. that D. those
7. We've been looking at houses but haven't found _____ we like yet. (05浙江20) A. one B. ones C. it D. then
8. Cars do cause us some health problems － in fact far more serious _____ than mobile phones do.(05江西 24)
A. one B. ones C. it D. those
9. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _____ from some wood we had. (04全国I 24)
A. it B. one C. himself D. another
10. I like _____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (04全国II 27) A. this B. that C. it D. one 11. － Do you like _____ here?
－ Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life, everything is nice. (04全国Ⅲ 32) A. this B. these C. that D. it
12. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure. (02全国 35)
A. that B. one C. it D. what 八..join join in take part in和attend的用法比较
1 .join有两个用法：
(1)指加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其成员之一，意为：“参军、入团、入党”等。 如： When did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么时候参军的？ She joined the Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先队。
(2)和某人一道做某事，其结构为：join sb. in (doing) sth.，根据上下文，in (doing) sth. 也可以省去
Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗？ He'll join us in singing the song. 他将和我们一道唱歌。
We're going to the East Lake Park on Sunday. Will you join us? 我们打算星期天去东湖公园。你跟我们一道去好吗？
2. join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。 如：Come along, and join in the ball game. 快，来参加球赛。
Why didn't you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？
3. take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥积极作用。 We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation. 暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。
We often take part in physical labor. 我们经常参加体力劳动。
take part in是惯用词组，part前一般不用冠词，但part前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。 Lincoln took an active part in polities and was strongly against slavery. 林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制。
4.attend是正式用语，及物动词，指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等。句子的主语只是去听，去看，自己不一定起积极作用。
学习指导参考资料
完美WORD格式编辑
如：He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要参加一个重要的会议。 I attended his lecture. 我听了他的讲课。 【活学活用】
(1) They all ____________________ the discussion, but reached no conclusion. 他们都参加了那次讨论， 但没有达成任何结论。
(2) I got to know her when I __________ my friend’s birthday party. 我是在参加朋友的生日聚会时认识她的。
(3) So far many people _____________the club. 到目前为止， 已经有很多人加入了这个俱乐部。
九.in other words 换句话说， 也就是说 (1) that is (to say)/i. e. 也就是说 (2) in a/one word 一句话；简而言之 (3)have a word with sb. 和某人谈谈 (4)keep one’s word 守信用， 履行诺言 【活学活用】
(1) He is to arrive the day after tomorrow, ______________, he will be here on May 1st. 他后天到达， 也就是说， 他5月1日到。
(2) _____________, the government must take measures to prevent it from happening. 总之， 政府必须采取措施阻止此事的发生。
十..nothing like (not similar to sth. at all; quite different from sth.)一点不像……；与……完全不同 (1)something like 几分像， 有点像， 大约， 差不多 (2) nothing but 只有， 仅仅 (3)anything but 一点儿也不， 根本不
【活学活用】
(1) The attitude towards what one eats in the west is _____________ that in the east. 中西方对于饮食的看法迥然不同。
(2) He spent _____________200 yuan on books last month. 他上个月买书大约花了200元。 (3) It tastes ______________melon. 这吃起来有点像甜瓜。
(4) _____________a miracle can save her now. 现在只有奇迹才能救活她。
(5) Judging from his graceful manner, he is ____________a criminal. 从他优雅的举止判断， 他绝不可能是个罪犯。
十一．.be divided into 被分成 divide sth. into sth. 把……分成…… divide sth. (up) between/among sb. 分配， 分享， 分担 【易混辨析】
divide和 separate
两词都含“分开”的意思。
(1) divide 指施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分。如： Our class is divided into four groups. 我们班被分成四组。
(2) separate 指把原来在一起的人或物分开， 或把混杂在一起的东西分开， 有时含有强行分隔的意味， 也可指“分离”， 其后常与from连用。如：
Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开， 好吗？ 【活学活用】
(1) She ____________________four equal shares. 她把食物分成相同的四份。
The children __________ the candies among themselves. 孩子们把糖果分着吃了。
(3) They walked a mile together and then __________. 他们一道走了一英里， 然后就分手了。
十二．instruction n．用法说明， 操作指南， 吩咐；[C]命令， 指示 (1) instruct v. 教；命令；指导 instructor n. 辅导员；教练 (2) follow instructions 按照说明/指示 carry out one’s instructions 执行某人的命令 学习指导参考资料
完美WORD格式编辑
当表示具体的“用法说明、操作指南”意义时， 要用复数形式instructions。 【易混辨析】
instructions 和directions
两词都可表示“操作指南， 用法说明”， 但是directions还可以指“行路指南”(instructions on how to get from one place to another)。 【活学活用】
(1) Be sure you read the ____________________ before using any piece of equipment. 在使用任何一项设备前请务必看说明书。
(2) Let’s stop and ask for __________ to her house! 咱们停下来问问去她家怎么走吧！
十三．cover vt. 掩盖， 覆盖；包含， 涉及；占(多少面积)；走完(一段路)；f够付(费用)；报道(事件) n. 盖子， 覆盖物；封面；掩盖， 掩饰 (1) cover…with sth. 用……覆盖/遮盖某物 be covered with 被……覆盖 (2) cover the cost of 够支付……的费用 cover up 遮盖， 盖住；掩饰， 隐瞒 【活学活用】
1. 根据汉语意思完成句子 (1) Will $100 _______________ this shirt? 100美元够不够支付这件衬衫的费用？ (2) Mum was worried, but she _____________by joking. 妈妈很着急， 但是她用玩笑掩盖了过去。 根据语境判断下列句子中cover的含义 (1) By sunset we had covered thirty miles. __________ (2) The BBC will cover all the major games of the tournament(锦标赛). __________ (3) Her overconfident attitude was a cover for her nervousness. _________ (4) The survey covers all aspects of the business. __________ 十四.far from 离……远；一点也不， 远非
far from后常接名词、代词、形容词或动名词作宾语。 【活学活用】
1. 根据汉语意思完成句子 (1) He is ___________________________________________. 他绝对不傻。 (2) Far from __________ the situation, they have made it worse. 他们非但没有改善情况， 反而弄得更糟。 单项填空 —You’re not angry then? — ________ it. I’ve never laughed so much in my life. A．Rather than B．Far from C．More than D．Other than 汉译英
1.我叫李康。我住在石家庄离北京不远的城市。它是河北省的省会城市。今天是我在高中的第一天，我正在写我的想法。
2.我的新学校很好我知道为什么。老师们都很热情友好教室很棒。每个房间都有一个特别的电脑屏幕几乎与电影屏幕一样大。老师写在电脑上他们的言语在屏幕上显示出来。屏幕也显示照片文字和信息的网站。他们是非常的棒。
学习指导参考资料
完美WORD格式编辑 3.
我不会厌烦沈老师的课. 4.
5.沈女士想帮助我们改进我们的拼写和书写。我们做得很有趣态度，其他学生的行为表明：他们也非常喜欢她。
6.我班上有六十五个学生——
有拼写游戏和其他活动。我非常喜欢她的
学习指导参考资料
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