1. Charlie Parker, _____ was one of the creators of the music style called \"bop.\" (A) a great jazz improviser who (B) to improvise great jazz (C) a great jazz improviser (D) improvised great jazz.
答案: C
分析:空格位于主语谓语之间，空格处可能是非限制性定语从句、定语、主语同位语或状语。 A.who后面没有从句，排除
B.不定式短语，一般做目的状语，表示还没有发生的动作，不合题意，排除 D.有谓语动词，但缺少从句引导词和从句主语，故也排除。 C.为名词短语做主语同位语，故选C
翻译参考:C帕克,一名伟大的爵士乐演奏者，是波普音乐形式创立者之一。
2. The world's deepest cave, Pierre St. Martin in the Pyrenees Mountains, is almost three times as deep _____.
(A) as the Empire State Building is high. (B) That the Empire State Building is higher. (C) Is higher than the Empire State Building (D) And the Empire State Building's height.
答案：A
分析：空格前为as+形容词，由此判断出此题为as……as结构，空格处应为as+比较对象，四个选项只有A 含有as故选A.
翻译参考：坐落于比利牛斯山脉的世界最深的洞穴——皮埃尔 圣马丁深度差不多是帝国大厦的3倍。
3. When Columbus reached the New World, corn was the _____ in the Americas. (A) widely most grown plant. (B) Most widely grown plant (C) Most grown widely plant (D) Plant widely grown most.
答案：B
分析：四个选项用词相同，但词序不同。由空格前有定冠词the可以判断出空格处的中心词为名词plant，名次前面的应该是形容词，副词应该放在形容词前，most构成副词最高级，应该放在副词前面，故选 B。
参考翻译：在哥伦布抵达新大陆时，玉米是美洲种植范围最广泛的农作物。
4. Because kaolin shrinks in firing at a different rate than ordinary clay, _____ when creating pottery using both types of clay.
(A) special handling is required (B) special handling required
(C) a requirement of special handling (D) the required special handling
答案：A
分析：空格前后都是从句，空格处缺少主句，由此首先排除不构成句子的C、D。require为及物动词，后面没有宾语，应该是被动语态，故选A
翻译参考：由于瓷土在烧制中具有同普通粘土不同的收缩比，因此在采用不同粘土做瓷器时特殊的处理是必需的。
5. The ceremonial Chilcat blanket of the Northwest Tlingit Indians was generally _____ from cedar bark, wool, and goats' hair. (A) wove (B) to weave (C) weaving (D) woven
答案：D
分析：被动语态D为唯一正确答案。
翻译参考：西北的美洲特里吉特印第安人通常用雪松树皮，羊毛绒，山羊毛来编织宗教仪式用的地毯。
6. _____ composed traditionally has been a subject of debate among scholars. (A) Were ballads how (B) Ballads were how they (C) How ballads that were (D) How ballads were
答案：D
分析：空格位于句首，由整个句子判断空格处缺少主语从句引导词和从句主语。A、B中从句引导词位置不对，C中多that。
翻译参考：歌谣是如何被口传创作出的是学者们争论的话题。
7. Jupiter, the closest of the giant planets to Earth, has _____ solid surface and is surrounded by zones of intense radiation. (A) not (B) nor (C) no
(D) neither.
答案：C
分析：空格前后构成完整的句子，空格处缺的是修饰宾语的词，四个选项中只有no符合这一条件，故选C..
A为副词，不能修饰名词，B、D一般需要搭配使用。
翻译参考：木星，这个离地球最近的大行星，没有固体表面，被强烈的辐射的区域包围。
8. The black-billed cuckoo has been known to steal eggs _____ to other birds. (A) belong
(B) which belonging (C) which they belong (D) that belong
答案：D
分析：空格前为完整的句子，四个选项中都有动词belong，由此判断空格处缺的是定语从句引导词和定语从句主谓语。 A只有一个谓语动词，显然不对。 B中belonging不能单独作谓语 C中多主语they
D为that引导的定语从句，正确
翻译参考：BB杜鹃从其他鸟类那里偷蛋的行为已经被知晓。
9. The purpose of phonetics is _____ an inventory and a description of the sounds found in speech.
(A) to provide (B) provided
(C) which provided (D) providing that
答案：C
分析：空格前为谓语动词，后面是并列的名词短语，空格处缺少能带宾语的非谓语动词，由此排除B D多that
C中which一般引导定语从句，前面应该有先行词，举重显然不是定语从句，故也排除 A为非谓语动词，可接宾语，故选A。
翻译参考：语音学的用途是提供一个目录库和一段在讲话所发中声音的纪录。
10.Earthquakes can damage a tree _____ violently, and it can take several years for the tree to heal.
(A) to cause shaking
(B) when shaking it causes (C) by causing it to shake (D) to cause to shake it
答案：C
分析：空格前为完整的句子，根据四个选项判断空格处缺状语成分。
A 、D为不定式短语，做状语时一般表目的或将要发生的动作，显然不合题意。 B 可做表事件的状语，但cause为多余的谓语动词 C 引导条件状语从句，符合题意，为正确选项
翻译参考：地震可以伤害一棵树并导致它剧烈的摇动，而树治愈伤害需要很多年。
11._____ bacteria in foods are killed, as they are during baking or stewing, decay is slowed down. (A) What (B) The (C) If (D) So
答案：C
分析：第二个逗号后为主句，前面两个句子都应该是从句，空格处显然缺从句引导词，由此排除B、D。
A中what放在句首时一般引导主语从句，主句中已有主语，所需从句不是主语从句，故A也排除。
C引导条件状语从句，符合题意，顾为正确答案。
翻译参考：如果食物上的细菌通过蒸煮或者烘烤被杀死，腐坏就会减速。
12.The colors and patterns of the wings of butterflies and moths help _____ the organism against predators. (A) protect
(B) being protected (C) protecting (D) protection of (D) (D) 答案：A
分析：空格前是谓语动词help，根据习惯，后面接带to的或者不带to的动词不定式，故选A。
翻译参考：蝴蝶和蛾翅膀上的色彩与图案帮助抵御生物天敌的猎食。
13.In 1993 the Library of Congress appointed author Rita Dove _____ of the United States. (A) as was poet laureate (B) was poet laureate (C) poet laureate (D) and poet laureate 答案：C
分析：动词appoint后面接双宾语，故选C。
翻译参考：1993年国会图书馆指定丽塔为国家桂冠诗人。
14.At the South Pole _____, the coldest and most desolate region on Earth. (A) Antarctica lies where (B) Where Antarctica lies (C) Antarctica lies and (D) Lies Antarctica
答案：D
分析：空格前方为表方位的介词短语放在聚首，逗号后为名词短语，空格处应为倒装得主谓结构，故选D
翻译参考：南极洲的极点是地球最冷的和最荒凉的区域。
15.Tornados, powerful, destructive wind storms, occur most often in the spring when hot winds _____ over flat land encounter heavy cold air. (A) which to rise. (B) that rising (C) are rising (D) rising
答案：D
分析：空格前有引导从句的词和从句主语，空格后为介词短语加动宾结构，空格处缺名词的后置修饰语。
A B中含从句引导词，但无谓语动词配合，排除。 C为谓语动词形式，不能修饰前面的名词，故也排除 D构成现在分词短语，可作名词的后置修饰语，故选D
翻译参考：龙卷风，强有力的破坏性的风暴，通常发生在春天当热风在平坦的土地上升遭遇强劲的冷空气时。
16.Many exercises such as calisthenics, running, or to swim involve producing
A B
muscle tension through a range of movements that are called isotonics. C D 答案：B
分析：根据平行原则，并列连词or后面的非谓语动词为-ing形式。 改正：to swim→swimming
翻译参考：象体操、赛跑、游泳这样的体育锻炼通过一系列被称为等压运动的行为锻炼肌肉张力。
17.Intelligence, education, and experience all helps shape management style. A B C D 答案：C
分析：主语为三个不可数名词构成的复数概念,谓语动词应改为复数形式。 改正：helps → help
翻译参考：才智、教育、经历都可以帮助管理风格的形成。
18. The basic elements of public-opinion research are interviewers, questionnaires,
A B
tabulating equipment, and to sample population. C D 答案：D
分析：根据平行原则,and连接的应为-ing形式。 改正: to sample→ sampling
翻译参考：公众调查研究的基础组成元素是被访者、问卷、编表机以及取样人群。
19. Conservation organizations help for to preserve the ecology of an area by keeping
A B C
track of endangered species. D 答案：B
分析：help to 为固定用法,。 改正：for to→ to
翻译参考：保护组织帮助保护那些生态地区以跟踪濒危物种。
20. Gwendolyn Brooks, which won a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1950, had 75 poems
A B C
published by the time she was twenty. D
答案：A
分析：先行词为指人的名词,定语从句的引导词应用关系代词who 改正：which → who
翻译参考：1950年普利策新闻奖得主格温多林· 布鲁克斯，在20岁时就已发表了75篇作品。
21. O Halifax is largest city and chief port of Nova Scotia and is the eastern terminus of
A B
Canada's two great railway systems. C D 答案：A
分析：形容词的最高级钱应该加the 改正：is largest →is the largest
翻译参考：哈利法克斯是加拿大新斯科舍省最大的城市和主要的港口，并且是加拿大最大的两条铁路系统的终点站。
22.T. S. Eliot received wide recognition after publishes The Waste Land, which fused A B
poetic traditions with elements of modern music and language. C D 答案：A
分析：after在句中作介词,后面不能接谓语动词,故改为非谓语动词。 改正：after publishes →after publisheing
翻译参考：埃利奥特在他的著作《荒废的土地》出版后受到广泛的好评，该书融入了诗歌的文体以及现代音乐和语言的元素。
23. Numerous types of cells, such as skin cells and white blood cells, have the power A B C D reproduce asexually.
答案：D
分析：reproduce为谓语动词,不能直接修饰名词,故改为非谓语动词。 改正：power reproduce → power to reproduce
翻译参考：许多类型的细胞，象皮肤细胞和白细胞具有强有力的无性繁殖能力。
24. The knee is more likely to be damage than most other joints because it is subject A B C to tremendous forces during vigorous activity. D
答案：B
分析：damage在句中作动词,因为是及物动词,后面没有宾语,而前面又有构成被动语态的助动词,因此改为过去分词构成被动语态。 改正：damage →damaged
翻译参考：膝盖比起其它的关节更易受到伤害，因为它在剧烈运动时需承受巨大的力量。
25.Although ferns lack flowers, they do have leaves, stems, and root. A B C D 答案：D
分析：root为可数名词,并列连词and前面的名词都是复数形式,故root也应该是复数。 改正：root → roots
翻译参考：尽管蕨类植物没有花朵，但是它们具有叶，茎以及根。
26. Crazy Horse is generally recognized for his courageous and skill, and he was
A B
revered by the Sioux as their greatest leader. C D 答案：B
分析：courageous为形容词,无法与and连接得skill并列。 改正：courageous and skill →courage and skill
翻译参考：疯狂的马--是对他的胆识和技能的认可，同时他作为S民族最伟大的领导者被尊敬。
27. In medicine, certain plastics have important uses because they do not affected by
A B C
chemicals in the body, and they do not harm the body. D 答案：C
分析：由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态,助动词do不能构成被动语态,故改为are。
注：信号词by是托福语法的重要信号词。 改正：do not affected → are not affected
翻译参考：在医学中，某些塑料制品具有很重要的用途，因为他们不受体内化学元素的影响，并且不会伤到人的身体。
28. Since a hospital is organized to protect and treat people who are ill, its goals,
A
structures, and functions depend on the currently state of medical science. B C D 答案：D
分析：currently为副词不能修饰名词,故改为形容词 改正：currently → current
翻译参考：一家医院有组织的保护和接受患者，取决于医学目前状态的得分，结构和功能。
29. A change in direction of the monsoon winds result from the differences between A B
the heating or cooling of landmasses and that of oceans. C D
答案：A
分析：主语为单数名词change,谓语动词应用单数 改正：result → results
翻译参考：季候风方向的变化是由于陆地和海洋冷热空气的差异造成的。
30. Small distinctions among stamps, unimportant to the person average, would mean
A B C
a great deal to the stamp collector. D 答案：B
分析：单个形容词修饰名词一般放在名次的前面。 改正：the person average → the average person
翻译参考：邮票上很小的差别对于一般普通人是不重要的，但是对于邮票收集者来说就蕴藏了巨大的商机。
31. Members of a nation's foreign service represent that country's interests abroad
A B
and report on the conditions, trends, and policies of the country which they are C D stationed. 答案：D
分析：定于从句中加不加介词主要决定于从句与被修饰的名词或短语的关系,如果被修饰的名词被关系代词取代后在从句中充当主语,则不用介词;如果在从句中充当状语,则要由介词引导.
改正：country which they → country in which they
翻译参考：国家的外交人员代表了国家对于海外国家的关心，并负责报道回他们所在国的条件、发展和政治状况。
32. Abraham Lincoln's boyhood home resembled those of many others mid-western A B
pioneers, with its dirt floor, sleeping loft, and crude fireplace. C D
答案：B
分析：others是名词不能再修饰名词,因此用形容词other 改正：others → other 翻译参考：亚伯拉罕· 林肯少年时代的家类似其它那些（美国）中西部先驱者的一样，有着脏乱的地板，阁楼卧室以及粗糙的壁炉。
33. Dwelling primarily in the ice northern polar seas, beluga whales are A B C characteristically small, white, agile, and elusive. D
答案：B
分析：ice为名词,不能修饰seas,故改为形容词icy. 改正：ice → icy
翻译参考：主要生活在冰冷的北极海洋的白鲸具有体小、白色、机敏以及难捉摸的特征。
34.There is evidence that the caribou originated into North America and crossed over
A B C
al land bridge into Asia and evolved into the Old World's reindeer. D 答案：B
分析：originate from 为固定搭配，来源于的意思。 改正：into → from
翻译参考：有证据表明北美驯鹿起源于北美，在穿过大陆桥进入亚洲后进化为驯鹿。
35.The bold way in which Margaret Mead defined the terms \"family\" - based as
A B C
much on choice as on biological relationship - is possibly the most enduring of her
D
legacies.
答案：B
分析：根据题意，term在句中应为单数。 改正：terms → term
翻译参考：基于生物学的关系MM大胆定义了术语“家庭”，是她遗留下来最不朽的。
36. The planet Mars is a freezing, barren deserts with huge, dry canyons and towering
A B C D volcanoes. 答案：C
分析：由信号词a可知被它修饰的名词为单数。 改正：deserts → desert
翻译参考：火星是一个冰冻的，荒芜的沙漠，有着巨大的、干燥的峡谷和高耸的火山。
37. Of the many machines invented in the late nineteenth century, none had a great
A B C
impact on the United States economy than the automobile. D
答案：C
分析：由信号词than可知句中应有一个比较级，故将形容词great改为比较级形式。 改正：great → greater
翻译参考：在19 世纪后期诸多机器的发明中，没有一个对美国经济影响超过汽车。
38. A number of the Pacific Islands are volcanoes that have pushed up from the ocean
A B
floor, others are the tops sunken mountain ranges. C D
答案：C
分析：top在句中做表语, sunken mountain ranges为修饰语,中间应用介词of连接. 改正：tops sunken → tops of sunken
翻译参考：许多的太平洋小岛是通过火山喷发形成到海平面之上的；另外的则是海底山脉的尖部。
39. It has been reported that during any twenty-four hour period, a minimal of three A B C
hundred North American women start their own businesses. D
答案：C
分析：a minimum of为固定搭配意为“最少量,至少”相当于at least,相对应的短语是a maximum of。注意: any twenty-four hour period没有错误, hour前不用连字符在美国英语里是可以接受的,但一般说成any 24-hour period, a 20-minute walk 改正：a minimal of → a minimum of
翻译参考：至少三百名北美妇女开始经营自己的生意的消息在过去24小时被报道。
40. Archeological studies have provided evidence that the use of plants for decoration
A B C
as well as for food developed early in the history. D
答案：D
分析：in history 为固定表达，意为“在历史上”加定冠词the则表示“在……的历史上”,一般后面要跟一个of+名词结构. 改正：the history → history
翻译参考：考古学的研究提供了关于在人类早期历史，种植的植物装饰用途的发展比食物用途要好的证据。
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