牛津译林版八年级英语下册8B Unit 4
一.【精选词汇】
㈠重点短语
1. hold a microphone拿着麦克风→比较：The host came on stage with a microphone in his hand.
2. Congratulations!祝贺你！congratulations在向别人表示祝贺、祝福时常用复数。(p60)
3. be chosen to be/as the host of a charity show →be chosen to be/as…被选作…
〈知识链接〉be chosen to do sth被选做某事，e.g. Hepburn was chosen to play the lead role.
4. fund-raising activities for charities为慈善机构筹款的活动，advertise on the Internet在网上做广告→advertise on TV/in the newspaper/in the magazine在电视上/报纸上/杂志上做广告，organize a charity show 组织慈善演出，sell books to raise money卖书来筹款 (p61)
5. give out leaflets发传单→give…out分发，动词＋副词结构，give it/them out。
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6. return to school重返学校→return ⑴回到return to＋地点 ⑵return sth to sb把某物归还某人
〈知识链接〉⑴return to…＝go back to…回到…⑵return sth to sb＝give sth back to sb归还…
①Hong Kong returned to China in1997. ②I remembered returning the book to the library.
7. help protect rivers and lakes in China帮助保护中国的河流和湖泊→help (to) do sth帮助做…
8. host a charity show主持慈善演出，start working on the show开始着手演出工作 (p62)
9. have a lot of support from local businesses得到当地企业的许多支持
〈知识链接〉have support from sb＝have sb’s support得到某人的支持，e.g. have my parents’ support.
business n.⑴企业；商行 ⑵事情①Mind your own business.＝It’s none of your business.不关你的事。②on business因公；公干He has gone to Beijing on business.③business hours营业时间
〈用法拓展〉⑴be busy with sth忙于某事 ⑵be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事(联想记忆：因为忙的时候人在做事，所以be busy之后用动词的ing形式) ⑶as busy as a bee
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极忙碌地
10. perform on the stage在舞台上表演→perform v. →performer n.表演者→performance n.表演
11. on the side door在侧门上，at both sides of the stage在舞台的两侧，in the middle of the stage在舞台的中间，in the four corners of the school hall在学校礼堂的四个角落里 (p67)
12. design the poster设计海报，set up the stage搭建舞台，ask friends and families to come (p70)
13. make a sentence造句→make a sentence with…用…造句，keep silent保持沉默，from now on从今以后(用于将来时)，since then自那时起(用于完成时)，day and night日日夜夜，first of all首先；最重要的是，care more about…多关注…→care more about the people in need，care only about…只关心…，care about…在乎…, 关心… (p72)
14. make/do a speech演讲→freedom of speech言论的自由 (p73)
㈡词汇解析
1. 中国的慈善机构：Project Hope希望工程，Spring Bud Project春蕾计划，Project Green Hope绿色希望工程，Save China’s Tigers拯救中国虎
2. TV cameras摄像机，TV station电视台→Chinese Central Television Station＝
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CCTV
3. rise ⑴vi. 上升，(太阳、月亮)升起→反义词set，e.g. ①The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。②The curtain rose. ⑵(水)涨高 e.g. The river rose after the rain. ⑶(物价)上涨 e.g. Prices have risen surprisingly.物价上涨得很惊人。
〈用法拓展〉⑴rise→rose→risen vi.上升；升起 ⑵raise→raised→raised vt.举起；升起，筹集
二.【重点句型】
1. Only if you sleep less during the day.只要你白天少睡一些觉 (p60)
〈知识链接〉only if…只要…就…；只有…才…
2. There are many ways to raise money for charity.为慈善筹款有许多方式。
3. A lot of work needed to be finished, so I don’t have much free time. (p62)
〈知识链接〉主语是事物时，need to be done＝need doing主动形式表示被动。
Your clothes are so dirty. They need washing./They need to be washed. (SeeUnit 3语法详解)
4. It was my job to introduce each star.我的工作是介绍每一个明星。
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〈知识链接〉当主语是job, duty, goal, purpose, aim, dream, wish等时，动词be之后用动词不定式作表语。e.g. ①Her duty is to clean the street. ②His dream is to be an explorer.
5. I couldn’t sleep at all that night because I was so excited. ‘Will it be a success?’ I kept asking myself.
〈知识链接〉⑴not…at all根本不…；一点也不…⑵kept doing sth反复做某事
⑶be a success成功＝be successful，be a big/great success非常成功
6. No time to be nervous any more. This is it! 没有时间再紧张了。就这样吧！
〈知识链接〉(There be) no time to do sth.没有时间做某事。e.g. There’s no time to have breakfast.
7. The fans of the pop stars were making a lot of noise, so I had to speak loudly.
〈知识链接〉⑴make a lot of noise大声吵闹→ make a noise吵闹；发出响声
⑵speak loudly大声说话→ read aloud朗读(动词＋副词结构)，read it/them aloud
8. Everything seemed to happen so fast, and now it is all over.
〈知识链接〉seem adj. 好像；似乎⑴seem (to be)＋形容词＝look＋形容词 seem
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(to be) happy
⑵Sb seems/seemed to do sth.＝It seems/seemed that sb do sth好像/似乎某人做某事，Everything seemed to happen so fast.＝It seemed that everything happened so fast. ⑶It seems to me that sb do sth.
9. A lot of money has been donated to Project Green Hope. →have/has been＋过去分词
〈知识链接〉donate sth to sb向…捐赠某物→sth be donated to sb某物被捐赠给… e.g.
People have donated tens of millions of yuan to Project Hope since it was founded in 1989.
10. I hope more events like this will be organized to raise money for charity and I think more people should be invited to take part in them. →more events like this更多像这样的活动
〈知识链接〉⑴invite sb to..→sb be invited to…应邀到某地，invite sb to do sth→sb be invited to do sth应邀做某事，e.g. Last night they were invited to Amy’s birthday party.
⑵take part in＝join in参加→attend出席，e.g. Many important persons attended the conference.
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11. I was glad to receive your e-mail. It was great fun to be a host, wasn’t it? (p69)
12. Some children in poor areas do not have money to go to school, so Project Hope pay for their education.
〈知识链接〉pay for sth付…的款，pay some money for sth买某物付…钱
13. Our class held a meeting to talk about holding a charity show. →hold/have a meeting开会
〈知识链接〉talk about sb/sth讨论、谈论某人或某事，talk about doing sth讨论、谈论做某事
14. We have arranged work among the students.我们已在同学中分配了工作。(p71)
〈知识链接〉⑴arrange vt.安排；筹备→ rearrange vt.重新安排；重新排列，arrange →arrangement，rearrange →rearrangement。e.g. They arranged a farewell party for the exchange students. ⑵among在…中(两者以上) →between在…中(两者) e.g. ①There is a wooden house among the trees. ②English is widely used for business between countries.
15. I hope that our show will be held at the school hall. I hope a lot of pop stars can be invited to the show.
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〈知识链接〉⑴hope＋that引导的一般将来时或含有情态动词can的从句。⑵hope to do sth希望做某事。英语里没有hope sb to do sth，必须改为hope＋that从句。
〈用法拓展〉⑴want/wish to do sth想做某事，want/wish sb to do sth想让某人做某事。⑵wish＋that从句①表示祝福、祝愿 ②表示不可能实现或很难实现的愿望 e.g. ①I wish you will have success at school.② I wish you a happy new year. ③I wish I were a bird and could fly in the sky freely.
16. Project Hope is an organization that raises money to build schools and buy books for poor students. (p72)
〈知识链接〉画线部分是关系代词that/which引导的定语从句，该句不能省略关系代词。
17. We would like to thank the following for their help and support.感谢以下(单位或个人)的帮助或支持。
18. We think it’s important that all children learn to read and write. 该句中的it＝that从句。(p74)
19. Their parents have no money, so the children have to go to work instead.
这些孩子的父母没钱，所以他们得去干活。
〈知识链接〉⑴instead是副词，意思是“代替，反而，却”，表示“本应做的事没有做，反而…”。 新 课 标 第一网x kb 1.com
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e.g. Let him go instead. ⑵instead of＋名词/人称代词宾格/动名词/介词短语，代替…, 而不是…。①He was ill. I did the work instead of him. ②He spent his free time chatting online instead of watching TV. ③The children should go to school instead of working to support their families. 孩子们应该上学，而不是干活养家。④She will go to Dalian by ship instead of by plane.
20. After a few songs, there was a break. (p75)
〈知识链接〉break n.暂停，休息(工作时的间歇) 常用于：have a break休息一下。
〈用法拓展〉⑴break down出故障 ⑵break into…强行闯入⑶break out(战争、地震、火灾等)发生→A fire broke out last night. ⑷break vi.破晓，e.g. Day broke. 天亮了。→ Night fell.天黑了。
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