There has been considerable progress in recognizing the potential threats to the environment that economic activity poses. Nowadays, there are already some environmental groups ensuring that governments, firms and even individuals rarely act without considering the environmental consequences of their actions. Environmental issues are now no longer considered marginal. 在这个国家的历史上，教育从来没有像现在这样对我们如此重要。从能源危机到环境污染，从生活水平的提高到空间探索，即将到来的21世纪充满了种种挑战。要战胜那些挑战，不论怎样，在很大程度上取决于教育的质量。 Never in the nation’s history has its education been so important as now. From energy crises to air pollution, and from the improvement of the standard of living to space exploration, the approaching world of the 21st century is full of challenges whose resolution, for better or worse, will depend largely on the quality of education. 中国的环境教育起步较晚，它是随着中国环境保护事业的发展而发展起来的。中国是一个发展中国家，但与工业化国家一样面临着较大范围，较大规模的经济开发活动，同时人口压力较大，环境保护和生态平衡问题引起了政府、人民以及科技与教育工作者的极大关注。 China’s environmental education started only quite recently and it has been growing in conformity with the development of China’s environmental protection. As a developing country, China is engaged in economic activities on a scale as large as that in the industrialized countries. Meanwhile, it is also experiencing the pressure of a huge population. The issue of environmental protection and balanced ecology has aroused great concern from the government, the ordinary people and the people in the fields of technology and education. 在我们的社会里，一个人的成功还是以他的收入来衡量的。人们要求增加收入，就像希望较高的收入能带来舒适的生活一样，实则是希望获得成功。因此，不管工作如何枯燥乏味，只要能出人头地，他是能够忍受下去的。 In our society, success is still measured by income. And the desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for a comfortable life, which a higher income can bring. No matter how dull the work may be, it becomes bearable if it is a means of building up a reputation. 为了接待每年数以万计的外国游客，我国旅游部门正在想方设法改善旅游住宿设施。许多地区正在开发新的旅游中心，兴建更多的现代化宾馆，培训更多的外语导游，以适应日益发展的旅游业的需要。 To receive millions of foreign visitors annually, China’s tourism departments are trying every possible means to improve accommodation for tourists. In many places, new tourist centers are being exploited, more and more modern hotels are being set up and foreign-language-speaking tourist guides being trained so as to suit the growing demands of tourism industry. 我们的国家要走向现代化，最大的障碍并不是资源问题，也不是资金问题，更不是技术问题，而是十几亿人口的素质问题。资金可以积累，技术可以创造，也可以引进，但是十几亿人口的素质是无法引进的，这必须靠我们去提高。
If our country is to achieve modernization, the biggest obstacle is not the shortage of natural resources, nor the lack of funds, still less the problem of technology, but rather the quality of the more than one billion people, for funds can be accumulated, technology can be created or imported, but the overall quality of the huge population, which cannot be imported, must only be improved by ourselves. 振兴科技和繁荣经济，必须坚持教育为本。重点是普及义务教育，积极发展职业教育和成人教育，适度发展高等教育，优化教育结构，逐步形成政府办学为主与社会各界参与办学相结合的新体制。
The vitality of science and technology and the prosperity of economy must be based on education. The educational system should be improved in a way that compulsory education is popularized, vocational and adult education vigorously strengthened, higher education moderately developed and educational structure strongly optimized so that a new educational system can be gradually shaped in which education is mainly run by the government with the help of various circle. 改革开放以来，我国个人收入分配的平均主义逐步被打破，个人收入差距也在逐渐拉开。其中，向合理拉开距离的方向发展是主流。但与此同时，一些不合理的因素也在发展。当前比较突出的是，不同行业之间，不同社会群体之间个人收入的差距在明显拉大，对这些问题要予以高度重视。 Since the implementation of the reform and the opening-up policy, China’s equalitarianism in personal income has been gradually losing ground with increased disparity in the income of individuals. Though the event is growing towards a proportionate trend, a number of disproportionate factors are also developing, the most striking one being the ever-enlarging disparity in personal income between different occupations and social groups. And this should receive our due attention. 要让我们的国产名牌为世界尽可能多的消费者认可，广告创作就必须使用国际共通的语言，而不能局限在自己的传统文化和传统手法之内。优秀的广告会跨越语言文字的障碍，而优秀的创意就是国际语言。 To make our native-made brands recognized by as many consumers as possible, instead of being confined to our traditional culture and techniques, we should advertise our goals in a way that is understood to the universal community. Brilliantly made advertisement can surmount the barrier of language while brilliant creation itself is universal language. 他是我所认识的人中唯一肯指出我对错误并帮助我改正的人。He is the only person I know who will point out my mistakes and help me correct them. 科学家们已经做了无数次实验表明， 在改进人的行为方面，表扬比批评有效得多。Scientists have done countless experiments to show that praise is far more effective than criticism in improving human behavior. 他们就更加严厉地惩处犯罪分子地必要性取得了一致的意见，但谈到是否应该恢复死刑时却出现了意见分歧。They agreed on the necessity of punishing criminals more severely, but when it came to whether the death penalty should be brought back, differences of opinion occurred. 众所周知，我们的许多问题至少部分地是由于没能交流思想而引起的。It is well known that many of our problems are caused in part by failure to communicate. 如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有自行车地城市呢，还是要一个没有汽车的城市，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。If it were left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or a city without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. 你不必再去多想判断上的那些失误，重要的是尽量避免再犯。There is no need for you to dwell on those mistakes in judgment any more. What is important is to try your best to avoid making them once again 当今的大学生，尽管他们努力地想使自己成才，但对未来还是很模糊。(establish oneself) Today’s university students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future. 在对一个关键的问题作结论时，如果只相信所谓的专家而不相信自己，不根据调查的结果，不根据实验的数据，那是在冒险。(run the risk of ;blind faith in) We run the risk of making critical decisions, not on the basis of what we know, the findings of investigations, and the data of experiments, but on the basis of blind faith in professed experts 有人认为考试是很重要的，但也有人认为考试有不少弊端。所以考试留下了一个未能解决的问题——考试对教育有什么影响？(open question) Some people think examinations are second to none, but some think examinations have a lot of disadvantages. Examinations leave us an open essential question－what influence do examinations exert on education. 他不但是位出色的银行家和公认的贸易专家，而且还是位经验丰富的企业主管。
He is an experienced banker and an acknowledged trade expert, not to mention an excellent managing director. 由于经济不景气，房地产经纪人正处于或降低房价或减少销售量的两难境地。 Because of the economic depression, real estate agents are in the dilemma of whether to lower prices or let sales fall off. 汽车轮子给我们带来了更好、更为便利地交通时，它也应该对诸如空气污染、交通事故、交通拥挤之类的许多问题负责。(be guilty for) While wheels have brought with them better or more convenient transportation, they are guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestion.美国人对汽车的热爱以及他们较大的工作流动性是出了名的。(be noted for) Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility. 一个妇女所获得的教育程度越高，就越有可能走出小家庭这个环境，到社会上去实现自我。(be likely to; realize oneself) The higher a woman’s educational attainment, the more likely she is to go out of the private setting of the nuclear family and to realize herself in the community. 在一些国家的敦促下，联合国对该过施加压力，迫使其放弃研制和使用核武器。(pressure sb to do) Urged by some other countries, the United Nations has pressured the country to give up developing and using nuclear weapons. 不少大学生更关心怎样在毕业后谋得一份报酬优厚得工作，怎样在这个充满竞争得社会里迅速得到提升。(be concerned with) Many college students are far more concerned with how to get a highly-paid job on graduation and how to receive a quick promotion in the competitive society. 一个有工作的妇女既要照顾她的孩子和老人，又要设法保住这份工作，是一件非常困难的事。(hold down ) It is a demanding task for a working woman to look after her parents and her children while holding down a job. 大多数自然资源保护主义者认为，在良好的生态环境中人类最易兴旺发达，而各种野生动物的生存则是这种良好生态环境的标志。(conservationist; survival)
Most conservationists believe that humans thrive best in ecological health and that the sign of this health is the survival of a diversity of wild animals. 人与野生动物之间的差别之一就在于，前者能就他们改变自然的种类及规模作出明智的选择。（as to） One of the differences between humans and wild animals is that/lies in that former can make a wise choice as to the kind and scale of the change they make to nature. 进到报负，人们往往把它与地位、名誉和权利连在一起，因此，长期以来许多人不愿意谈论自己的梦想。(identify with) Ambition is always identified with rank, fame and power. Therefore many people have been unwilling to talk about their dreams for s long time. 野心常被认为是带有贬义的。这是因为有些一心追求自己利益的人不择手段地要达到目的，损害了他人。(commensurate with; single-minded) Ambition is often regarded as being commensurate with bad sense because the single-minded have tried to achieve their goals by fair means or foul and often harm others. 不难现象， 没有理想与报负的世界会是怎样的。这只会是一个没有进步、令人厌烦的社会。(shorn of) It is not difficult to imagine a world shorn of ambition. It would probably be a world with no progress and no development. And, of course, it would be a tedious world. 所谓理想的好人实际上并不一定对社会有益；人们对好人的标准一直有不同的看法。
So-called ideally good men, in fact, are not always of benefit to society and the standards of goodness have long been argued.
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流言蜚语可以毁掉一个真正的好人，而吹捧则能把坏人说成好人。(scandal; genuinely)
Scandals can defame a genuinely good man, while flattery can make an evil man a good man. 以信息为基础的网络经济将会给社会带来深刻的变化。这种变化会有利于人类的生存还是使人类陷入困境？也许人们要讨论很长时间。(chaotic) The information-based network economy will bring about profound changes society. whether this change could benefit human beings or involve them in a chaotic situation needs our discussion. 没有主动性和创造力的人，只能适应于传统的工作方式。固有的工作模式一旦改变，他们就会感到不知所措。(fit into) Those lacking in initiative and creativity can only fit into the traditional mode of work. Once the old mode is changed, they will be at a loss as to what to do. 在新的世纪，通讯事业的发展有赖于光导纤维，因为光导纤维能携带的信息量是普通电线无可比拟的。(incomparable) In the coming century the redevelopment of telecommunications will depend on optical fibers which carry information incomparable to the common phone lines. 我们整个经济的发展战略，能源、交通是重点，农业也是重点。农业的发展一靠政策，二靠科学。科学技术的发展和作用是无穷无尽的。 Our strategy for developing the economy as a whole gives priority to energy, communication and agriculture. Agricultural development depends first on policy and second on science. There are no limits to the development of science and technology经济活动对环境有着潜在的威胁，对此人们已经有了进一步的认识。目前在一些国家已经有了一些组织，负责督促政府、企业甚至个人，无论干什么首先要有环境意识。现在人们已经不再把环境保护看成是可做可不做的事情了。
There has been considerable progress in recognizing the potential threats to the environment that economic activity poses. Nowadays, there are already some environmental groups ensuring that governments, firms and even individuals rarely act without considering the environmental consequences of their actions. Environmental issues are now no longer considered marginal. 在这个国家的历史上，教育从来没有像现在这样对我们如此重要。从能源危机到环境污染，从生活水平的提高到空间探索，即将到来的21世纪充满了种种挑战。要战胜那些挑战，不论怎样，在很大程度上取决于教育的质量。 Never in the nation’s history has its education been so important as now. From energy crises to air pollution, and from the improvement of the standard of living to space exploration, the approaching world of the 21st century is full of challenges whose resolution, for better or worse, will depend largely on the quality of education. 中国的环境教育起步较晚，它是随着中国环境保护事业的发展而发展起来的。中国是一个发展中国家，但与工业化国家一样面临着较大范围，较大规模的经济开发活动，同时人口压力较大，环境保护和生态平衡问题引起了政府、人民以及科技与教育工作者的极大关注。 China’s environmental education started only quite recently and it has been growing in conformity with the development of China’s environmental protection. As a developing country, China is engaged in economic activities on a scale as large as that in the industrialized countries. Meanwhile, it is also experiencing the pressure of a huge population. The issue of environmental protection and balanced ecology has aroused great concern from the government, the ordinary people and the people in the fields of technology and education. 在我们的社会里，一个人的成功还是以他的收入来衡量的。人们要求增加收入，就像希望较高的收入能带来舒适的生活一样，实则是希望获得成功。因此，不管工作如何枯燥乏味，只要能出人头地，他是能够忍受下去的。 In our society, success is still measured by income. And the desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for a comfortable life, which a higher income can bring. No matter how dull the work may be, it becomes bearable if it is a means of building up a reputation. 为了接待每年数以万计的外国游客，我国旅游部门正在想方设法改善旅游住宿设施。许多地区正在开发新的旅游中心，兴建更多的现代化宾馆，培训更多的外语导游，以适应日益发展的旅游业的需要。 To receive millions of foreign visitors annually, China’s tourism departments are trying every possible means to improve accommodation for tourists. In many places, new tourist centers are being exploited, more and more modern hotels are being set up and foreign-language-speaking tourist guides being trained so as to suit the growing demands of tourism industry. 我们的国家要走向现代化，最大的障碍并不是资源问题，也不是资金问题，更不是技术问题，而是十几亿人口的素质问题。资金可以积累，技术可以创造，也可以引进，但是十几亿人口的素质是无法引进的，这必须靠我们去提高。
If our country is to achieve modernization, the biggest obstacle is not the shortage of natural resources, nor the lack of funds, still less the problem of technology, but rather the quality of the more than one billion people, for funds can be accumulated, technology can be created or imported, but the overall quality of the huge population, which cannot be imported, must only be improved by ourselves. 振兴科技和繁荣经济，必须坚持教育为本。重点是普及义务教育，积极发展职业教育和成人教育，适度发展高等教育，优化教育结构，逐步形成政府办学为主与社会各界参与办学相结合的新体制。
The vitality of science and technology and the prosperity of economy must be based on education. The educational system should be improved in a way that compulsory education is popularized, vocational and adult education vigorously strengthened, higher education moderately developed and educational structure strongly optimized so that a new educational system can be gradually shaped in which education is mainly run by the government with the help of various circle. 改革开放以来，我国个人收入分配的平均主义逐步被打破，个人收入差距也在逐渐拉开。其中，向合理拉开距离的方向发展是主流。但与此同时，一些不合理的因素也在发展。当前比较突出的是，不同行业之间，不同社会群体之间个人收入的差距在明显拉大，对这些问题要予以高度重视。 Since the implementation of the reform and the opening-up policy, China’s equalitarianism in personal income has been gradually losing ground with increased disparity in the income of individuals. Though the event is growing towards a proportionate trend, a number of disproportionate factors are also developing, the most striking one being the ever-enlarging disparity in personal income between different occupations and social groups. And this should receive our due attention. 要让我们的国产名牌为世界尽可能多的消费者认可，广告创作就必须使用国际共通的语言，而不能局限在自己的传统文化和传统手法之内。优秀的广告会跨越语言文字的障碍，而优秀的创意就是国际语言。 To make our native-made brands recognized by as many consumers as possible, instead of being confined to our traditional culture and techniques, we should advertise our goals in a way that is understood to the universal community. Brilliantly made advertisement can surmount the barrier of language while brilliant creation itself is universal language. 他是我所认识的人中唯一肯指出我对错误并帮助我改正的人。He is the only person I know who will point out my mistakes and help me correct them. 科学家们已经做了无数次实验表明， 在改进人的行为方面，表扬比批评有效得多。Scientists have done countless experiments to show that praise is far more effective than criticism in improving human behavior. 他们就更加严厉地惩处犯罪分子地必要性取得了一致的意见，但谈到是否应该恢复死刑时却出现了意见分歧。They agreed on the necessity of punishing criminals more severely, but when it came to whether the death penalty should be brought back, differences of opinion occurred. 众所周知，我们的许多问题至少部分地是由于没能交流思想而引起的。It is well known that many of our problems are caused in part by failure to communicate. 如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有自行车地城市呢，还是要一个没有汽车的城市，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者。If it were left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or a city without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. 你不必再去多想判断上的那些失误，重要的是尽量避免再犯。There is no need for you to dwell on those mistakes in judgment any more. What is important is to try your best to avoid making them once again 当今的大学生，尽管他们努力地想使自己成才，但对未来还是很模糊。(establish oneself) Today’s university students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future. 在对一个关键的问题作结论时，如果只相信所谓的专家而不相信自己，不根据调查的结果，不根据实验的数据，那是在冒险。(run the risk of ;blind faith in) We run the risk of making critical decisions, not on the basis of what we know, the findings of investigations, and the data of experiments, but on the basis of blind faith in professed experts 有人认为考试是很重要的，但也有人认为考试有不少弊端。所以考试留下了一个未能解决的问题——考试对教育有什么影响？(open question) Some people think examinations are second to none, but some think examinations have a lot of disadvantages. Examinations leave us an open essential question－what influence do examinations exert on education. 他不但是位出色的银行家和公认的贸易专家，而且还是位经验丰富的企业主管。
He is an experienced banker and an acknowledged trade expert, not to mention an excellent managing director. 由于经济不景气，房地产经纪人正处于或降低房价或减少销售量的两难境地。 Because of the economic depression, real estate agents are in the dilemma of whether to lower prices or let sales fall off. 汽车轮子给我们带来了更好、更为便利地交通时，它也应该对诸如空气污染、交通事故、交通拥挤之类的许多问题负责。(be guilty for) While wheels have brought with them better or more convenient transportation, they are guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestion.美国人对汽车的热爱以及他们较大的工作流动性是出了名的。(be noted for) Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility. 一个妇女所获得的教育程度越高，就越有可能走出小家庭这个环境，到社会上去实现自我。(be likely to; realize oneself) The higher a woman’s educational attainment, the more likely she is to go out of the private setting of the nuclear family and to realize herself in the community. 在一些国家的敦促下，联合国对该过施加压力，迫使其放弃研制和使用核武器。(pressure sb to do) Urged by some other countries, the United Nations has pressured the country to give up developing and using nuclear weapons. 不少大学生更关心怎样在毕业后谋得一份报酬优厚得工作，怎样在这个充满竞争得社会里迅速得到提升。(be concerned with) Many college students are far more concerned with how to get a highly-paid job on graduation and how to receive a quick promotion in the competitive society. 一个有工作的妇女既要照顾她的孩子和老人，又要设法保住这份工作，是一件非常困难的事。(hold down ) It is a demanding task for a working woman to look after her parents and her children while holding down a job. 大多数自然资源保护主义者认为，在良好的生态环境中人类最易兴旺发达，而各种野生动物的生存则是这种良好生态环境的标志。(conservationist; survival)
Most conservationists believe that humans thrive best in ecological health and that the sign of this health is the survival of a diversity of wild animals.
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