英译汉
一1There are four major types of education in China:basic education ,vocational andtechnical education,higher education and adult education,
中国的教育主要有4种类型：基础教育、职业技术教育、高等教育和成人教育。
2And adult education includes literacy classes ,night school education and other forms of education provided for adults
成人教育包括扫盲班、夜校教育，以及为成人所提供的其他类型的教育
3The chinese government is devoting increasing attenti.on to preschool education
中国政府十分重视学龄前教育
4Help them express themselves orally and encourage them to get into a good habit of learning
帮助他们口头表达自已的想法，鼓励他们养成良好的学习习惯
二1Ardchaeology is a source of history,not just a numble auxiliary discipline ,
考古学是历史学的一个来源，而不是地位卑微的辅助学科
2Archeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or ,more succinctly ,the fossilized re-sults of human behavior
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考古瞠的资料就是人类行为所造成的物质变化，更简单地说，是石化了的人类行为
3They were ,as a group ,semiliterate, proud ,and stub-born, as dogged in their insistenfce on their own way of life as pine roots cracking granite to grow
作为一个整体，他们是半文盲，高傲并且顽固。他们坚持自己的生活方式象松树根在花岗石中爆缝生长
4They outlasted re-current plagues of smallpox and malaria and a steady progression of natural accidents
他们熬过了经常性的天花、疟疾等瘟疫及一系列自然灾难
三1I spent some of the most exciting days of my life working on the eastern shores of Kenya’ s Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors
我一生中最兴奋的一段时光是在肯尼亚的图尔卡纳湖东岸工作的日子，在那里寻找我们祖先的遗骨化石
2The environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today , but it was full of amazing animals that are now long extinct
那时的环境与今天非洲湿润的草原并没有太大差别，然而当时草原上生活着大量让人惊奇的动物，却早在很久以前就已居地球上销声匿迹了
3It is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 400million years are gone
据估计，过去四亿年间存在的生物种类95%以上已在地球上消失了
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4We know that the well-being of the human race is tied to the well-being of many other species , and we can’t be sure which species are most impor-tant to our own survival
元 们智商和，人类的幸福安康与许许多多其他物种的繁荣休戚相关，而且我们无法确切地知道哪 些物种对于人类的生存是至关重要的
四1Sleep is part of a person’s daily activity cycle
睡眠是人每天日常活动循环的一部分
2When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperaqture will drop slightly, your muscles will relax , and your breathing will slow and become quite regular
在你开始昏昏入睡时，你的眼球会转动几天，体温略有下降，肌肉放松，呼吸变昨缓慢而有节奏
3A critical factor that plays a part in susceptibility to colds is age
年龄是人们是否易患感冒的一个重要因素
4Infants are the most cold-ridden group, averaging more than six colds in their first years ,Boys have more colds than girls up to age three
婴儿期是最易感冒的时期，从出生到一周平均至少感冒六次，在三周岁前，男孩比女孩感冒次数要多
五1The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of the typi-cal North
American diet is a welcome development
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北美的消费者们越来越关注他们的日常饮食是否安全和有营养
2Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evi-dence ,the preponderance of written fact from fiction
尽管这些说法多数未被科学证实，但是由于大量文章支持一观点，使得普通群众难辨真伪
3One thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they cost more than conventionally grown foods
大多数绿色食品有一个共同点，即它们的价格高于以常规方式种植的食物
4So there is real cause for concern if consumers par-ticularly those with limited incomes , distrust the regular food supply and buy only expen-sive organic foods instead
如果消费者们，尤其是那些收入有限的消费者们，怀疑传统食品而只购买更昂贵的绿色食品，那就值得担忧了
六1The city of Machida (町田市)，Japan ,is finding some new ways to solve the problem of what to do with the large amounts of wastes or garbage produced by modern so-ciety
日本的町田市找到了一些新方法来解决现代社会产生的大量废物或垃圾处理问题
2Now 3000,000 persons live in Machida,and they produce about 220tons of garbage each day
现在町田居位着300万人，他们每天会制造220吨垃圾
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3To solve this problem ,they built a 300-million –dollar waste treatment center that opened in 1984
为解决这一问题，他们建立了耗资3亿美元的垃圾处理中心，并于1984年投入使用
4Citizens of Machida separate their garbage into different kinds first:
reusable,polluting,poisonous and that which will burn or that which will not burn
町田市 市 民首先要把为不同种类：即可再次使用类，污染类，有毒类以及可燃烧类或不可燃烧类
七1The advantages are obvious-robots can do things humans just don’t want to do, and they are usually more cost effective
机器人的优点是显而易见的，它们可以做人类不愿做的事，而且往往比较经济实惠(而且往往用起来比较划算)
2But as with any machine, a robot cam break down and even cause disaster
然而，就象其它的任何机器一样，机器人也会出故障，甚至造成灾难
3NO one will deny that the introduction of modern technology has improved the structure of society
无人会否认，现代技术的采用已经改善了社会结构
4dairy farmers could clone their champion cows , mak-ing it possible to produce more milk from smaller herds
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奶场主可以复制他们的一流奶牛，使少养牛多产奶成为可以
八1Communities around the world organized events to promote awareness of children’s health issues, which included drawing contests for schoolchildren in Vietnam, street plays in India ,puppet shows in Namibia,and professional lectures for policy makers in Germany and elsewhere
世界各地的团体组织各种各样的活动来提高对儿童健康的认识，像在越南举行的学龄儿童的绘画比赛、印度的街头表演、纳米比亚的木偶剧以及在德国及其他一些地方面向政策制定者们所做的一些职业讲座
2Each year the WHO chooses a theme to highlight areas of particular concern Last year’s theme, Move for Health, focused on promoting physical activity as part of healthy living
每年世界卫生组织都选择一个主题来强调某一领域的特殊问题。去年的主题是“为健康而行动”，强调了增强体育运动作为健康生活的一部分
3Championships in Portugal ,Greece,the Nerher-lands and Scotland are nearly always won by just two by just two or three clubs
葡萄牙、希腊、荷兰和苏格兰的锦标赛也经常是两三个俱乐部独占鳌头
4None of this has impeded the global popularity of football,which has done far better as an export industry than Ameri-ca’s more equal sports
这些都没有阻止足球在全球受欢迎的程度，作为一种出口产业，它要比美国更为平等的体育做得更好
九1A recent poll indicated that half the teenagers in the United States believe that communication between them and their parents poor and further that one of the prime causes of this
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gap is deficient listening behavior
最近的一项民意测验显示：美国一半的青少年认为他们与交流不好，而且造成这种隔阂的一个首要原因是有不理想的倾听行为
2She was so convinced that she took her to an audiologist to have her ear to an audiologist to have her ear tested
他对此确信无疑，于是就带着女儿去听觉病矫治专家那儿检查她的耳朵
3The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well-grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins
工业化之前的典型家庭模式不仅包括许多孩子，而且还有很多其他家庭成员-祖父母、叔叔、婶婶 、堂兄妹等
4Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs.andto move again whenever necessary
工业化需要大量愿意并能够离开家乡外出寻找工作的工人，而且他们可以根据需要随时流动
十1Many people think that our generation, who have been and are being influenced by both Chinese and western cultures , seem to be positioned in an embarrassing place, where we can neither deeply understand Chinese conventional culture nor entirely accommodate to western ways of thinking
很多人认为同时接受中西文化影响我们这一代人似乎处在一个很尴尬的位置上，既不能深切地理解中国传
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统文化，也不能完全适应西方的思维方式
2The romance in the Valentine’s and the liveliness by the Thanksgiving used to bring us sense of passion and novelty, but nowadays many of us have been annoyed via such festivals
如果说情人节的浪漫和感恩节的热闹在几年前会给我们带来新鲜和激情，那么现在，我们当中的许多人已经对这些节日感到无奈和厌烦了
3Everyone will re-rurn home to spend this day with their families
每个人都要回家和家人一起度过这一天
4In this day , pelple will enjoy deli -cious foods, and everyone will have fun
在这一天，人们都会享受至美食 ，而且都会玩得高兴
十一1The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the re-cent years
近些年，国际旅游的问题引广泛的关注
2But what these people fail to see is that the international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history
但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可以会给当地环境和历史造成灾难性的影响
3Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international
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tourism
应该采取行当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响
4Consequently , the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may even-tually lead to the decline of local tourism
因此，国外旅游者数量的快速增加可以最终导致当地旅游业的衰败
十二1American black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their name,.In the east-ern part of their range , most of these bears have shiny black fur , but in the west they grow brown , red , or even yellow coats.
美国黑熊虽然被叫做黑熊但却有各种各样的颜色。在它们生活区域的东部，大部分黑熊长有富有光泽的黑毛，但在西部，它们则长着棕色，红色甚至黄色的毛。
2Black bars are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from five to six feet, weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds
黑熊是所有美洲熊中最小的，5-6英尺高，300-500磅重
3Since there is such an abundance of food in the sea , it is understandable that some of the efficient , highly adaptable, warm-blooded mammals-that evolved on land should have returned to the sea
既然海洋中有如此丰富的食物，一些原本在陆地生存的高效率‘适应性强的暖血型动物返回海洋生存是不难理解的
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4A second kind , the seal, has produced what is probably the greatest population of large carnivorous mammals on Earth
而另一种哺乳动物海豹 ，它的数量恐怕是地球上大型食肉哺乳动物中最大的
十三1Sooner or later, we must realize there is no station , no one place to arrive at once and for all. The true joy of life is the trip /The station is only a dream
我闪终究会认识到人生的旅途中并没车站，也没有能够“一劳永逸”的地方。生活的真正乐趣在于旅行的过程，而车站不过是个梦
2Instead, climb more mountains ,eat more ice cream, go barefoot more often , swim more rivers , watch more sunsets , laugh more , cry less .Life must be lived as we go along .The station will come soon enough
为何不换一种活法，将更多的高山攀爬，多吃点冰淇淋甜甜嘴巴，经常光着脚板溜达，在更多的河流里畅游，多看看夕阳西下，多点儿欢笑哈哈，多让泪水滴答！生活得一边过一边瞧！车站就会很快到达
3To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hob-bies, and they must all be real.
要想真正生活得幸福和平安，一个人至少应该有两三种业余爱好，而且必须是真正的爱好
4Broadly speaking, human beings may be divid - ed into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death
广言之，人可以分为三个类别：累死的人，烦死的人和闷死的人
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十四1No one can doubt the essential fact that the traffic problem over the last years has caused wide public concern all over the world
没有人能否认这一重要事实：最近几年交通问题在全世界受到了普遍关注
2Another primary reason is that there seems to be many private cars and not enough public buses
另一个主要原因是私家车过多而公交车不够
3Moreover, many people , including drivers and cyclists, do not obey the traffic rules properly, especially at busy intersections
而且，许多人，包括司机和骑自行车的人，不能很好地遵守交通规则，特别是在繁忙的十字路口
4The number of private cars in urban areas should be limited while the munber of public buses should be increased
在城市私家车的数量应得到控制而公交车数量应该增加。
T一76Museums of the second generation are museums of industry and technology which display achievements brought about by industrial civilization in different historical periods
第二代博物馆属于工业技术博物馆。它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性成果
77Although those two types of museums play the role of disseminating knowl-edge, they regard their visitors only as passive on-lookers
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这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用。但， 它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者
78The third-generation museums are built upon a completely new notion Visitors can operate with their own hands and observe with their own eyes .Thus, they are brought closer to advanced scientific and technological achievement and offered an access to the mystery of science and technology
世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，参观者可以自已动手操作，亲眼观察。这样，他们可以更加贴近高科技成果，却探索科学技术的奥妙
79The In-ternet has enabled any radio station anywhere to become an international broadcaster with only a minor investment/ Although its cound quality is far from perfect, it excels that of short-wave
互联网可以使位于世界任何一个地方的广播电台以很小的投资成为一家国际广播站，虽然其声音质量还不够完美，但已经超过了短波的声音质量。
80THere is much talk these days about the Internet being the “third force in broadcasting “ ,alongside radio and television
现在，有不少人都认为，互联网将是与无线电台和电视共存的“广播业的第三股势力”。
T二76That is somewhat higher than used to be considered full employment , but it is not a serious figure in the aggregate
按以往手标准 ，这个比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说，问题并不严重。
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77The unemploy - ment problem today is serious in that it most affects black youths, who are not being brought into the work force
现在失业问题的严重改天于，它对黑人青年影响很大，他们仍未能加入劳动大军
78It takes only a little over two hours to fly from Shanghai to Tokyo and just as much time to Hangzhou from Beijing
从上海去东京，只需 两个小时，相当于从北京到杭州的时间
79The historical experiences of both China and other coun-tries have once again proved the culture needs exchanging
不论是中国的还是外国的历史经验 一再证明，文化需要交流
80 Through exchange only can we give full play to human wisdom and enjoy the common fruits of civilization
只有交流，才能共同去促进人类智慧向着一座又一座高峰发展，并共同享用其成果
T三76H e started the Forbes magazine to write about the doers who were doing things, people who make things happen in business
他创办了《福布斯》杂志，报道那些实干家，那些改变商业社会的人
77My grandfather used to say, the purpose of business is not to pile up millions or billions, but to produce happiness
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我祖父常说，做生意不是为堆积百万或上亿财富，而是为带来幸福快乐
78The first value is the sense of family togetherness; members of multi-generation families are all there to have a big reunion dinner. Everyone will follow this custom
首先，多代同堂的家庭成员刘聚家中享受一顿丰盛的团圆饭，是每个人都会遵守的习惯
79The female members are always held responsible for preparing the dinner, and some rich families may take on extra hands
准备一顿丰盛晚餐的工作，当然是落在家中女成员的身上，比较富裕的家庭则可能有佣人帮忙
80The second value lies in the happy visits mutually made between friends and relatives, a good way to strengthen kinship and friendship
其次，亲戚朋友之间也会兴高采烈地互访。这样的欢庆方式，有助于加强亲情和友情
T四76But that , Pearson points out , is only the start of man-machine integration,’Itt will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century
皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人
77And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disor-der-kitchen rage
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家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病-厨房狂躁症
78But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed15 billion years ago
但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象。因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构
79The existence of the gi-ant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s ,to main-tain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos
巨大的宇宙云的存地，实际上是使20世纪20年代首创的大爆炸理论得以保持其对宇宙起源解释的主导地位所不可缺少的
80Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, planets and eventually, even humans
数十亿年来，这种气体受引力的压缩形成星系，恒星、行星，并最终产生人类
T五76Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools
他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于像改进了的技术和工具这种更为普通的事情
77”The scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions/”
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我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及
78Over the years , tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science
工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉，多年来在很大程度上被史学家和科学哲学家们忽视了
79Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the nex-ly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth
伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准太空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球（旋转）
80Whether the Gov-ernment should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force
政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方面看做是驱动力量
T六76There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend
届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一量这些汽车排污超标（违规），监控器就会使其停止行驶
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77Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips(芯片) computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived
孩子们将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视 为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字化时代就来到了
78Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts
在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助
79Further-more, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of sci-entists and technologists of all kinds
再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工家业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力
80It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage
这就意味着，各国政府得越来越多地干预这些部门以便提高产量并确保产品会得到最好的利用
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