2021年专业英语八级阅读训练试题及答案

WomenandFashions

Women and Fashions

Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the

appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.

This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the year, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so- called top designers in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over rush to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are

out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.

If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually black-mailed by the designers and the big stores. Clothes, which have been worn, only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a women is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women, who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-limes are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on. No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and

durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.

When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide. 1. The main idea of this passage is

[A] New fashions in clothes reflect the qualities of women. [B] New fashions in clothing are created solely for commercial exploitation of women.

[C] The top designers seem to have the right to creating new fashion.

[D] Men have the basic quality of reliability. 2. Why do the general appearance of actresses look ludicrous?

[A] Because they want their appearance in the fashion. [B] Because the top designers want them to follow the fashion.

[C] Because the top designers want them to make fashion. [D] Because the top designers want them to lead the fashion.

3. Why are women mercilessly exploited by the fashion designers?

[A] They love new fashion. [B] They love new clothes. [C] They want to look beautiful. [D] They are too vain. 4. What are fashion designers interested in? [A] Outward appearance. [B] Comfort. [C] Beauty. [D] Durability. 答案详解：

1. B. 创制新时装就是对妇女的商业性剥削。答案遍及全文。也有几段突出描述。如：第二段第四句“每年，巴黎，伦敦的一些所谓高级设计师定出条条框框，全世界妇女竞相服从。设计师的条令难以预测，说一不二。”第三段“要说妇女年年被无情的剥削之事，只能怪她们自己。由于她们一想起在公共场所穿着过失的衣服就会发抖，所以他们每年都被设计师和大商店讹诈(勒索)……”第四段：“许多妇女(每年)浪费大笔钱财来置换她们从未穿过的服装，时装变化就是故意创造浪费。”

A. 时装反映妇女的秉性。这是在最后一段结论中提及，不是中心思想。 D. 男人具有可靠性的基本素质。不对。 C. 高级设计师似乎有权创造新款式。这是作者在批评设计者。

2. D. 因为高级设计师请她们领导时装潮流。只是常识，设计师新颖服装的推出，首先是让演员试装——等于时装模特的效用，掀起可以领导时装的新潮流。

A. 他们要打扮入时，这只是演员的一方面。 B. 随大流。 C. 作作样子。 都是不对的。

3. D. 他们太好虚荣。 这在文章的好几段内都提到。如第一题中的第二段，三段，四段的参考译文。如第三段后半部分“只穿了几次的衣服就因为时尚的命令而弃之一边。当你想到只有妇女能站在堆满衣服的衣柜前，悲哀的诉说她没有衣服穿。”第四段的后半段

“花不起大笔钱财买衣服的妇女会花上好几个小时把他们已有的衣服换来换去”。第五段后半部分“男人一生中经常可以看到大冬天妇女颤抖在薄薄的衣衫中，或者穿着精致的鞋在雪地上选路走，这都令他们发笑”。最后一段结论，画龙点睛的以问点明“经常不断的换时装。人们不禁要问，这是不是反映了妇女轻浮和易变的基本素质(秉性)?”

A. 她们爱新时尚; B. 她们爱新衣服; C. 她们想瞧着美。这三项只是虚荣的部分组成。

4. A. 外观。答案在第五段“没有人认为时装工业为社会作过真正的贡献。时装设计师很少关心保暖，舒服和耐穿这类紧要的事，他们只是对外观感性趣，他们利用了妇女的心理：只要看着美，她们能忍受一切(痛苦)不舒服……。”

B. 舒适。 C. 美，时装不一定美。 D. 耐穿。

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2021年专业英语八级阅读训练试题及答案：

NCBinInterpol

NCB in Interpol

The organization known to the world as Interpol has sometimesbeen described as an outfit of chisel-jawed

gimlet-eyed crimefighters who put their lives in jeopardy every working hour. Lessflatteringly, Interpol has also been described as a huge filingcabinet, stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics.

As with most generalities, there is some truth in both statements. There are, certainly, some grimbattlers of crime to be found working with Interpol. There are, just as surely, those drones shufflingmountains of paper whose cheeks are sallow from indoor life. Consider the charisma of the namealone: INTERPOL, the international police force. Continents leaped in a single bound, oceanscrossed in the space of a breath, villains watched by eyes that never sleep. Surprisingly, a lot of ithappens almost that way. Four groups coordinate and direct the activities of Interpol. One of them is the National CentralBureaus, or NCBs, bodies designated by the member nations to serve as their link with Interpol.These are the front-line troops, the action people. IN the United States, the Treasury Departmentis the National Central Bureau. In the United Kingdom, it is Scotland Yard; the Questura in Italy andthe Melbourne City Police in Australia. Because police

organization varies from country, the NCBswere established to act as the one special group to handle Interpol chores and unsure maximumcooperation between nations. Each NCB is usually an official government body with police powers ifa country has only one central police authority, that body becomes the National Centre Bureau. Ofcourse, any service appointed as an NCB is bound to its nation’s law and authority and retains itsnational title.

Each NCB is connected by radio to the regional station for its geographic zone. The regionalstations are connected to the Central Station in France. The radio network is versatile. Networkstations can monitor the Central station or any regional station. Because of this messages can bebroadcast to more than one station at a time. A coding system determines the urgency of eachmessage so that those with high priority can be given precedence. Besides, other communicationtools, such as radio-teleprinters and phototelegraphy equipment. Permit rapid transfers offingerprints and photographs. Sometimes ever more advanced technology is employed. When thepolice all over the world were looking for a Canadian named George Leray, they turned to the EarlyBird Satellite. Leray had led his

gang on a daring holdup of a Montreal bank and gotten away with$4 million. Scotland Yard broadcast Leray’s photo to the world by satellite. An American who sawthe picture in Florida recognized Leray as a man who was living on a yacht in Fort Lauderdaleunder an assumed name. The police were alerted and arrested Leray.

1. What is the best title for this passage?

[A] The Function of the Interpol. [B] The Quality of the Interpol.

[C] The Organization of the Interpol. [D] The Rapid Development of the Interpol.

2. The organization of this passage is [A] general to specific. [B] cause and effect. [C] comparison and contrast. [D] development.

3. The sentence “stuffed with clerks choking on their own statistics” in the first paragraph is closestin meaning to [A] a lot of employees busying in their work.

[B] many office workers busying with various documents.

[C] crowded with office workers busying with their own collected data.

[D] workers busying in their own information. 4. Which is the easiest tool to communicate? [A] Satellite. [B] Radio.

[C] Teleprinter. [D] Phototelegraphy. 答案详解：

1. C. 国际刑警组织。上面文章大意已经说明介绍国际刑警组织，其职能性质只是附带涉及。所以

A. B. 不对。 D. 迅速发展，文章没有涉及。 2. A. 文章是一般到具体的组织结构。

B. 因果 和 C. 对比。 不对。 D. 展开，任何文章都得展开。 3. C. stuff=crowd 办公室挤满了工作人员，忙于分析处理收集来的信息和数据。见难句译注1参考译文。

A. 有许多雇员忙于工作; B. 许多办公室人员忙于各种文件; D. 忙于自己信息的工人。 这三项都没有。

4. B. 无线电通讯。纵然第四段内提及种种手段：卫星，无线电，打印机，传真电报。但无线电通讯仍是他们运用的最方便和最得力的工具，因为他们的无线电网络灵活多用，网络站能监控中央和各地区站点，而且一次能把信息传至好几台。至于卫星，电报，传真电报只是在特殊情况下运行，如快速传送照片，指纹等。所以A. 卫星， C. 无线电打印机， D. 传真电报，不对。

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2021年专业英语八级阅读训练试题及答案：

ASenseofHumor

A Sense of Humor

Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes usfrom animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears tobe utterly devoid of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. Andit is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter doesnot seem to serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divideworld, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose eachother on a great many issues. Nations may disagree aboutsystems of government and human relations may be plaguedby ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And

laughter, inturn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor Certaincomic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity ofCharlie Chaplin’s early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matterwhich country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson,once remarked, ‘Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in thesame way.’

A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle toan earth quaking roar, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correctsense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funnyside, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded thattragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lop sided view of things.

This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; wehover so often on the brink of war; political realities are usually enough to

plunge us into totaldespair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redressthe balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their senseof proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic orabsurd. We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gulliver’s Travels. TheLilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can’t agree which end to break anegg. We laugh because we meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is too powerful aweapon to be allowed to flourish.

The sense of humor must be singled out as man’s most important quality because it is associatedwith laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative– these are qualities we share with other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. Ifhappiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key. 1. The most important of all human qualities is [A] a sense of humor.

[B] A sense of satire. [C] A sense of laughter. [D] A sense of history.

2. The author mentions about Charlie Chaplin’s early films because

[A] they can amuse people.

[B] Human beings are different from animals. [C] They show that certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal.

[D] They show that people have the same ability to laugh. 3. One of the chief functions of irony and satire is [A] to show absurdity of actions. [B] to redress balance.

[C] to take the wind out of politicians. [D] to show too much grimness in the world.

4. What do we learn from the sentence ‘it is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish intotalitarian regimes?’

[A] It can reveal the truth of political events with satire.

[B] It can arouse people to riot.

[C] It shows tragedy and comedy are related. [D] It can make people laugh. 5. Who is Swift? [A] A novelist. [B] A poet. [C] A dramatist. [D] A essayist. 答案详解：

1. A 幽默感。文章一开始就提出人类有别于动物是人有笑的功能，世界纷争繁杂、人际关系因意识观点差异而对峙，国家制度不一，但人们都能笑。笑基于人类最复杂而又微妙的品质――幽默感。反

过来说没有幽默感的人恐怕难以笑。第二段正式指出：幽默感表现形式多种多样，而笑可由微笑到狂笑种种，但其效果相同，幽默感有助于我们保持正确的价值观。这是政治狂热者所缺乏的特征。如果我们能看见滑稽可笑的一面，我们就不会犯过于看重自己的错误。我们总会记得悲剧离喜剧不愿，因此，我们不会有偏重某一测的观点。第四段画龙点睛的指出幽默是人类最重要的特征，因为它和笑声结合在一起。而笑又是和幸福联系在一起。勇气、决心、创造力特征，我们和其他生命形式共享，而幽默感是人类所独有的。如果幸福是我们生活的伟大目标，那幽默感就是开启幸福的钥匙。 B.讽刺感。这是第三段讲的内容，讽刺的功能，但不是人类最重要的特征。C.笑感。D.历史观点。

2. C 作者提卓别林的电影的目的是证明某些喜剧模式对全世界都有吸引力。

A.它可以取悦任何人。B.人类和动物不同。D.证明人有同样笑的功能。

3. B使各种事情重新相等和均衡。第三段着重讲了这一点。人类在痛苦中挣扎，常处于战争的边缘。政治实现令人绝望，在这种处境中，对某些政治事物的讽刺挖苦和漫画可以使各种心理重新平衡，可使失去均衡感的政客地下高傲头颅;可使我看见许多深邃的事情荒谬可笑。

A.表现行为的荒唐。C.使政治家气馁。D.表现世界上太多的令人沮丧之事。

4. A它可以以讽刺的手法解释政治时间的真相。

B.这可促使人民*。C.它表示了悲剧和喜剧相联系。D.它能使人哭。 5. A小说家。

B.诗人。C.戏剧家。D.散文家。

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2021年专业英语八级阅读训练试题及答案：

Fingerprints

Fingerprints

The search for latent prints is done in a systematic andintelligent manner. Investigators develop techniques to locatetraces of fingerprints at a crime scene. The basic premise insearching for latent prints is to examine more carefully thoseareas, which would most likely be touched by persons who havebeen on the scene. The natural manner in which a person woulduse and place his hands in making an entrance or exit from abuilding or in handling any object is the key to the discovery oflatent prints.

Where a forced entrance has been made, latent prints are likely to be found on any surfaceadjacent to or at that point. Any object with a smooth, non-porous surface is likely to retain latentprints if touched. Fingerprints on rough surfaces are usually of little value. If the fingermark doesnot disclose ridge detail when viewed under a reading glass, the chances are that its value inidentification is nil when photographed. Where fingermarks are found, it will be necessary for

theinvestigator to compare them against the ones of persons having legitimate access to the premisesso that the traces might be eliminated as having evidentiary value if they prove to be from thesepersons. Places to search for prints on an automobile are the rear view mirror, steering wheel hub,steering column, windshield dashboard and the like. Dusting of surface may be done with a fine brush or with an atomizer. The whit powders usedare basically finely powdered white lead, talc, or chalk. Another light powder is basically Chemist’sgray. A good black powder is composed of lampblack, graphite, and powdered acacia. Dragon’sblood is good powder for white surface and can be fixed on paper by heating. In developing latentprints, the

accepted method is to use the powder sparingly and brush lightly. Do not use powder ifthe fingermark is visible under oblique lighting. It can be photographed. A good policy for thenovice is to experiment with his own prints on a surface similar to the one he wishes to search inorder to determine the powder best suited to the surface. Fingerprints after dusting may be liftedby using fresh cellulose tape or commercially prepared material especially designed to lift andtransfer dusted latent fingerprints. In addition to latent prints, the investigator must not overlook the possibility of two other typesof fingerprint traces: molded impression and visible impression. Molded impressions are formed bythe pressure of the finger upon comparatively soft, pliable, or plastic surfaces producing an actualmold of the fingerprint pattern. These can be recorded by photograph without treating thesurface, is usually most effective in revealing the impressions clearly. Visible impressions are formedwhen the finger is covered with some substance which is transferred to the surface contacted.Fingers smeared with blood, grease, dirt, paint, and the like will leave a visible impression. If theseimpressions are clear and sharp, they are photographed

under light without ant treatment.Ordinarily, prints of this type are blurred or smeared and do not contain enough detail foridentification by comparison. However, they can not be overlooked or brushed aside without firstbeing examined carefully.

1. What is the best title for this passage? [A] Visible impressions. [B] Moulded impressions. [C] Fingerprints. [D] Latent fingerprints.

2. How many fingermarks are mentioned in this passage? [A] 2. [B] 3. [C] 4. [D] 5.

3. Which type of fingerprints is most likely to retain? [A] Latent fingerprints. [B] Visible impressions. [C] Moulded impressions. [D] Clear fingerprints. 4. How many ways are there to develop fingerprints? [A] 2. [B] 3. [C] 4. [D] 5. 答案详解：

1. C. 指印，不管哪一种。

A. 可见压痕。 B. 模性压痕。 C. 潜指印，都属于指印。所以的标题应是指印。

2. B. 三种指印，即：潜指印，模性和可见压痕。

3. A. 潜指印。因为潜指印隐秘，又是作案人无意中留下不易为人发现和破坏。其价值性从文中第三段描写取潜指印可见一般。 B. 和C. 见第四段“一定不要忽略其它两种类型的指印痕：模性压痕和可见压痕的可能性”这说明这两种指印较少，特别是模性压痕是在相当柔软，柔韧或者塑性表面留下的，作案人一般都是小心翼翼的，不留下指印，更不太可能在这类东西上压上一个指痕。至于可见压痕，是手上沾了“血，油脂，脏土，油漆之类物品”留下。“一般来说，这种类型的指印都是模糊不清或者是污脏难分，比较之下它们对鉴定来说，没有足够细节证据。” D. 清楚指印，没有这个专门名称。

4. A. 两种。第三段第四句起“在显影指印时，公认的方法是用少许粉末，轻轻拂扫。如果指印在昏暗的灯光下可见，就可以摄影”，“指印轻扫后就用指纹胶带或商业专备材料把它们取下。这是一种专门设计用于取下和转移轻拂扫后的指印材料。”

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