复习上节课的内容
复习unit3 单词、短语、重点句子和语法
一、单词：
核心词汇名词
可数名词
field — a field — two fields
quiz — a quiz — three quizzes
a ground — four grounds
land — a land — two lands
problem — a problem — four problems
Fact — a fact — several facts
不可数名词
the Earth（地球） — the Moon(月亮) — the Sun(太阳)
pollution（n.） — pollute（v.）=make sth dirty
energy (n.) — clean energy（清洁能源） — heat energy（热能）
二、 短语/固定搭配：
1、短语：
provide …with… find out be covered by in the sky make energy for example three quarters take a look find out …into…
throw away
on earth
a lot of
of course
one quarter
at home
come from
different types of
put
in the end get cooler
2、固定搭配：
call sth. sth.
provide sb. with sth.
stop doing sth.
it be +形容词 + for sb. +to do sth.
let sb. do sth.
help sb. do sth.
ask sb. (to) do sth.
keep sb. + 形容词
三、 经典句型：
There are also many people like you and me on earth.
It is important for us to protect the earth for our future.
What is the weather like in different places on earth?
四、重点短语
1. protect the Earth保护地球 protect sb/sth from doing
我们必须保护那片森林免受火灾。 翻译：
2. provide sb with sth. = provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物=give sb sth=give sth to sb
【拓展】
supply sb with sth. = supply sth. to sb.为某人提供某物
offer sb sth. = offer sth. to sb提供某人某物
太阳给我们提供光和热。翻译：
3. make energy制造能源
4. put … into …把……倒入……
他们把废水倒入河中。 翻译：
和put 相关的短语：
put on put off put out
5. stop doing sth停止做某事
stop sb from doing sth阻止某事发生
stop to do sth.停下来去做（另一件）事
王先生进来时，我们停止了谈话。 翻译：
当我们在街道上碰见时，我们停下来说话。 翻译：
6. throw away扔掉
不要乱扔废纸。 翻译：
7. a report on/about …关于…的一个报告
8. keep sb/sth. safe保证某人/某物的安全
keep sb. /sth+ 形容词 保持某人/某物
外套能使你暖和。 翻译：
我们尽最大的努力使我们的学校保持干净、整洁。 翻译：
9. take a look at sw.看一看某地
10. on Earth在地球上
我们生活在地球上。 翻译 ：
on earth 还有“到底，究竟”的意思，置于what, when等疑问词后，以加强问句的语气
这到底是什么东西？ 翻译：
on earth 还可以作“世上”解，用于最高级以后，以加强语气
我是世界上最幸福的人。 翻译：
相关短语：
on the land在陆地上 in the sky在天上 under the water在水下
11. go with sth.与……相配;适合于
12. lift sth up举起某物
13. keep sth alive使某物继续存在/使某物继续下去
14. come from sw.= be from sw.来自（于）
15. ask sb (not) to do sth.要求某人（不）做某事 ask sb for sth向某人要某物
16. make sth. clean/dirty使某物干净/弄脏 make sb do sth.使某人做某事
17. at the beginning of …在……之初
【拓展】at the end of在……结尾；在……末端
18. some …some…一些……一些……
这里有许多花园，一些是大的，一些是小的。翻译：
19. burn sth=set sth on fire 燃烧某物
她把书全烧了。 翻译：
20. fewer and fewer 越来越少
形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级 越来越…….
我们的国家变得越来越强大。 翻译：
常考句型
1. There are forests and rivers, mountains and fields.(地球上)有森林和河流，山脉和田野。
【辨析】there be表示“某时/某地有某人/某物”，强调存在关系；have 表示“拥有”，强调所属关系。
2. All plants need light and water. 所有的植物都需要阳光和水。→ Light and water are needed by all plants.
need sb./sth. to do sth. 需要某人/物做某事
我需要你帮我。 翻译：
need to do sth. 需要做某事
你需要马上去那儿。 翻译：
3. There are also many people like you and me on Earth.地球上也有很多像你我一样的人。
= There are many people like you and me on Earth, too.
【辨析】also, too, either三者都表示“也”，also和too可以互换，都可以用于肯定句和疑问句，但also常放在句中；too常放在句末，too前面要加逗号；either只用于
否定句。
4. The Earth provides us with air, water and food. 地球给我们提供空气，水和植物。
= The Earth provides air, water and food for us.
5. It is important for us to protect the Earth for our future.为了我们的未来，保护地球很重要。
= To protect the Earth for our future is important.
“It+be+形容词+for+sb.+动词不定式短语”句型，意为：对某人来说做某事是……it 在句首做形式主语，后面的动词不定式短语才是句子的真正主语。
对我们来说学英语很重要。 翻译：
对我们来说学好英语很有用。 翻译：
练习：
I．根据句意及首字母提示写单词，补全句子。
1. We all live on E_________.
2. It is a good design (设计) p_________ for us to learn.
3. This morning, we have a q _________ about Maths.
4. We must p_________ ourselves because there are many dangerous things.
5. Today, it's my turn to make a r_________ on studying.
II．根据句意及汉语提示写单词，补全句子。
6. The arm is a_________(部分) of our body.
7. There are many plants on the_________(陆地).
8. There are many kinds of vegetables(蔬菜)in the _________(田野).
9. The box is too _________ (大的) for you to carry.
10. The country _________ (提供) people with fruit.
11. There is a lot of _________(污染) in this city.
12. I have no _________ (能量) to go on running!
III．根据汉语提示补全句子，每空一词，缩写算一词。
13．中国有许多漂亮的地方。
There are many _________ _________in China.
14．关于地球你知道些什么？
What do you _________ _________the Earth?
15．这场考试对我来说很重要。
This exam is very _________ _________me.
16．不要在房子里烧东西，因为很危险。
_________ _________things in the house, because it's dangerous.
17．你必须按时睡觉。
You _________ _________to bed on time.
18．爸爸告诉我不要杀鸟儿。
Father tells me not _________ _________birds.
19．我有许多书。有些有趣，有些无聊。
I have many books. _________are interesting and _________ are boring.
20．我们必须停止工作。
We must _________ _________.
21．今天天气如何？
_________ the weather _________today?
22．图书馆有许多不同的书。
There are _________ _________ _________ in the library.
IV．从下面的方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空，补全句子。
put ... into, protect ... from, in the sky, much
23. There is _________ rubbish in the place.
24. We can see a lot of kites _________ _________ _________.
25. The little girl _________her hands _________ her pockets.
26. We should _________ our eyes _________ being hurt(被伤害)．
五、名词的数
名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式。不可数名词一般没有复数形式。可数名词的单数往往要与不定冠词a/an连用，复数则使用其复数形式。
1. 可数名词的数：
可数名词复数形式的构成：
① 规则变化：
__________________________
如：cap— cake—
___________________________________
如：glass— watch—
____________________________________
如：shelf— knife—
____________________________________________________
如：story— baby—
_________________________
如：potato— hero—
②不规则变化：
a. 改变元音字母，发音也随之变化：
man(人；男人)— woman(女人)— postman(邮递员)— fireman(消防员)— foot(脚)— goose(鹅)—
a man teacher(一名男老师)—
a woman nurse(一名女护士)—
b. 单复数同形的词：
a sheep(一只羊) — a fish（一条鱼）— 鹿）—
tooth(牙齿)—t a deer（一头
c. 通常以复数形式出现的名词：
scissors(剪刀) trousers(裤子) clothes(衣服) glasses(眼镜) shorts(短裤)
d. 表示“某国人”的单复数：
单数和复数相同， 如：a Japanese— a Chinese—
变man为men, 如：an Englishman— a Frenchwoman—
词尾加-s, 如：a German— an American—
【总结】中日不变，英法变，其他“s”加后面 e.
其他形式：a child—two children an ox—three oxen(三头牛) a mouse—four mice（四只老鼠）
不可数名词的数:
不可数名词通常只有单数形式，前面无需加不定冠词a/an。
如：water, milk, oil, soil, ink, bread, juice等。
但如果需要表示具体的数量时，要使用以下短语：
a glass of juice a piece of paper a slice of bread
练习：
I．根据句意，用a，an, much或many填空，补全句子。
1. I eat _________apple every day.
2. Mum, I want to have _________ orange.
3. He buys _________bananas.
4. In the morning, I drink _________ milk. 5. He has _________ map.
6. Carla has _________ different books.
7. There is _________water on the road.
8. He knows _________different languages.
9. I book _________room for my brother.
10. In China, there are__________ foreigners(外国人).
六、 There be句型
1、构成：There be ...句型表示的是 “某处(存在)有某人或某物”，其结构为There be(is，are，was, were )+名词+地点状语。
例如：There are fifty-two students in our class.
There is a pencil in my pencil-case.
There was an old house by the river five years ago.
1、 各种句式：
否定句：There be句型否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上“not”。也可用“no”来表示。即：no + n.（名词）= not a\\an\\any + n.（名词）。
注意：no + n.（可数名词单数）= not a\\an + n.（可数名词单数）；
no + n.（可数名词复数）= not any + n.（可数名词复数）；
no + n.（不可数名词）= not any + n.（不可数名词）。
例如：
There is an orange in her bag.
→There isn’t an orange in her bag. = There is no orange in her bag.
There are some oranges in her bag.
→There aren’t any oranges in her bag. = There are no oranges in her bag.
There is some juice in the bottle
.→There isn’t any juice in the bottle. = There is no juice in the bottle.
一般疑问句：
There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。
例如：
There is some money in her handbag.
→ Is there any money in her handbag? (疑问句和否定句中，some改为any, something改为anything.)
There is something new in today’s newspaper.
→ Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?
3、特殊疑问句：
There be句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式：
1）对主语提问：
当主语是人时，用 “Who’s + 介词短语?”；
当主语是物时，用 “What’s + 介词短语?”。其中there在口语中常常省略。
注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：
There is a bird in the tree.
→What’s in the tree?
There are some bikes over there.
→What’s over there?
There is a little girl in the room.
→Who is in the room?
② 对地点状语提问：
用 “Where is \\ are + 主语?”表示（注意其答语变化）：例如：
There is a computer in my office.
→ Where is the computer? — It’s in my office.
There are four children in the classroom.
→Where are the four children? — They’ re in the classroom.
③ 对数量提问：
一般有两种提问方式：
如果主语是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，都用“How many +可数名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？”表示
如：There are twelve months in a year.
→How many months are there in a year?
There is only one book in my bag.
→ How many books are there in your bag?
There is a cat in the box. → How many cats are there in the box?
如果主语是不可数名词，则用“ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短
语？”表示
如：There is some money in my purse.
→ How much money is there in your purse?
4、注意事项：
1.） There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is”。
例如：
There is a basketball in the box.
如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are”。
例如：
There are many birds in the tree.
如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。
例如：
There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.
There are some bananas and an orange in the basket.
2. ）There be句型和have\\has的区别：
There be句型表示 “存在有”, have\\has表示 “拥有” “所有”,两者不能同时使用.
例如：桌子上有三本书。
There are three books on the desk.
我有三本书。
I have three books.
【总结】There be句型有特点，主语放在be后边。
主语单三用is，复数主语要用are。
变否定，很简单，be后要把not添。
变问句也不难，把be提到there前。
肯定句中用some，否定疑问any换。
练习：
I.根据句意，用适当的系动词填空，补全句子。
11. There _________ a book and two pens on the desk.
12. There _________ many apples in the bag.
13. There _________ much water in the glass.
14. There _________ an egg on the table.
15. There _________ many animals in the zoo.
II．将下列句子变成否定句和一般疑问句。
1.There is some water in the bottle.
2.There are many apples in the box.
Ⅲ. 单项填空。
( )8.There___ not ____ milk in the cup on the table .
A. are, many B. are , much C. is ,many D. is ,much
( )10.How many ___ are there in the room ?
A. apple B. students C. milk D. paper
( )11.Do you know if ___ a meeting next Sunday ?
A. there was going to have B. there was going to be
C. is there going to be D. there will be
( )12.－ Is this the last exam we have to take ? C
－ No, but there ____ another test three months later from now.
A. will be going to B. is C. will be D. has been
( )13.There ______ great changes in such kind of computers in the last few years.
A. is B. are C. will be D. have been
( )14.There _____ a film tomorrow evening．
A．will have B．have C．is going to be D．has
( )15.There ________ a football match on TV this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have
( )16.There ____ a school at the foot of the hill.
A．have B．stand C．are D．stands
( )17.There's going to ____ in tomorrow's newspapers.
A. have something new B. have new something
C. be something new D. be new something
( )19.How many boys ____ there in Class one?
A. be B. is C. are D. am
( )20.There ____ a lot of good news in today's newspaper.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
Ⅳ.汉译英。
34.房子前面有一辆小汽车。
35.今晚不开会。
36.我能为你做点什么吗？
37.山脚下有一棵大树。
38.你们班有多少学生？
39.桌子上放着什么？
40.你丢的那个钱包里有多少钱？
参考答案
1.There is not any water in the bottle.
Is there any water in the bottle?
2.There are not many apples in the box.
Are there many apples in the box?
II. 3.How many days are there in a week.?
4.How many books are there in your library?
5.What’s (there) over there.
6.How much milk is there in the glass?
Ⅲ. 7–11 CDBBD 12-16 CDCBD 17-21 CACAA
22-26 BBADB 27-31 CBBAA 32-33 CB
Ⅳ. 34) There is a car in front of the house.
35) There is not going to be a meeting tonight.
36) Is there anything I can do for you ?
37) There stands a tall tree at the foot of the mountain .
38) How many students are there in your class?
39) What’s on the table ?
40) How much money is there in the purse you have lost ?
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