2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文话题10篇训练之十
[一]
It used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan — a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book — said:“All children, except one, grow up.” But this “fact” doesn’t seem to apply to today’s world anymore. According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself. These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials — people born between the 1980s and 2000s.
“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. This is also why these adults are sometimes referred to as “kidults”.
According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today’s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. “It reminds me of the playful side of life,” Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment. Despite this, some social scientists see the trend as disturbing. To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad.”
But scientists are probably just worrying too much. According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture
- 1 -
stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that’,” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.”
So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline (标语) of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory (被迫的), but growing up is optional.”
27. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 imply? A. Something old is not suitable for a new world. B. Many adults still have some childlike features. C. All children grow up as they become adults.
D. It’s difficult for some children to grow up in today’s world. 28. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Frederique Tutt believes that some adults enjoy playing with children’s toys to escape the stress.
B. Rob Willner believes that the pleasure brought by toys is easier to achieve.
C. Frank Furendi believes that the thrill of youth does not attract adults.
D. Todd McFarlane is worrying too much about collecting toys. 29. What is the writer’s attitude towards the trend of growing kidults? A. Supportive B. Doubtful C. Critical D. Indifferent
30. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Growing Old Or Growing Up B. Toys Sales On The Rise C. Staying Young Forever D. Kidults In Fashion Again 参考答案：27-30 BAAC [二]
It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible.
- 2 -
Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether.
Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and calm so necessary in modern traffic condition. But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.
However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may be not able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies (奶奶).
An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers can’t even learn to drive. Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand
more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.
32. According to the passage, troubles on the road are often caused by .
A. road conditions B. the speed of modern life C. the large number of cars D. the behavior of the drivers
- 3 -
33.In the writer’s opinion, . A. drivers should show road politeness properly. B. strict traffic rules are badly needed C. unskillful drivers should be punished D. drivers should avoid traffic jams 34. What is the best title of the passage? A. Road Politeness B. Traffic Problems
C. Bad Manners on the Road D. Good Drivers and Bad Driver 35. According to the writer, a good driver should_______. A. beat back when forced to face rude driving
B. encourage old ladies to cross the roads whenever they want to. C. be able to recognize politeness when he sees it
D. join in traffic stream quickly however other people feel 参考答案：32-35 DAAC
[三]
Over the centuries the French have lost a number of famous battles with the British. However, they’ve always felt superior in the kitchen. France has for centuries had a reputation for cooking excellence, and Britain for some of the worst cooking in the world. But according to a recent survey, that reputation may no longer reflect reality.
In the survey, 71% of the Britons said they cook at home every day, while only 59% of the French said they cook daily. British home cooks spend more time cooking each week and also produce a greater variety of dishes than French home cooks.
The reaction in London was predictably enthusiastic. British food has greatly improved since the 1990s. Once upon a time, the menu for many family meals would have been roast beef, potatoes and over-cooked vegetables, but not now. Home cooks are experimenting with the huge range of ingredients (烹调原料) now available in British supermarkets and are preparing all kinds of new dishes, using the cookbooks that sell millions of copies every year. As a result, there’s much more diversity in British food now, compared to French food, which tends to be very traditional.
Some French people say that the survey did not show the whole picture.
- 4 -
They agree that during the week French women don’t cook as much as they used to because most of them work and don’t have much time. They tend to buy ready-made or frozen dishes, but many of them make up for it on the weekend. There’s also a difference between Paris and the countryside. It’s true that people in Paris don’t cook much, but elsewhere, cooking is still at the heart of daily life.
For many French people, opinions about British food have not changed. When Bernard Blier, the food editor at a magazine, was asked about British food, he replied: “I don’t go out of my way to try it. It is not very refined. You can say that I’m not a fan at all.”
16. What does the underlined part in the first paragraph imply? A. French cooking is better than British cooking. B. The British defeated the French in many battles. C. British cooking is thought to be the worst. D. British cooking is now better than it was.
17. According to the passage, nowadays British people ________. A. cook less at home than the French every day B. no longer eat roast beef and over-cooked vegetables C. are more willing to try cooking all kinds of new foods D. buy more cookbooks than French people do 18. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A. French women cook less often now.
B. The French prefer ready-made dishes. C. French women seldom cook on the weekend. D. Cooking is at the heart of people’s life in Paris. 19. What is Bernard’s attitude towards British food? A. He would love to try it. it.
C. He considers it worse than before. than before.
20. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The history of British food. food.
C. The change in British food. food.
参考答案：16-20 DCABC
- 5 -
B. He shows no interest in
D. He considers it better
B. The history of French D. The change in French
[四]
On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding waistlines lead to not only a medical problem, but according to a recent article In The New York Times, it could also endanger personal safety in some situations—in an airplane crash, for example.
The New York Times' Christen Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are adequately constructed to protect overweight travelers. Government standards for airplane seat strength（强度）— first set moe than 60 years ago — require that the seats be made for a passenger weighing 170 pounds (77kg). Today, the average American man weighs nearly 194 pounds (88kg) and the average woman 165 pounds (75kg). Negroni reports:
“If a heavier person completely fills seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash,” said Robert Salazar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy absorption that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly.”
“Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from 'the uncontrolled movements of the passenger'.”
Most complaints about airplane seats focus on their lack of comfort and high ticket price, and whether overweight passengers should be made to buy two seats. But The New York Times' article brings up another reason to feel anxious about flying. Investigators of the issue got in touch with the airplane seat and seat belt makers, but they refused to comment on the problem. Experts agreed that crash testing should be done with overweight
- 6 -
dummies （人体模型）. Both airplane seats and seat belts should be tested, they said.
Fortunately, however, according to Nora Marshall, a senior adviser at the National Transportation Safety Board, the board's investigators have never seen an accident involving a commercial plane in which the weight of a passenger was a problem.
32. What is the article in The New York Times mainly concerned with? A. The size of airplane seats and seat belts. B. Airplane crashes involving commercial planes. C. Safety of overweight airplane passengers. D. A medical problem caused by being overweight.
33. Robert Salzar would probably agree that . A. overweight passengers should buy two seats
B. standards for airplane seat strength should be raised C. the government should help produce safer planes D. passengers should know how to protect themselves 34. We can learn from the text that . A. airplane seat makers have taken action now B. there are few complaints about airplane seats
C. only a small number of airplane accidents involve the overweight D. those seats near the overweight may suffer too 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Why Do Passengers Feel Anxious about Flying? B. Are Airplane Seats Safe Enough for the Overweight? C．When Will the Overweight Enjoy Their Flight? D. Will 42% of Americans Be OVERWEIGHT BY 2030? 参考答案：32-35 CBDB
【分析】本文是议论文。随着肥胖人群的增多，目前的飞机座椅能否保证他们的安全？本文围绕这一问题展开了论述。本文第一段引出话题；第二段首句为全
- 7 -
文中心句，点明了文章的主旨，即目前的飞机座椅是否能够保证肥胖乘客的安全。 32.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The New York Times' Christine Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are adequately constructed to protect overweight travelers. ”可知，这个报道主要关注的是肥胖乘客乘坐飞机的安全问题。故选C。
33.推理判断题。“If a heavier person completely fills a seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash,” said Robert Salzar,根据第三段大意可知，肥胖乘客乘坐飞机时，座椅不一定能够保证他们的安全，故可推断Robert Salzar很可能希望提高飞机座椅的强度标准。故选B。 34.细节理解题。根据第四段中的““ If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could be endangered by ' the uncontrolled movements of the passenger'.””可知，肥胖乘客周围的乘客也可能会有危险。故选D。
35.主旨大意题。随着肥胖人群的增多，目前的飞机座椅能否保证他们的安全？本文围绕这一问题展开了论述。本文第一段引出话题；第二段首句为全文中心句，点明了文章的主旨，即目前的飞机座椅是否能够保证肥胖乘客的安全，故B项为最佳标题。
[五]
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically
- 8 -
speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.
32. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .
A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.
B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in C. they believed disease could be spread in public baths D. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease
33. Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing? A. Afraid. B. Curious. C. Approving. D.
Uninterested.
34. How does the passage mainly develop?
A. By providing examples. B. By making comparisons.
C. By following the order of time. D. By following the order of importance.
35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To stress the role of dirt. B. To introduce the history of dirt.
C. To call attention to the danger of dirt. D. To present the change of views on dirt. 参考答案：
32C 33A 34C 35D
[六]
According to new research from the University of Cambridge in England, sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs.
The farm animals, who are social and have large brains, were previously known to be able to recognize one another, as well as familiar humans. However, their ability to recognize human faces from photos alone is novel.
- 9 -
The recent study, the results of which were published in the journal Royal Society showed that the woolly creatures could be trained to recognize still images of human faces, including those of former President Barack Obama and actress Emma Watson.
Initially, the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards. Later, they were able to recognize the image for which they had been rewarded. The sheep could even recognize images of faces shown at an angle, though their ability to do so declined by about 15 percent - the same rate at which a human’s ability to perform the same task declines.
“Anyone who has spent time working with sheep will know that they are intelligent, individual animals who are able to recognize their handlers,” said Professor Jenny Morton, who led the Cambridge study. “We’ve shown with our study that sheep have advanced face-recognition abilities, comparable with those of humans and monkeys.”
Recognizing faces is one of the most important social skills for human being, and some disorders of the brain, including Huntington’s disease, affect this ability.
“Sheep are long-lived and have brains that are similar in size and complexity to those of some monkeys. That means they can be useful models to help us understand disorders of the brain, such as Huntington’s disease, which develops over a long time and affects cognitive abilities. Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change.” Morton said. 25. According to the new research, what’s unusual about sheep?
A. They have large brains. B. They can recognize their owners.
C. They can recognize human faces from photograph. D. They can tell animals from humans.
26. How did the researchers train the sheep?
A. By giving food rewards. B. By showing photos of humans and monkeys by turns.
C. By showing photos of famous people.D. By guiding them to follow their handlers.
27. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Sheep have a higher face-recognition ability than monkeys.
B. The sheep’s face-recognition ability may prevent some disorders of the brain.
C. The sheep’s face-recognition ability says the same when shown photos
- 10 -
at any angle.
D. The new discovery is beneficial to the study of cognitive ability changes.
28. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. A Wonderful Scientist B. How Sheep Recognize Each Other C. A New discovery about Sheep D. The Life of Sheep 参考答案：25. C 26 A 27. D 28. C
[七]
If you enjoy reading， the realm of books will become a paradise（乐园） which cannot be experienced by watching television． A study has shown how those who read for pleasure achieve more in literacy（读写能力） and thinking abilities than those who don't． Actually， there is nothing else which will expand your language skills and make your imagination fly．
To begin with， language skills can be better learned through reading for pleasure than through watching TV for entertainment． At best， watching television can be educational as well as entertaining， but nobody wishes to raise literacy levels by simply sitting in front of a TV box．
Therefore， only by reading can you enrich your vocabulary． However， it must be made clear that the link between literacy and reading is like comparing health to sport． One is something functional and the other is something you do because you enjoy it．
The books that help you most in imagination are those which make you think the most． In this light， reading for pleasure， both paper﹣based and on﹣screen， is far more beneficial than watching TV． For example， there is always a book which is opened with expectation and closed with profit： imagination． Unfortunately， some people's love of books is being ruined by television， which may be considered as a decline in thinking abilities． On the whole， watching TV is largely harmless as an entertainment and information tool， but there is no better way to enhance your language skills and imagination than reading for pleasure． For those who would continue to enjoy reading， there is a paradise not yet being lost． Having acquired an amount of language skills through wide reading， you might as well imagine that such a paradise would not be very unlike a kind of library． 21． In the author's opinion， watching TV is ．
A． a waste of time and energy B． a paradise for children C． beneficial to some extent D． just for entertainment 22． What does the author think of reading？
A． People can obtain the truest information through it． B． Watching TV offers more pleasure than it in reality．
C． More language skills will be obtained as people do more of it． D． It plays the same role in firing kids' imagination as watching TV． 23． How is the passage mainly developed？
A． By making a comparison． B． By describing a process． C． By using some examples． D． By following time order．
- 11 -
参考答案：21 CCA
[八]
InhighschoolIwasveryshy,contenttohangaroundwithmysmallgroupoffriends and to concentrate on my courses. I was quickly labeled a “brain.” I did so well that by the end of senior year I had perfect grades and enough college credits to give up an entire quarter of coursework.
But in early June of senior year, the principal called me into office. He asked me to give a speech at gradation. I gaped(目瞪口呆地凝视)at him, my heart thumping. Thiswastherewardformyhardwork?Imumbledsomething andfledtheoffice,blaming myself for staying away from physics, a subject sure to have broken up my perfect record.
Ifinallyagreedtoacompromise.Iwouldsharethehonorwithfiveotherstudents.
IagreedtointroducemyfriendJudy,whowouldthengiveherown,full-lengthspeech.
Graduation day soon arrived. I’d been practicing my speech for days, and
I
had
itmemorized.
Thefirsthalfhouroftheceremonypassedinablur,andthenmymoment came. My name was announced. I managed to reach the podium without falling down. I faced my classmates. My voice trembled a little, but mostly it was clear and strong. But within seconds, I was done and heading back to my seat. I accomplished something I’d never dreamed of—I spoke in front of hundreds of people.
AlthoughIdidn’trealizeitatthetime,thesuccessfulcompletionofthatspeech gave me the confidence to participate in class at college, to give
- 12 -
verbal reports, andtoeventually breakfreeofmyshyness.Inever
wouldhavechosentogiveaspeech at graduation-or ever. But I’m glad I did. I no longer hesitate when I’m faced with the prospect of doing something I dread. I know it may very well turn out to be one of my shining moments.
24. Why was the writer called a “brain”? A. She was a bookworm all the time B. She was the head of her small group C. She was the most intelligent student D. She did more coursework for good grades. 25. What can we infer from the second paragraph? A. She ruined her health by studying hard
B. She got the reward beyond expectation C. She was grateful for giving
a speech
D. She wasn’t good at physics at school
26. How did the author feel at the beginning of the graduation speech?
A. Scared B. Moved C. Excited D. Embarrassed 27. What did the speech bring to the author at last? A. She had nothing to fear in life B. She got rid of her sense of shyness C. She won enough college credits D. She desired to become a speaker
参考答案：24-27 CDAB
[九]
When something goes wrong，it can be very satisfying to say, “Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault.”or “I know I’m late，but it’s not my fault; the car broke down.” It is probably not your fault，but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation，you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if
- 13 -
you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success.
Winners are great at overcoming problems. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need. For another example, if your colleague (同事) causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don’t rely on this person. You should accept that the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of how your colleague fails to do his job well.
This is what being a winner is all about—creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. Winners don’t have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situations to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. So, stop focusing on “whose fault it is.” Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones for success. 29. According to the passage, winners . A. meet with fewer difficulties in their lives B. deal with problems rather than blame others C. have responsible and able colleagues D. blame themselves rather than others
30. The underlined word “remedy” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .
A. find B. improve C. accept D. consider
31. When your colleague brings about a problem, you should . A. ask a more able colleague for help
B. blame him for his lack of responsibility
C. tell him to find the cause of the problem D. find a better way to handle the problem
32. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. A Winner’s Opportunity. B. A Winner’s Achievement. C. A Winner’s Problem. D. A Winner’s Secret. 参考答案：29-32 BBDD
[十]
In China, many people are leaving the countryside to find jobs in the cities, because the countryside is much poorer than the city, and often there isn't much work there. Services such as hospital and transport are usually much better in the city than in the countryside. They hope that
- 14 -
their lives will improve when they move to the city.
But in the big cities of Europe like London or Paris, people are moving out of the city. These rich families want to live a quieter life. They are tired of the noise and the dirt of the city, and they are tired of the crowded streets, crowded trains and buses. They don't want to live in the cities any more. They want a house with a garden in the countryside, and breathe the fresh air there.
So they move out of the cities. Some don't go very far, just a little way out of the city, to the towns near the cities, other people move to the real countryside with sheep, cows and green fields. There, they start new lives and try to make new friends.
Not all those who move from the city to the countryside are happy. After two or three years, many people who have done this feel that it is a big mistake. They don't make so much money and there isn't much work to do. People in the countryside are very different and aren't always very friendly.
As a result, quite a lot of people who have moved to the countryside move back to the city. \"It's wonderful to see crowds in the streets and cinema lights,\" they say.
33. Which is NOT the reason for people moving to the cities in China?
A．The countryside is much poorer than the city. B．People in the countryside have nothing to eat.
C．People in the countryside don't have much work to do there. D．Services in cities are usually much better than those in the countryside.
34.The last paragraph shows us__________
A．they are happy to move back to the city B．they miss their friends in the countryside
C．they still want to move to the countryside
D．they are tired of the noise and the crowded streets in the city
- 15 -
35. The best title of this passage may be “__________”
A. A happy life!
B．Living in the city D．Living in the countryside!
C. Moving out or moving back ?
参考答案：31-35 DABAC
- 16 -
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容