Module 1 Hobbies
内容详解
1. Which hobby do you think takes up the least spacc?
你认为哪种爱好占用最少的空间?
(1)do you think在此用作插入语,意为“你认为,你觉得”。
When do you think they will arrive here?
你觉得他们会在什么时候到达这里?
How many books do you think there are in the box? 你认为箱子里有多少本书?
注意
do you think后的句子要用陈述语序。
(2)take up 占据
take up既可指时间上的“占据”,也可指空间上的“占据”。
The job takes up all my time. 这项工作占用了我所有的时间。
The table takes up too much room.这张桌子太占空间。
注意
take up是一个由动词加副词构成的短语动词,当它的宾语是代词时,必须放在两者之间。
[联想]
take off 起飞;脱下 take out 拿出 take away 拿走 take back 归还 take down 取下 take photos 拍照 take part in 参加
2. Sorry it's a bit untidy. 抱歉,这儿有点乱。
a bit意为“有点儿;稍微”,该短语在句中作程度状语,用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或介词短语。a bit还可修饰比较级。
I was a bit ill. 我有点不舒服。
He is a bit older than I. 他比我大一点。
辨析:a hit与a little
相同之处:(1)两者都可以用作名词词组,意为“一点;少许”,在句中作主语或宾语 ;(2)两者都可以用作副词词组,用来修饰形容词、副词(原级或比较级)或动词。
不同之处:(1)作定语时,a little直接修饰不可数名词,而a bit后面需要加of;(2)如果两者的前面加上not, 则其意义完全不同。not a bit=not at all,通常用作状语;not a little=very,可用作状语或定语。
一言辨异
Our English teacher often says that she is not a bit tired but in fact she is not a littletired.
我们的英语老师经常说她一点儿也不累,其实她非常累。
3. I'll tidy up the table and chairs. 我来收拾一下桌椅。
tidy up收拾,整理!
tidy up是由动词tidy和副词up构成的动词短语。它的宾语如果是名词,既坷以放在tidy和up之间,又可放在tidy up之后;如果它的宾语是代词,则必须放在tidy和up中间。
Lingling,please help tidy up the dinner table.
= Lingling, please help tidy the dinner table up. 玲玲,请帮忙收拾一下饭桌。
There are so many books on the desk. I'll tidy them up. 课桌上有这么多书,我将整理一下。
拓展
tidy还可用作形容词,意为“整洁的”,可以在句子中作定语或表语。
tidy的反义词是untidy,意为“不整洁的”。
You have a tidy / untidy bedroom.你们有一间整洁的/不整吉的卧室。
Their sitting room is very tidy/untidy. 他们的客厅非常整洁/不整洁。
4. You've got a wonderful collection. 你的收藏太棒了。
(1)have / has got是口语中常用的一个词组,意为“有”,相当于have或has。
I have got a new pen pal from the United States. 我有一位来自美国的新笔友。
He has got a lovely dog. 他有一只可爱的小狗。
温馨提示
(1)have / has got与have / has尽管含义相同,但从时态上看,前者是现在完成时,后者是 一般现在时,故构成疑问句和否定句时应注意区别对待。
Have you got a new radio? Do you have a new radio?你有一台新收音机吗?
(2)collection是名词,意为“收集;收藏品”。collector也是一个名词,意为“收藏家;收藏者”。collect是动词,意为“收集”。
She made a collection of coins. 她收集硬币。
He wants to be a great collector. 他想成为一名伟大的收藏家。
拓展
① v.+ -ion构成的名词
act +-ion—action 行动 invent+-ion—invention 发明
direct +-ion—direction 方向 impress +-ion—impression 印象
express+-ion—expression 表达 discuss+-ion—discussion 讨论
②collect 或 have a collection of 用来表示“收集……”。
有类似用法的词还有rest和look等。
Rest / have a rest 休息 look / have a look at... 看……
5. I play the violin and I listen to music all the time. 我一直拉小提琴和听音乐。
all the time意为“总是,一直”,在句中作时间状语。
The little girl was laughing all the time. 那个小女孩一直笑个不停。
[联想]
on time 准吋 in time 及时 at times 有时 from time to time 不时.
6. What made you so interested in music? 是什么让你对音乐如此感兴趣?
(1)make + sb. + adj. 使某人……,形容词在句中作宾语补足语。
Her words made me very happy. 她的话让我很开心。
(2)(be) interested in 对……感兴趣
Be / get / become interested in的主语往往是人,常常表示“某人对某事产生兴趣”。in在这里是一个介词,后面可以跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。
Almost all the children are interested in storybooks.几乎所有的孩子都对故事书感兴趣。
I became interested in making things last year.
去年我对制作东西产生了兴趣。
辨析:interested与interesting
Interested 为表语形容词,只作表语,不作定语,表示人的状态。
Interesting 既可作表语也可作定语,修饰名词或代词,表示事物的特征或性质。
一言辨异
The students in Class Two are all interested in this interesting story.
二班的学生都对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。
7. I often listened to him play the violin. 我过去经常听他拉小提琴。
(1)listen to,see,hear,watch等感官动词后可以接省to的动词不定式,作宾语补足语,表示经常性的动作或全过程,还可跟v. -ing形式。
用法歌诀
一感(feel)
二听(hear, listen to)
三让 (make, let,have)
四看(look at,see,watch, notice)
I hear a girl sing English songs in the next door every morning.
我每天早晨听到一个女孩在隔壁唱英文歌。
(2)play后接西洋乐器名词时,名词前加定冠词the;后接球类名词时,名词前不加任何冠词。
The little girl is playing the piano. 这个小女孩正在弹钢琴。
He likes playing basketball.他喜欢打篮球。
中考链接
She learned to play ______ piano all by herself.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
解析:当play后接西洋乐器时要加定冠词the。play the piano意为“弹钢琴”
答案:C
8. And he gave me my first violin eight years ago. 八年前,他送给我第一把小提琴。
give sb. sth. 相当于give sth. to sb.. 意思为“给某人某物”。当sth.是代词的宾格时,只能用give sth. to sb…类似give能接双宾语的动词还有:pass,lend,Show等。
I gave the boy a book. ( = 1 gave a book to the boy.) 我给了那个男孩一本书。
9. There's a concert at Radio Beijing. 北京电台有一场音乐会。
这是there be结构,它表示“在某地方(或某事)存在什么人或物”,指客观存在。动词be与后面相邻的名词在数上保持一致,即“就近原则”。
There be结构与实义动词have不同,前者表“存在”,后者表“所有”。
There is an apple tree in the garden. 花园里有一棵苹果树。
There are some apple trees in the garden.花园里有一些苹果树。
They have some apple trees in the garden. 他们在花园里有一些苹果树。
10. I'm going to school with you! 我要和你们一起去上学啊!
本句是用现在进行时态表示将来,表示根据安排将要做某事,人作主语宜用现在时态。
I'm not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。
温馨提示
现在进行时表示将来,主要用于go,come,leave,start等表示去向的短暂性动词。
I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。
11. What's happening on Friday? 周五有什么事吗?
happen意为“发生”。本句中虽然用现在进行时,却表示将来的动作。这种用法常用来表示一些早已安排好,一般不会改变的即将发生的事情。
My father is leaving for Beijing. 我父亲要去北京。
辨析:happen与take place
(1)happen指具体的情况的发生,特别指那些偶然事件。
An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一场事故。
(2)take place常指一些按计划、安排发生的事情。
Great changes have taken place in these years. 这几年发生了巨大的变化。
第2单元
内容详解
1. Many students have hobbies,such as reading,painting,growing vegetables in their gardens, and looking after animals.
很多学生都有爱好,比如阅读、绘画、在他们的花园里种菜和照顾动物。
(1)such as“像,例如”,相当于口语中的like。
We all like ball games, such as basketball and football. 我们都喜欢球类运动,例如篮球和足球。
辨析:such as与for example
Such as 用于列举前面概述过的同类事物,不需要用逗号与其他成分隔开,只能位于名词或名词性词组前面
For example 用于举例说明,一般用逗号与其他成分隔开。位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末。
Jim has many good friends here,such as Liu Kai and Zhang Jun.
Jim has many good friends here, Liu Kai and Zhang Jun, for example.
吉姆在这里有许多好朋友,比如刘凯和张军。
(2)look after意为“照管,照料,关心”。
I must look after my old grandma.我必须照顾我年老的奶奶。
拓展
① look after的同义词组是take care of。
They take care of their babies. 他们悉心照料他们的孩子。
② look after的另一同义词组是care for。
He spent years caring for his sick mother. 数年中他一直在照顾他生病的母亲。
2. Hobbies can make you grow as a person, develop your interests and help you learn new skills.
爱好可以使你们成长,培养你们的兴趣,并帮助你们学习新的技能。
(1)make在这里是一个使役动词,意为“使”,结构为“make+宾语+省略to的不定式(宾补)”。但如果用在被动语态中,则要加上to。
Don't make me do this or that . 不要让我做这做那的。
I was made to do this or that. 我被迫使去做这做那。
拓展
① make+宾语+形容词
My dog's death made me sad. 我的狗的死使我伤心。
② make +宾语+名词(表职位、头衔等的词)
We all made her our monitor. 我们都推选她当班长。
中考链接
— Have you seen the funny movie Let the Bullet(子弹)Fly?
— yes,it made me______ many times.
A. laugh B. cry C. sleep D. sing
解析:本题考查动词词义辨析。laugh“大笑”;cry“哭”;sleep“睡觉”;sing“唱歌”。句意为:“你看过那部搞笑的电影《让子弹飞》吗?”“是的,它使我大笑了许多次。”故选 A。
答案:A
(2)develop是动词,意为“发展”。developing是形容词,意为“发展中的” ;developed也是形容词,意为“发达的”。
China is a developing country, but Japan is a developed one.
中国是一个发展中国家,但日本是一个发达国家。
3. During the summer of 2000, he spent four weeks on a summer camp.
在2000年夏天,他参加了一个为期四周的夏令营。
spend意为“花费(钱/时间)”,主语一般是人,其结构是sb. spend (s) money / time on
sth.或 sb. spend(s)money / time (in) doing Sth.
He spends two hours on English every morning.
=He spends two hours in learning English every morning.
每天早晨他用两个小时的时间学习英语。
拓展
(1)表示“某人花费多少时间做某事”还可用动词take,其结构为:It takes sb. some time to do sth.
It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school every day.
我每天用20分钟步行去上学。
It will take us more than a year to build the tall building.
我们将用一年多的时间来建造这座高楼。
(2)表示“花费”的句型汇总:
①人+spend(s) +时间/金钱+ 1.(in)doing sth. 2. on sth.
②It + takes+人+时间+to do sth.
③人+pay(s)+金钱+ for sth.
④物+cost(s)+人+金钱
[译]她花了 10元钱买这本书。
She spent ten yuan on/buying the book.
She paid ten yuan for the book.
The book cost her ten yuan.
中考链接
I ______ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team.
A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay
解析:本题考查动词辨析。spend, cost, take和pay都可以表示“花费”。spend和pay用人作主语;cost用物作主语;take常用it作形式主语。本句的主语是I,故排除B、C两项; spend的常用搭配为:spend... on/(in) doing sth. ; pay常用于pay for结构中。由句中的playing可知本句考查“spend... (in) doing sth.”这一结构。故选A项。
答案:A
4. As well as the usual activities,such as sailing,climbing and mountain biking...
除了普通的活动,如帆船、攀登和骑山地自行车外……
as well as在此用作介词短语,意为“除了 ”,相当于besides或in addition to。
As well as visiting Beijing, we spent a day in Tianjin. 除了游览北京以外,我们还在天津度过了 一天。
拓展
as well as意为“并且,还”,用来连接并列成分。连接并列主语时,谓语动词与前一主语保持一致。
She is clever as well as beautiful.她既美丽又聪明。
They sell hooks as well as newspapers.他们既卖报纸也卖书。
He as well as his parents goes to Hong Kong every year.他和父母每年去香港。
5. She asked us to imagine that we were in a story. 她让我们想象我们身处故事之中。
(1)ask sb. to do sth. 表示“让某人做某事”。
Tom often asks me to go shopping with him. 汤姆经常让我和他一起去购物。
Please ask the boys not to play football here. 请让那些男孩子不要在此踢足球。
(2)imagine意为“想象,其后常跟名同、动名词。也可以接从句作宾语,但不能用在进行时中。
I can't imagine what he looks like. 我想象不出他长什么样。
I didn't imagine becoming a writer. 我并未想过要成为一名作家。
6. In senior high school David wrote a story about teenage life, and it came out as a book in 2003.
在高中时,大卫写了一个关于青少年生活的故事,并于2003年成书出版。
come out 出版
Her book won't come out until next year.她的书要到明年才能出版。
拓展
come out还有“开花,发芽,出现”之意。
The flowers came out yesterday. 那些花儿昨天开了。
The moon came out from the clouds. 月亮从云里出来了。
7. Many teenagers love his book, and as a result, David has become a successful young writer.
很多青少年都喜欢他的书,大卫也因此成为一名成功的年轻作家。
(1)as a result意为“结果,因此”。
She didn't study hard,and as a result,she failed the exam.
她没有努力学习,结果考试没有及格
辨析:as a result与so
as a result “结果,因此”,一般放在句首,后面加逗号。
So “因此”,既可放在句首,也可放在句中,两种情况so后面都不加逗号
The traffic was heavy. As a result, I was late. 交通很拥挤,结果我迟到了。
I got up late, so I missed the early bus.我起床晚了,所以错过了早班公共汽车。
(2)become的用法
用作连系动词,其后接名词或形容词。
He became a teacher at the age of 17. 他17岁就当了老师。
The weather became warmer. 天气变得暖和起来。
注意
become是终止性动词,它不能与表示一段时间的单词或短语连用;become也不可与不定式连用。
8. David has been very lucky because his hobby has brought him enjoyment and success, but he is also interested in many other things.
大卫一直很幸运,因为他的爱好给他带来了快乐和成功,但他对很多其他事情也感兴趣。
(1)这是一个含有because引导的原因状语从句的复合句。because表示“因为”,作连词,用于引导表示原因的状语从句。
Your parents will do everything for you because they love you.
你的父母愿意为你做一切事情,因为他们爱你。
(2)enjoyment n.快乐,享受
The guests drank the grape wine with enjoyment. 客人们愉快地品尝了葡萄酒。
[联想]
① enjoy v. 喜欢。后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
My father enjoys running. 我父亲喜欢跑步。
② enjoyable adj. 高兴的,令人愉快的。在句中作定语或表语。
(3)success n;成功,胜利
I wish you success with your studies. 祝你学业有成。
[联想]
1. successful adj.成功的 2. successfully adv.成功地 3. succeed v.成功
9. It's sometimes difficult to remember that we shouldn't spend all our time on our favourit hobby.
有时候,我们很难记住我们不该把所有的时间都用在最喜欢的爱好上。
(1)这是一个含有that引导的宾语从句的复合句。it是形式主语,动词不定式短语to remember...是真正的主语。这个句型结构为“It is+ adj. ( + for/of sb.)+to do sth.”意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……”。
(2)It is very easy to ride a bike. 骑自行车很容易。
It’s better to stay at home. 最好待在家里。
It s very important to learn English well.
= To learn English well is very important. 学好英语很重要。
(2)sometimes是频度副词,意为“有时”,表示动作发生的频率。
He sometimes comes to see me. 他有时来看我。
辨析:sometimes, some times, sometime与some time
① sometimes有时
② some times数次
③ sometime某时
④ some time 一段时间
I have been there some times. 我已经去过那里数次了。
We'll have a party sometime next month.下个月的某个时间我们要举行一次聚会。
He waited for you for some time. 他等了你一些时候了。
(3)句中remember后面跟的是一个由that引导的宾语从句,说明remember的内容。It is important to remember that if you do it, do it well.
重要的是要记住:做一件事,就要把它做好。
(4)句中should用作情态动词,指应该,表示说话人的建议或者意愿。
You should say sorry to me. 你应该向我道歉。
10. There are many other interesting things to do in life, and we should try to do somethingnew or different.
生活中有很多其他有趣的事情可做,我们应该尝试做些新的或不同的事情。
(1)try to do sth. 尽力做某事,试图做某事
The boy tried to draw a horse. 那个男孩尽力画了一匹马。
拓展
① try doing sth. 意为“尝试做某事”。
Why not try doing the experiment in another way?
为什么不试着用另一种方法做这个实验呢?
② try one's best to do sth.竭尽全力做某事
I must try my best to learn English well. 我必须竭尽全力学好英语。
(2)something new 意为“一些新的东西”,形容词修饰 something,anything,nothing, everything,somewhere,anywhere等复合不定代词或不定副词时,须放在这些词的后面。
Would you like something hot to drink? 你想喝点热东西吗?
中考链接
A foreign visitor is coming to visit our new house this evening. My mother will offer him ______ to eat.
A. anything delicious B. something real Chinese
C. something Japanese food D. delicious something
解析:本题考查不定代词的用法。形容词修饰不定代词需后置,故排除D项;anything用于疑问句或否定句中,故排除A项;选项C中Japanese food是名词短语,不修饰不定代词;故something real Chinese(正宗的中国菜)符合题意。
答案:B
第3单元
内容详解
I. John enjoys making things. 约翰喜欢制作东西。
enjoy v. 喜欢
(1)enjoy sth.喜欢某物
I enjoy that storybook. 我喜欢那本故事书。
(2)enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
They enjoy playing football. 他们喜欢踢足球。
(3)enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快,相当于have fun, have a good time。
My students enjoy themselves every day. 我的学生每天都过得很愉快。
注意
enjoy后跟非谓语动词时只能跟v.- ing形式,不能跟动词不定式。
2. Jane is good at singing as well as dancing. 简既撞长跳舞也撞长唱歌。
be good at意为“擅长……;精通……”,其同义词组为do well in。
She is good at skating. =She does well in skating.她擠长滑冰。
辨析:be good for,be good at与be good to
Be good for 意为“对……有益,对……有用”,后接表示人或事物的名词、代词或动名词。
Be good at 意为“擅长……,精通……”,后面也可接表示人或事物的名词、代词或动名词。
Be good to 意为“对……好”
Doing morning exercises is good for our health. 做早操对我们的健康有好处。
He is good at swimming. 他擅长游泳。
He is good to the old man. 他对那位老人很好。
3. I buy the magazines when they come out each month. 每月当杂志出版的时候我就买。
辨析: each与every
(1)every和each都可与单数可数名词连用,且意义相近,意为“每个的”,但every强调整体概念,each则表示个体概念。
Each day is better than the one before. 一天比一天好。
Every player was in the best state. 每个运动员都处于最佳状态。
(2)如果不特别强调某一意义时,every和each可以互换。
We want every child to succeed. 们希望每个孩子都成功。
Each child will find his own road to success. 每个孩子都会找到他自己的成功之路。
(3)each可以指两个或两个以上的人或物,every却不能指两个,只能指三个及三个以上的数量。
There are big trees on each side of the road. 在路的两边都有大树。
(4)另外,如有其他限定词同时修饰中心词时,each可作代词取代each of的形式,而every则只能作限定词,不与of连用。
Each(of)my parents gave me presents for Christmas. 过圣诞节时我父母都给我送了礼物。
4. ... to live in the way that people lived long ago .......体验古代生活。
本句含有一个that引导的定语从句。that引导的定语从句修饰the way, live in the way that...表示“以……的方式生活”。
She is trying to live in the way that her favourite star lives.
她试图以她般热爱的明星的生活方式生活。
We cannot live in the way that the ancient people did.
我们无法以古人的生活方式生活。
中考链接
The thing ______ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.
A. that B. who C. why D. whose
解析:先行词the thing是物,故可用that或which引导。
答案:A
5. Groups of people find out about the past. 成群的人聚在一起,搜寻过去的情况。
find out 查明(真相)
辨析:find out 与 find
Find out 意为“查明(真相〉,弄清(缘由)”,强调费时、经过周折调查到最后得到认证的一种结果。其后一般跟名词、代词或从句
Find 是及物动词,表示“找到,发现”之意,其后可跟名词、代词、复合结构或that从句。 与look for接近,但强调寻找的结果
Have you found out why he was late? 你弄清他为什么迟到了吗?
Have you found your book? 你找到你的书了吗?
6. They dress in the clothes people wore in the past and then...
他们穿上人们过去穿的衣服……
dress v.穿
dress后面不能直接跟表示“衣服”的词作宾语,dress的常见搭配有:get dressed in +颜色,dress sb. /oneself,dress up 等。
All the children got dressed in red that day.那天,所有的孩子都穿着红衣服。
The girl is too young to dress herself. 这个女孩太小了,不会自己穿衣服。
You needn't dress up, come as you are. 你不必刻意打扮,穿着平时的衣服来就行了。
辨析:dress, put on,wear 与(be)in
Dress 指穿衣的动作,后面可接宾语,也可不接宾语。如果接宾语,则宾语必须是人,不是衣服。
Put on 指穿衣的动作,宾语必须是服装
Wear 指穿衣的状态,也可指戴着(手套、手表、眼镜、戒指、首饰等),或是穿着(鞋、袜等),后面要接宾语,宾语通常是物
(be)in 穿着,指状态,宾语既可以是衣服、帽子,又可以是颜色
中考链接
Mary is used to______ a T-shirt and jeans.
A. wear B. put on C. wearing D. putting on
解析:本题考查近义词用法辨析。wear表示穿的状态;put on表示穿的动作。由句意“玛丽习惯于穿T恤衫和牛仔裤”可排除B、D两项;又因be used to doing sth. “习惯于做某事”为固定短语,故选C项。
答案:C
Module 2 Friendship
第1单元
内容详解
1. Is that Chen Huan speaking? 你是陈欢吗?
这是一句打电活的常用语。在不确定或询问对方是哪位吋,
正:Is that…(speaking) 回答时用:正:This is…(speaking)
误:Are you…? 误:I’m…
[联想]
常用打电话用语:
Who's that, please? 请问您是哪位?
May I speak to…please? 请问可以找……接电话吗?
2. Hold the line, please. 请不要挂机。
hold the line是打电话时的常用语,意为“等一下;别挂断”,相当于hold on或wait a momen. Hold the line. Mr Li is coming. 别挂断,李先生来了。
拓展
hold是动词,意为“拿,举,持;拥有;举办”。其过去式和过去分词均为held。
She's holding a book in her hand. 她手中拿着一本书。
We'll hold a sports meeting next week. 下周我们将举行运动会。
3. Do you know if Sally Maxwell has arrived? 你知道萨莉?麦克斯威尔到了没有?
(1)句中if是连词,意为“是否”,引导宾语从句,可用whether替换。
I don't know if they will visit your school. 我不知道他们是否会参观你们学校。
He asked if we were from England. 他问我们是否来自英格兰。
注意
If / whether引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序,且时态要与主句的时态一致。
[链接]
if作连词时,还有“如果”的意思,引导条件状语从句。
If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay at home and watch TV. 如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里看电视。
注意
在含有条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句是一般将来时,那么从句应用一般现在时表将来。
中考链接
I want to know ______ he will be the volunteer in the 2011 Universiade (世界大学生运动会)in Shenzhen.
A. where B. who C. if D. which
解析:本题考查宾语从句的引导词。由句意“我想知道他是否将在深圳2011年世界大学生运动会上做志愿者。”知选C。
答案:C
(2)arrive v. 到达,后面可以直接加副词,也可以加in(后接大地方)或at(后接小地方)。
We arrived home early.我们很早就到家了。
They arrived at the station at two o'clock and arrived in Beijing eight hours later.
他们两点钟到达车站,八小时后到达了北京。
辨析:arrive, reach与get
① arrive后直接加副词,或加介词再接名词。
② reach是及物动词,后面直接加名词或副词。
When I reached the station, the train had left. 当我到达车站时,火车早已离开了。
③ get较口语化,其后直接加副词或加to再接名词。
What time did they get there / to Beijing yesterday? 昨天他们几点到的那里/北京?
4. I asked your secretary whether she could come or not. 我问过你的秘书她是否能来。
whether... or not意为“是否”,whether引导宾语从句。
She wanted to know whether we were ready or not. 她想知道我们是否准备好了。
if和whether都可引导宾语从句,且多数情况下可互换使用,但以下情况只能使用whether而不能使用if:
(1)与or not直接连用
I wonder whether or not the room is big enough. 我想知道这个房间是否足够大。
(2)在不定式前
We don't know whether to leave right now. 我们不知道是否马上离开。
(3)作介词的宾语
Mary worried about whether she could pass the test. 玛丽担心她能否考试过关。
(4)作discuss或decide等动词的宾语
They are discussing whether they should help the animals.
他们正在讨论他们是否应帮助那些动物。
5. Yes, our last public concert will be here on Starsearch in a couple of months.
是的,我们最后一场公众音乐会几个月以后将在这里《明星大搜寻》节目中上演。
这是一个含有will的一般将来时态的简单句。a couple of含义为“一对,一双”,此处则表示“一些,几个”。
I'll just have a couple of oranges. 我就吃几个橘子吧。
辨析:a pair of 与 a couple of
a pair of 表示成对的东西,可以是鞋、袜子、裤子、剪子等
a couple of 表示任何两件同类的东西,但不一定是成对使用的
I bought a pair of cotton gloves yesterday. 昨天我买了一副棉手套。
I found a couple of socks in my bedroom but they didn’t make a pair.
我在我的卧室里找到了两只袜子,但配不成对。
6. ... but I have some close friends here. ……但是我在这里有一些很好的朋友。
close在此用作形容词,意为“亲近的;亲密的”。
Mike is my close friend. 迈克是我的亲密朋友。读音为/klaus/。
注意
close作动词时,意为“关闭”,读音为/klauz/。
When do the shops close in the afternoon? 这些商店下午什么时候停止营业?
7. I know that foreigners find China very different from their own countries.
我知道外国人都发现中国与他们自己的国家很不一样。
(1)(be)different from 不同于……
My bike is different from yours. 我的自行车与你的不同。
Living in the country is different from living in the city. 住在乡下和住在城市不同。
(2)own的用法:
1. adj, 自己的
I saw it with my own eyes. 这是我亲眼所见的。
2. pron.自己
May I have it for my own? 我可以把它当成我自己的吗?
3. 拥有
He owns the house.他拥有这座房子。
8. What does it feel like? (你)感觉如何?
feel like在此意为“觉得”,feel是连系动词,like是介词。
I feel like a fool at that time. 那时我觉得自己像一个傻瓜。
拓展
(1)feel like感觉起来像;摸起来像
The warm weather feels like spring. 这暖和的天气感觉就像春天。
(2)feel like doing sth. 希望 / 想做某事
We feel like walking after supper. 晚饭后我们想去散步。
9. My visit here is all about making friends. 我来这里就是交朋友的。
make friends意为“交朋友’。表示“与某人交朋友”用make friends with sb。注意,其中的friend必须用复数形式friends。
It’s easy to make friends at school. 在学校里交朋友容易。
I want to make friends with American boys. 我想同美国男孩交朋友。
10. By the way, why don't you bring all your friends for a visit to Radio Beijing?
顺便问一下,为什么不把你们的朋友都带到北京电台来做客呢?
(1)by the way意为“顺便说;顺便问”,常用于口语中作插入语,以引起新的话题或内容。
By the way, is there a bank nearby? 顺便问一下,附近有银行吗?
(2)“Why don't you…?”“是一个否定的特殊疑问句,用于提出建议,这个句子也可以用“Why not +动词原形?”来表达同样的意思。
Why don't you talk about names? =Why not talk about names? 你为什么不谈论一下名字呢? 拓展
What / How about…?也表示建议,可与上述句型进行转换。不过后面若跟动词,必须用v. -ing形式。
Why don't you go to ask the teacher? = What about going to ask the tcacher?
你为什么不去问老师呢?
中考链接
“For your coming vacation,why ______ coming to Guiyang?”“Good idea!”
A. not consider B. don't consider C. to consider
解析:Why not + 动词原形?= Why don’t+主语+动词原形?意为“为什么不……呢?”,用来提建议。
答案:A
第2单元
内容详解
1.When Iwas 13 years old,a boy gave me an important gift.
在我13岁的时候,一个男孩儿给了我一份十分重要的礼物。
gift n.礼物
辨析: girt与present
Girt是稍正式的说法,指特别郑重其事地赠送给个人、团体或组织的礼物.除可表示实物外,还可表示金钱。
Present 是一般性用语,不如gift庄重,指赠送给朋友或他人价值不高的小礼品,只能指实物,不可指金钱。
The gift that he gave me was a sweet smile. 他送给我的礼物是一个甜甜的微笑。
I got a present from one of my old classmates yesterday.
昨天,我的一个老同学送给了我一份礼物。
2. I was very lonely, and afraid to make friends with anyone.
我感到很孤独,不敢与任何人交朋友。
(1)lonely adj. 孤独的
辨析:lonely与alone
Lonely 形容词,意为“孤独的,寂寞的”,具有感情色彩,强调心灵上的寂寞与孤独,只能作表语;作定语修饰地点名词时,意为“偏僻的,荒凉的”
Alone 用作形容词,意为“单独的,独自的”,只能作表语;也可用作副词,意为“独自地”
一言辨异
I didn't feel lonely though I was alone. 我虽孤身一人,但并不感到寂寞。
(2)he afraid to do... 表示“害怕做……”,特指“因害怕而不敢做某事”。
I'm afraid to go skating alone. 我不敢独自一人去滑冰。
Jane is afraid to go out after dark. 简不敢在天黑后出门。
(3)be afraid that…恐怕……(这种说法比较委婉)
I m afraid that I can’t go with you tomorrow.
恐怕我明天不能和你一起去了。
辨析:be afraid to do sth. 与 be afraid of doing sth.
be afraid to do sth. 意为“不敢做某事”
be afraid of doing sth. 意为“担心(害怕)”出现某种后果而不敢做某事
一言辩异
Mr Black was afraid to climb the tree,for he was afraid of falling down from it. 布莱克先生不敢爬树,因为他怕从树上掉下来。
Every time Iheard the other students talking and laughing, I felt my heart break.
每次当我听到其他同学又说又笑时,我就感到我的心都碎了。
这是一个含有every time引导的时间状语从句的复合句。
(1)every time在本句中引导一个时间状语从句,意思是“每次……”。every time也可换成 each time。
Every / Each time I go to see him,he is always learning English. 我每次去看他,他总在学英语。
(2)hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事
I heard him singing. 我听见他正在唱歌。
辨析:hear sb. do sth.与hear sb. doing sth.
1. hear sb. do sth.听见某人做某事,强调整个事件、行为的全过程。
2. hear sb. doing sth.强调动作正在进行。
(3)feel sb. /sth. do sth. 表示“感觉到某人做过某事(某事发生过)”。
I felt a worm climb up my leg. 我感到有虫子在我腿上爬。
4. ….and 1 didn't want my parents to worry about me.......我不想让父母为我担心。
worry about 意为“担心”。
They all worried about the bad weather. 他们都为坏天气而担心。
拓展
be worried about意为“为……担心”,worried是形容词,意为“担忧的,焦虑的”。
The woman seems worried about something. 那位妇女好像在担心什么事情。
5. He passed me and then turned back. 他从我旁边走过,然后转过身来。
Pass v. 通过,经过
He passed me by and didn't notice me. 他从我身边经过,没有注意到我。
拓展
pass还可意为“传递”。常用句型:pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. “传递给某人某物”。
Please pass the pen to me. = Please pass me the pen.请把钢笔递给我。
6. Suddenly,I felt the touch of something bright and friendly.
突然,我感到一种明朗而又友好的东西在触动我。
touch在句中作名词,意为“触摸,碰”。
The sudden touch of my hand on his shoulder made him cry.
我的手突然触及他的肩膀使他叫喊起来。
拓展
touch也可用作动词,意为“触摸,碰”。
Don't touch the screen. 不要触摸屏幕。
7. It made me feel happy. lively and warm. 它让我感到幸福、有活力而且温暖。
feel是连系动词,后跟形容词作表语。
1 felt lonely living in a house on the mountain myself.
一个人住在山上的房子里时,我感到孤独。
He felt very sad when he heard about the car accident.
当他听说发生了车祸时,他感到非常伤心。
Can you imagine how happy we felt when we knew you would come?
你们能想象当我们获悉你们要来时的欣喜之情吗?
中考链接
This silk dress ______ so smooth. It's made in China.
A. feels B. smells C. sounds D. tastes
解析:本题考查连系动词辨析。feel“摸起来”;smell"闻起来”;sound“听起来”;taste“尝起来”。由句意“这条丝裙摸起来很光滑。它是中国产的”知选A项。
答案:A
8. …but he couldn't remember smiling at me!...但他却不记得对我笑过!
辨析:remember doing sth.与 remember to do sth.
remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(事情还未做)
I remember closing all the windows. 我记得关上了所有的窗户。
Remember to post the letter .记着把这封信寄出去。
[联想]
remember的反义词forget也有此用法。
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
9. Now 1 believe that the world is what you think it is.
现在我相信世界就是你认为的那个样子。
(1)本句是含有that引导的宾语从句的复合句。That the world is what you think it is 是一个宾语从句,作动词believe的宾语。在宾语从句中要用陈述语序,而what you think it is是一个表语从句,意思是“你想象的那个样子”。
(2)believe v;认为;相信
I believe that he is right. 我认为他是对的。
I don't believe a word he says. 他说的话我一句也不信。
注意
I / We believe后接表示否定意义的宾语从句时,须将否定前移。
I don't believe that he can come. 我认为他不能来。
第3单元
内容详解
I. Do you know if Sally Maxwell is here yet? 你知道萨莉·麦克斯威尔是否在这儿了吗?
这是一个含有if引导的宾语从句的复合句。yet为副词,用在疑问句和否定句中,可置于句首、句中或句末。yet用在疑问句中,意为“到目前(或到当时)为止,至今,巳经”;用于否定句中,表示不熟悉或不确定,通常位于句末或紧跟在not后面,意为“尚未,未曾”。
The sun has not risen yet. 太阳还没有升起。
Have you finished your homework? 你完成作业了吗?
— Not yet. 还没有。
yet表示“已经”时用于疑问句中,肯定句中要用already;在否定句中表示“还(没有)”只能用yet,不能用already或still; yet用于肯定句中与比较级连用,用来加强语气,意为 “还,仍然,依然”。
You must work yet harder. 你必须更加努力工作。
2. My classmates and I would like to interview some students. 我和我的同学想采访一些学生。
would like 想,想要
在英语口语中,would like是一个经常用的结构,它表示“想,想要”,用来农示主语的意愿。
(1)would like后可跟名词、代词,would like没有人称和数的变化。
I’d like some noodles. My younger brother would like some rice.
我想要些面条。我弟弟想要些米饭。
(2)would like后跟动词时,应在该动词前加上to,构成动词不定式。
We would like to order some chicken and cabbage.我们想要点一些鸡肉和卷心菜。
注意
would like后要加to do sth.
(3)would like—般表示主语当时的意愿,如果要表示主语一贯的兴趣或喜好则应用like。
Jack likes swimming. But now he'd like to play tennis.
杰克喜欢游泳,但现在他想去打网球。
(4)在would like结构中,would是一个情态动词,故它的疑问和否定形式都需变化 would,即将would移到主语前构成疑问句式,在would后加上not构成否定。
Would you like to drink a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗?
① 由would like所构成的一般疑问句往往表示征求对方的意见,在句中表示“一些”时应用some(thing),不可用 any(thing)。
Would you like some bread for supper? 你晚餐想吃些面包吗?
Would you like something to drink? What about some orange juice?
你想来点儿喝的吗?来点儿橘子汁怎么样?
② 对Would you like...? 疑问句的回答方式:like后为名词或代词时一般用Yes,please. /No,thanks.等回答;like后如果是动词不定式表示想要去则用Yes,I’d like/love to.来回答,to代替问句中的动词不定式,不可省略;如果不想,则先说 “I’d love to. ”,再用but加不去的理由。
— Would you like carrot and beef noodles? 你想要胡萝卜牛肉面吗?
— Yes, please. / No, thanks. 好的,请给我来点。/ 不,谢谢。
—Would you like to go with us? 你想和我们一起去吗?
— I’d love to. But 1 have to wash my clothes. 我想去,但我得洗衣服
中考链接
一Would you like to play basketball with us this afternoon?
— ______.Ihave to study for tomorrow's test.
A. I'd love to B. I'm afraid not C. Sounds good D. No problem
解析:本题考查情景交际。问句句意为“今天下午你愿意和我们一起打篮球吗?”由答语后句“我必须准备明天的考试”可知此处为否定回答。故B项“恐怕不能”为正确答语。
答案:B
3. I was a bit lonely at first, but people here are friendly, so I am never alone any more!
起先我有点儿孤独,但是这儿的人很友好,所以我就不再孤单了!
这是一个由but连接的并列句,其中后面的并列句中又含有一个由so引导的结果状语从句。
(1)at first意为“首先,开始”,该短语多用于句首或句末,表达初始的时间。First在此短语中为副词,故前面不用the修饰。
辨析:at first与first
at first “开始,开头”之意,暗示与后来的事情或动作不同。与at the beginning同义
first 一般表示按顺序的开始,相当于first of all(首先)或for the first time(初次)
At first, I couldn't work out the problem. 起初,我没能解出那道题。
First we had breakfast, then we walked to school. 我们先吃了早饭,然后步行去学校
(2)never是频度副词,意为“从来没有,绝不”,表示频率为零。never—般位于实义动词之前,连系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。
He never eats junk food. 他从来不吃垃圾食品。
John is never late for school. 约翰上学从来不迟到。
中考链接
I can ______ be a nurse. I'm not a very patient person.
A. seldom B. ever C. never D. always
解析:本题考查副词的用法。seldom很少;ever曾经;never从来不;always —直,总是。 题意“我绝对当不了护士,我不是一个非常有耐心的人”知选C。
答案:C
4. Some people write to find out about life in another country...
一些人写信来了解其他国家的生活情况……
find out表示“查明,弄清”,指经过调査分析而得出结论。
I found out she did not tell the truth. 我发现她没说实话。
Please find out where she lives.请查明她住在什么地方。
注意
find out指主观有意识的动作,多指查出抽象的事因、复杂的真相等;而find多指偶然发现、碰到。
图解助记
Find 找到(表结果)
Find out 查明(表结果)
Look for (表动作)
Module 3 On the radio
第1单元
内容详解
1. Remember to look out for the red light! 记得要注意红色信号灯!
look out(for)意思是“当心,注意”,相当于 pay attention to。
Look out! There is a car coming. 当心!一辆小汽车开过来了。
Look out for spelling mistakes when you check your homework. 检查作业时要注意拼写错误。
温馨提示
look out还可表示“向外看”。
She stopped writing and looked out of the window. 她停止了写作,然后向窗外看了看。
[图解助记]各种“小心”
Look out!
Watch out!
Watch out!
Be careful!
“都是小心!”的意思
2. Don't mention it. 不用客气。
用以答复别人道谢或客气时的用语。
— Thank you for your kind help when I was ill. 感谢你在我生病时的热心帮助。
— Don't mention it. 不用客气。
温馨提示
用以回答“Thank you. / Thanks. ”的句子还有:Not at all. /You're welcome. /That's all right. /It's my pleasure.
拓展
mention动词,意为“提及”,后接名词、代词或动名词以及从句作宾语。常用结构有:mention sb. sth.或 mention sth. to sb.意为“向某人提及某事”,not to mention 更不用说。
3. I enjoy showing visitors around. 我喜欢领着参观者到处转一转。
(1)enjoy doing sth. 意为“喜欢做某事,享受做某事”。常见的后接动词-ing形式的单词或词组还有:mind, finish,practise, avoid, suggest, can,t help, feel like, be worth
(2)show sb. around 领某人参观
I’d like to take / show you around our city. 我很乐意带你参观我们的城市。
This is our new office—Wang Lin will show you around.
这是我们的新办公室——王琳会带你参观一下。
[联想]
take sb. around与show sb. around意思相同,表示“带领某人参观”。
His parents took him around Europe.他的父母带他游遍欧洲。
4. We collect the latest news and write the reports here. 我们在这里收集最新消息并撰写报道。
report有名词和动词两种词性,在本句中它用作名词。report用作名词时,意为“报告;报道”,还可与介词of或on连用;用作动词时,意为“报告;报道;记叙”。
Are these newspaper reports true? 报纸上这些报道属实吗?
Who reported the news? 谁报道的新闻?
拓展
reporter是名词,意为“记者;通讯员”。
His elder sister is a famous reporter. 他姐姐是位有名的记者。
5. On Radio Beijing everyone needs to speak English well.
在北京电台,每个人都要讲一口流利的英语。
need to do sth. 需要做某事
I don't think you need to worry. 我认为你不必发愁。
拓展
need doing sth.需要做某事,常用主动形式表示被动的含义。in need处于困难中
The TV needs mending again. = The TV needs to be mended again.
这台电视机需要再修理一下。
We should help the people in need. 我们应当帮助处于困难中的人们
6. So keep studying, and maybe one day you can join us.
所以坚持学习,也许有一天你能加入到我们的行列中来。
keep的用法
(1)keep doing sth. 意为“一直做某事”,表示不间断地持续做某事。
You shouldn't keep thinking about it. 你不该老想着这件事。
Keep passing the ball to each other, and you'll be OK. 坚持互相传球,你们就行。
(2)keep on doing sth. 意为“反复做某事”。
The student kept on asking me the same question. 那个学生反复问我同一个问题。
(3)keep…from doing sth. 意为“阻止/防止……做某事”。
In order to keep the children from swimming in the sea,he keeps them staying at home all day.
为了不让孩子们去海里游泳,他让他们整天待在家里。
7. And this is where we prepare the weather reports. 这里是我们准备天气预报的地方。
prepare既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,意为“准备,把……准备好”;用作不及物动词时,其后常接for sth.或to do sth..表示目的。
Mother is preparing dinner. 母亲正在做饭。
They are preparing for the coming exam. 他们在为即将举行的考试做准备。
[联想]
get ready for sth.与prepare for sth. 意思相同,表示“为某事做准备”,强调动作。
be ready for sth.与be prepared for sth.意思相同,表示“准备好某事”,强调状态。
8. We won the match!我们赢了比赛!
辨析:win与beat
Win用法较广泛,指在比赛、战斗等中获胜,也可指在比赛等中获得奖品。其宾语一般是比赛或奖品、奖金
We won more than 60 gold medals. 我们获得了60多枚金牌。
Beat表示“赢,打败”,指在比赛或竞争中战胜某人。其宾语一般是竞争对手
She beat me at chess. 她下国际象棋蠃了我。
可简单记作“打败(beat)对手,赢得(win)比赛”。
9. I hate losing! 我讨厌输球!
hate作动词时,它的含义和用法有许多:
(1)hate+名词,意为“憎恨,不喜欢”。
The little girl hates snakes.这个小女孩不喜欢蛇。
(2)hate +to do sth. / doing sth. 意为“不愿意做某事”。
Why do you hate travelling by air? 你为什么不愿意乘飞机旅行?
(3)hate+宾语从句
She hates what I hate. 我不喜欢的,她也不喜欢。
第2单元
内容详解
1. “How old are you? ”the radio studio manager at WXBN looked down at me.
“你多大了?"WXBN电台播音室的经理低下头看着我问。
look down意为“向下看”,其反义词组为look up,意为“抬头看,向上看”。
The girl was very shy. She looked down at her feet.
那个女孩很害羞,她低下头看着自己的脚。
拓展
look短语集结号:
look at 看
look after 照顾
look forward to 期待
look around 环顾,向四周看
look through浏览
look down upon轻视,瞧不起
look up查阅(单词)
2. “Shouldn't you be at school? ”he asked.“难道你不应该上学吗?”他问。
这个问句是一般疑问句的否定形式。它常常用来表示惊奇、责难、建议、看法等,意为“难道不……吗?”
Don't you know the twins’names? 难道你不知道这对双胞胎的名字吗?
温馨提示
对此问句进行回答时,要注意与汉语习惯的不同。答语中用yes还是no,应该以答语的内容是肯定还是否定为准。也就是说,答语的内容是肯定的就用yes;答语的内容是否定的就用no。
—— Doesn't he want to go? 难道他不想去吗?
Yes, he does. 不,他想去。
—— Can't you get up a little earlier? 难道你不能起得早一点吗?
—— No, I can t. I went to bed too late last night. 是的,我不能。昨晚我睡得太晚了。
3. How could I explain 我怎么解释呢?
Explain v. 解释
(1)explain+从句
He explained why he didn't come yesterday. 他解释昨天为什么没有来。
(2)explain+疑问词+动词不定式
Can you explain to us how to use the car? 你能向我们解释怎样使用这辆车吗?
(3)explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某事
The teacher explained the problem to the class. 老师向学生们解释了这个问题。
4. When I was about four or five years old,I remember sitting close to the radio in the living room, listening to my favourite programmes, and to the voices of my favourite presenters.
我记得自己在四五岁时,紧靠在客厅的收音机旁坐着,听我最喜欢的节目和最喜欢的主持人的声音。
listening to my favourite programmes
这个词组在句子中表示伴随情况,我们称其为伴随状语。
They came running all the way. 他们是一路跑着来的。
We stayed at home all day watching TV. 我们一整天待在家里看电视。
5. It seemed that they were speaking to me in person. 感觉好像他们在亲自和我说话。
(1)Seem作连系动词,意为“看起来,似乎”。
It seems that they know what they're doing. 看来,他们知道自己在做什么。
拓展
seem作连系动词,主要结构有:
1. seem + to do / be 似乎,好像……
The baby seems to be asleep. 那个婴儿似乎睡着了。
2. seem + adj / n.看上去好像……
She seems quite shy. 她看上去很害羞
3. It seems / seemed that…似乎 / 好像……
It seems that no one knows what happened. 似乎没人知道发生了什么事。
温馨提示
seem的否定形式有两种:do not seem或seem not,意为“似乎不,好像不”。
Tony doesn't seem to be in the library. = Tony seems not to be in the library.
托尼好像不在图书馆。
(2)in person 意为“亲自"。
I came to the post office to pick up the letter in person. 我亲自去邮局领取信件。
6. At the age of nine, I asked for jobs in small radio stations.
9岁的时候,我去小电台求过职。
(1)at the age of... 意为“在……岁时”。
She went to the city at the age of 18. 她18岁时去了那个城市。
拓展
短语at the age of可以用when引导的时间状语从句改写。
I became a teacher at the age of 23. = I became a teacher when I was 23.
我在23岁时成为了一名教师。
(2)ask for意为“请求;要”。
ask for后接某人时,意思是“找某人,要求见某人”;后接某物时,意为“要某物”。而ask sb. for sth.则表示“向某人要某物,请求某人给予某物”。
Someone is asking for you at the door. 门口有人找你。
He's coming here to ask for some bread. 他来这里要些面包。
She asks him for his address. 她向他要他的地址。
7. As I grew older, my interest in radio grew. 随着年龄的增长,我对广播的兴趣与日俱增。
(1)本句中as引导了一个时间状语从句,主句为my interest in radio grew。从句和主句的谓语均为grew,但用法不同:第一个是连系动词,意为“变得”,后接形容词的比较级older;第二个是不及物动词,意为“增长”。
His face grew pale. 他的脸色变得苍白。
The population is growing very fast. 人口正快速增长。
(2)as此处为连词,“随着……”,表述两个发展变化中的情况。
As he talked on,he got more and more excited. 他越讲越激动。
As you grow older. you'll know better and better about yourself.
随着年龄的增长,你就会越来越了解你自己。
8. One day I learnt about Internet radio. 有一天我听说了网络电台。
词组learn about / of意为“听说……的事情,了解”。
I'm very sorry to learn about your illness. 听说你病了,我十分难过。
拓展
(1)learn from…向……学习
We must learn from each other and help each other. 我们必须互相学习并互相帮助。
(2)learn by oneself 自学
He is learning English by himself. 他正在自学英语。
(3)learn by heart 记住
Our teacher asks us to learn the new words by heart. 老师要我们把生词记住。
9. I sat down in the studio, in front of a microphone. 我坐在演播室的麦克风前。
in front of... 意为“在……的前面”,强调在某物的范围之外,相当于before。
There is a tree and some flowers in front of the house.
房前有一棵树和一些花。(它们不在房子的内部)
in the front of... 意为“在……(里面)的前面”,表示在某物的范围之内。
He's sitting in the front of the car. 他坐在小汽车的前面。(他在小汽车里)
10. He was in another room, behind the glass wall. 他在玻璃墙后的另一个房间里。
句中glass为名词,意为“玻璃”。glass当“玻璃”讲时是不可数名词,当“玻璃杯”讲时是可数名词。
The window is made of three pieces of glass. 窗户是由3块玻璃制成的。
I'd like three glasses of water. 我想要3杯水。
These glasses are all made of glass. 这些杯子都是用玻璃做的。
[图解助记] glass的一词多义
a pair of glassy一副眼镜
aglass of orange一杯橙汁
two glasses [可数名词]两个玻璃杯
glass [不可数名词] 玻璃
11. All radio presenters begin work with the same question. 所有广播主持人的工作都是从回答这个问题开始的。
Begin / start…with…意为“以……开始……”。
Miss Wang usually begins her class with some interesting questions.
王老师通常以几个有趣的问题开始她的课。
Let's start the concert with this song. 我们以这首歌来幵始音乐会吧。
12. And this was how my first real job in radio began.
这就是我如何开始真正从事播音工作的故事。
how引导的句子在连系动词was之后,作表语,我们称之为表语从句。使用表语从句时应注意两个方面的问题:一是表语从句的时态要与主句保持一致;二是从句要用陈述语序。
That's why she was late. 那就是她迟到的原因。
It was where they lived 10 years ago. 那就是他们10年前居住过的地方。
第3单元
内容详解
1. continue 继续
continue doing sth.意思是“继续做 / 不停地做某事”,指持续、不间断地从事某项工作。相当于 go on doing / with sth.。
She wanted to continue working after she was married. 她想结婚后继续工作。
注意
continue to do sth. 意思等同于 continue doing sth,二者可以通用。
2. Tony hates seeing / to see his team lose. 托尼讨厌看到他的队失败。
see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做某事”。
I often see them play in the park. 我常看见他们在公园里玩。
辨析:see sb. do sth.与see sb. doing sth.
see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事(看见了动作的整个过程),或经常看见某人做某事
see sb. do sth. 看见某人正在做某事(没看见动作的整个过程,表示看见时动作正在进行)
He saw two men enter the bar. 他看见两个人走进酒吧。
He saw a dog running in the garden. 他看见一条狗正在花园里跑。
中考链接
When I was walking past the window, I saw Wang Fei ______ my homework. I really got annoyed.
A. copying B. copy C. copies D. copied
解析:see sb. do sth. “看见某人做了某事”(看见动作的全过程);see sb. doing sth“看见某人正在做某事”(看见动作正在进行)。由从句“当我正经过窗户的时候”可知看见动作正在进行,故用see sb. doing sth。
答案:A
3. Please tell me how long the Great Wall is. 请告诉我长城有多长。
这是一个双宾语结构,直接宾语为宾语从句:此句中how long意为“多长”,可就长度进行提问,从句要用陈述语序。
How long is our classroom? 我们的教室有多长?
拓展
how long 也可对时间进行提问,意为“多久;多长时间”,询问动作持续的时间,谓语动词应用延续性动词,如work, live, study, play等,可与多种时态连用,常对for+一段时间”提问。
— How long did they work here?他 们在这儿工作多长时间了?
— For about one year.大约一年了。
中考链接
— ______ do you watch TV every week?
— Less than two hours. I often have much homework to do.
A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How often
解析:本题考查特殊疑问词组的辨析:how many“多少”,询问可数名词的数量;how much“多少”,询问不可数名词的数量:how long“多长时间”;how often“多久一次”,询问频率。由答语“Less than two hours. ”(不到两小时。)”知问句询问时间的长短,故用how long。
答案:C
4. OK. that s the end of the tour. 好,我们的参观到此结束。
the end of... 意为“……末”,是名词短语,其反义词组是the beginning of…,表示“……的开头”。
The beginning of the story is boring,but the end of it is very funny.
故事的开头很无聊,但是其结尾很有趣。
拓展
(1)at the end of…意思是“在……结尾”“在……的尽头”,是介词短语,其反义词组是 at the beginning of…,表示“在……开始”。
I left my home at the beginning of the year, and returned at the end of the year.
我年初离开家,年终才回来。
There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的尽头有一家商店。
(2)in the end意思是“最后,终于”,相当于at last, finally, 是副词短语,其后不可接介词of。
In the end, he succeeded.最后他成功了
5. He then realised how much a radio would help African people learn about health and health care.然后,他意识到收音机对于帮助非洲的人们了解健康和保健有多么重要。
这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。
health为名词,意为“健康”。
Smoking does harm to health.吸烟有害健康。
拓展
healthy为形容词,意为“健康的”,其反义词为unhealthy “不健康的”。
The children look very healthy. 孩子们看起来很健康。
6. Even in tiny villages which had no electricity,or forms of communication, people began tolisten to the radio, not only for entertainment, but to educate themselves, too.
甚至在没有电或任何通讯形式的小村庄,人们也开始收听广播,不仅仅为了娱乐,而且也为了他们的自我教育。
not only…but(also)…不但……而旦……,它连接并列的句子或句子成分。
Beijing has not only a lot of old buildings but also many new buildings.
北京不仅有许多古建筑,而且还有很多新楼房。
This girl is not only pretty but also clever. 这个女孩不仅漂亮而且聪明。
温馨提示
(1)当连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 Not only he but also I am a teacher. 不仅他,而且我也是个老师。
(2)由not only…but also…引导的句子可用as well as来转换。但两个句子的语意侧重不同:as well as侧重前者,而not only. . . but also...侧重后者。
She is not only beautiful but also kind.
= She is kind as well as beautiful. 她不但漂亮,而且为人很好。
Module 4 New technology
第1单元
内容详解
1. Chen Huan wants a recording for his programme, and he lent me his CD recorder.
陈欢想为他的节目配一段录音,所以他把他的CD录音机借给了我。
lend意为“借(给)”。
lend表示把某物借给某人,其过去式和过去分词均为lent,其反义词是borrow。常与to连用,lend…to…意为“把……借给……”。
Don't worry. I will lend you 100 yuan. 不用担心,我将借给你100元。
= Don't worry. I will lend 100 yuan to you.
[助记]
“借”有巧法
“借”看执行者,“借出”用lend,“借入”用borrow。
如果用keep,表示“借多久”。假如看不完,“续借”用renew。
She often lends her pen to me. 她经常把她的钢笔借给我。
I often borrow books from him. 我常向他借书。
You can keep the book for two weeks. 你可以借这本书两周。
You must come and renew it if you can't finish the book in time.
如果你不能及时看完这本书,必须来续借。
借出书 lend the book 借入书 borrow the book
借书一周 keep the book for a week 归还书 return the book
注意
borrow和lend均为非延续性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。keep是延续性动词,可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
[搭配]
Borrow…from... 从……借…… lend…to... 将……借给……
Keep…for…借……多长时间
2. If you want to turn on the recorder, press the blue button.
如果你想打开录音机,按蓝色按钮。
turn on打开(电器等)
Please turn on the lights. 请打开灯。
Do you know how to turn on the camera? 你知道怎么打开照相机吗?
拓展
turn off关闭 turn up(把音量等)调高 turn down(把音量等)调低
注意
turn on和turn off 都是“动词+副词”型动词短语,宾语是名词时,可放在词组之后或副词之前;宾语是代词时,要放在副词的前面。
The lights all went off. Could you help me turn them on? 灯都关了。你能帮我把它们打开吗?
中考链接
I can hardly hear what it is saying on TV. Would you please ______ ?
A. turn it up B. turn it down C. turn it on D. turn it off
解析: turn up(把音量)调高;turn down调低;turn on打开;turn off关闭。由句意“我几乎听不到电视上在说些什么”可知应问“请你把音量调高好吗?”。
答案:A
3. If you want to play back, press the green button. 如果你想回放,按绿色按钮。
(1)play back表示“回放,重放(录音或录像等〉”。
Play the last section back to me, please. 请把最后一节再给我放一次。
(2)press v.按
You must press this button to start the radio.你必须按这个按钮才能打开这台收音机。
Press this button to start the engine. 按这个按钮开动引擎。
4. If the red light doesn't come on, wait for thirty seconds. 如果红灯没亮,等待30秒。
(1)come on在这里表示“打开,开动”,它还可以用于祈使句,表示“鼓励、劝说、催促”等。
A dog started barking, and lights came on in the house. 一条狗叫了起来,屋子里的灯亮了。
Come on! We'll be late for class. 快一点儿!我们上课要迟到了。
注意
尽管turn on也有“打开”之意,但其主语一般是“人”;而come on的主语一般是“灯”等电器。
(2)Second 在本句中意为“秒”,它还可为序数词,意为“第二”。
There are 60 seconds in a minute. 一分钟有60秒。
He is the second to cross the finishing line. 他是第二个穿过终点线的。
[图解助记] second的一词多义
There are ten seconds for the second. 第二名(与第一名)相差 10 秒。
5. If you want to send your recording by email, connect the recorder to your computer.
如果要把录音通过电子邮件发给别人,将录音机和电脑连接起来。
(1)send vt. 送,寄,发送,派遣,打发
send的用法很灵活,词义也较多,现总结如下:
① 送,派;递;使前往
She sent me a nice pencil. 她送给了我一支好铅笔。
She sent for the doctor. 她派人去请医生了。
② 使……陷入;使处于(某种状态)
This noise will send me mad. 这吵闹声会使我发疯。
③ 发信,寄信;传令
If any letters come. Can I send them on? 如果有信来,我是否可以把它们转寄出去?
④(天然事物)发出,长出,生出
The trees send out many new branches. 树长出很多新枝:
send后接双宾语即send sb. sth. 可转换成send sth. to sb.
They sent me some postcards. = They sent some postcards to me. 他们给我寄了一些明信片。 (2)connect 的用法
connect在句中表示“连接;接通”,后面可以接介词to或with,构成connect with / to. . .。
Could you connect the mobile phone to the computer? 你能将手机与电脑连接起来吗?
拓展
connect后接副词up,表示“接通,连接在一起”;后接介词with, 表示“与……连接, 使……有联系,用电话和……联系”等。
The scientists connected the wires up. 科学家把这些电线连接起来。
Please connect me with Beijing University. 请给我接北京大学。
6. If you want to choose another programme, press this button.
如果你想选择另一个节目,按这个按钮。
another在此用作形容词,意为“再一;又一;别的”,常用来修饰单数名词,也可接数词再 接复数名词。
Would you like to have another cup of tea? 你想再喝杯茶吗?
another+数词+可数名词复数=数词+ more+可数名词复数
We need another ten boys to help us. = We need ten more boys to help us.
我们还需要10个男孩来帮忙。
温馨提示
another指三者或三者以上范围中的另一个。若指两者中的另一个,则用the other;表达不定范围的“另一些”时,用others;表达一定范围的“其余的”时,用the others.
拓展
another也可用作代词,意为“另一个”。
I don't like this pen. Show me another.我不喜欢这支钢笔,给我再拿一支。
第2单元
内容详解
1.If a snake bites you, take a photo with your mobile phone.
万一被蛇咬到,用你的手机拍下蛇的照片!
(1)bite v. 咬,其过去式和过去分词分别为:bit,bitten / bit。
bite后面可直接跟宾语。若表示“咬某人的某个部位”,则用“bite sb. +in / on + the +身体的某部位”这一结构。介词on后常接较硬而突出的身体部位,如head, back, nose, chest,shoulder等;in后常接较软而凹的部位如face, eye,stomach等。
The dog bit the thief in the leg. 那条狗咬了小偷的腿。
Once bitten / bit, twice shy. (谚)一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。
拓展
bite at向……咬去 bite off 咬掉
(2)take a photo意为“拍照,照相”,强调动作。常用在以下结构中:
1. take a photo + of... 拍……的照片
2. take a photo + with... 用……拍照
3. take a photo + for... 给……拍照
Why not take a photo of the panda? 为什么不照这只熊猫呢?
Can you take a photo for me with this camera? 你能用这台相机为我照张相吗?
(3)with your mobile phone 用你的手机
介词wilh在此意为“用,以(工具或手段)”。
The little boy is writing with a pencil. 这个小男孩儿正在用一支铅笔写字。
I see with my eyes and smell with my nose. 我用眼睛看,用鼻子闻。
辨析:with与in
With 指用“工具” write with a pen 用钢笔写
In 指用“语言、材料” write in ink用墨水写(不用冠词)
2. It may save your life. 这个举动可能会挽救你的生命。
save one's life意为“挽救某人的生命”,life的复数形式是lives。另外,save还常与介词from连用。
The famous doctor saved many children's lives. 这位著名的医生救过许多孩子
They saved the old man from the fire. 他们从大火中救了那位老人。
拓展
save还有“节省;保存”之意。
If you want to save the information, press the“yes”button.
如果你想保存信息,按“Yes”按钮。
3. This is the surprising advice of a British cook.
这是一位英国厨师给出的令人惊奇的建议。
surprising adj. 令人吃惊的:惊异的
surprising常用来修饰事物,表示“使人惊讶的”;而形容词surprised则用来修饰人,意为“惊讶的”。
Did you hear of the surprising news? 你听说那条令人吃惊的消息了吗?
I'm surprised to learn that he didn't come. 得知他没有来,我感到惊讶。
拓展
surprise可用作名词,意思是“惊愕;惊奇;突然或意外之事”。
What a surprise! 多么令人吃惊的事啊!
to one's surprise令某人吃惊的是
To my surprise. his plan succeeded. 令我吃惊的是,他的计划(居然)成功了。
4. He picked up a dish from the table, and suddenly a snake appeared... and bit him on hand.
他从餐桌上拿起一个盘子,这时突然出现了一条蛇……并咬到了他的手。
(1)pick up拾起;捡起
短语pick up中,up为副词,当宾语是名词时,既可放在up之前.也可放在up之后,当宾语是代词时,则必须放在up之前。
Can you pick up my glasses for me? 你能替我把眼镜捡起来吗?
There's a hat on the ground. Let’s pick it up. 地上存顶帽子,我们把它捡起来吧。
拓展
pick sb. up还有“(开车)接某人;搭载”之意。
I'll pick you up at six. 我六点钟(开车)来接你。
中考链接
There is a book on the floor. You'd better ______ .
A. set itup B. give it up C. pick it up D.look it up
解析: set up建立;give up放弃;pick up捡起;look up查找。由句意“地上有一本书”可知,应用pick up“捡起”。
答案:C
(2)dish是名词,表示"盛食物的盘子或碗”;此外,它也可以表示“(一道)菜;菜肴。
Her job is to wash up dishes. 她的工作是洗盘子。
The main dish is steak.主菜是牛排。
(3)appear为不及物动词,意为“出现”。没有被动语态,其反义词为disappear。
A rainbow appeared in the sky after the rain. 雨后天空中出现了一道彩虹。
I waited for two hours, but he didn't appear. 我等了两个小时,但是他没有出现。
5. A few days earlier, the snake came to the restaurant from Asia in a box of bananas.
这条蛇是几天以前随着一箱从亚洲来的香蕉来到这家餐馆的。
a few意为“一些,几个”,修饰可数名词复数,表示肯定概念;如果要表示否定概念“很少,几乎没有”,用few。
She has a few friends. 她有几个朋友。
She has few friends. 她几乎没有朋友。
拓展
修饰不可数名词时,如果表示“有一点儿”,用a little,表示肯定概念。如果表示“很少,几乎没有”。 用little,表示否定概念。
There is a little water in the glass. 杯子里有点水。
There is little water in the glass. 杯子里几乎有水。
6. I threw it across the kitchen,and it landed in the fridge.
我把它甩了出去,它落在了位于厨房另一侧的冰箱里。
throw为动词,意为“扔掉”。
How far can you throw? 你能扔多远?
辨析:throw away与throw off
throw away 意为“扔掉,拋弃,浪费”,该短语为动副结构,可修饰名词或代词,表示彻底丢弃不用或无用的东西,也可指浪费金钱等
throw off 意为“扔掉(不用的东西)”时,可与throw away互换。但throw off还可表示匆忙脱衣服或摆脱困境。
All their efforts were thrown away. 他们的一切努力都白费了。
He threw off his coat and jumped into the river to save the boy.
他脱下衣服跳进河里去救那个男孩。
7. Anyway, Mr Jackson stayed cool and he took a photo of the snake with his mobile phone.
不管怎样,杰克逊先生保持了冷静,用手机拍下了蛇的照片。
(1)anyway adv. 意为“不管怎样;无论如何”,常用作让步状语,相当于anyhow.
Anyway, you can try. 无论如何,你可以试试。
It's too late now, anyway. 无论怎样,现在已经太迟了。
(2)stay cool 保持冷静。stay在此作连系动词。cool原意是“凉爽”,cool还可以形容人或人的行为。
He is really cool. 他真酷。
stay cool 还可以说成 keep one' s cool, 反义短语为 lose one's cool。
8. Then his chest began to hurt. 接下来胸口开始疼。
hurt v. (hurt, hurt) 刺痛;伤害
Nothing hurts more than a bad tooth. 没有比牙痛更痛的了。
Tom hurt his leg when he fell off his bike. 汤姆从自行车上摔了下来,伤了腿。
注意
hurt既可指身体上受伤,也可指精神上受伤害:
Myleg hurts because Ihurt it while I was playing football.
我腿疼,因为我踢足球时伤着它了。
9. Doctors couldn't say what was wrong because they didn't know what kind of snake it was.
因为医生不知道咬伤他的是哪类蛇,所以他们也无所适从。
句中what was wrong是个固定句型,表示“怎么了,出了什么事”,wrong也可以换成the matter或the trouble, 后面还可以接with sb. /sth.,表示“某人 / 某物怎么了”。
What's wrong / the trouble / the matter with you? 你怎么了?
I didn't know what was wrong with the watch. It couldn't work.
我不知道这块表哪儿出了毛病。不能用了。
拓展
wrong adj. 失常的;错误的
There is something wrong with the motor. 发动机出故障了。
10. When they knew the kind of snake, they could give Mr Jaekson the right medicine, and he left hospital the next day. 当他们了解到那条蛇的类型之后,就能给杰克逊先生对症下药了,杰克逊先生第二天就出院了。
medicine是不可数名词,意为“药”,have / take the medicine 意为“吃药”。
Take the medicine and you'll feel better soon. 服下这些药,你很快会感觉好多了。
注意
表示“吃药”时不能用动词eat或drink而要用take或have。
11. “…Take its photo first and then show the photo to the doctors,”suggests Mr Jackson.
“……拍下蛇的照片后给医生看,”杰克逊先生建议道。
suggest表示“建议;提议”。其后接动词时要用动名词形式;若接从句,多用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)。注意,不要在其后接不定式的复合结构。
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点出发。
He suggested taking the children to the zoo. 他提议带孩子们去动物园。
第3单元
内容详解
1. If you don’t like the programme, turn the TV off. 如果你不喜欢这个节目,就关上电视机。
turn off 关上
Don't forget to turn off the gas after you finish cooking. 做完饭后你别忘了关掉煤气。
注意
turn off是一个动副词组,若其宾语是代词,代词须放在turn和off中间。
The radio is very boring. Please turn it off. 收音机太烦人了,请把它关掉。
2. When you’re ready to record, press the red button. 当你准备录音时,按红色的按钮。
ready adj. 准备好了的;乐意的
(1)be ready 准备好了
Supper is ready. 晚饭准备好了。
Are you ready? 你(们)准备好了吗?
(2)be / get ready for…. = prepare for…为……做准备
They are getting ready for the exam.他们正在为考试做准备。
(3)be / get ready to do sth.准备做某事;乐意做某事
Are you getting ready to run? 你们准备好跑了吗?
Lei Feng was always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于帮助他人。
3. The man shows the woman a phone that can save music.
这位男士向这位女士展示了一部能储存音乐的手机。
此句含有一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句, that can save music作名词 phone 的定语。定语从句修饰主句中的名词或代词,被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句中的引导词称为关系词,常见的关系词有that, who,whom,whose, when,where等。
The woman that I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal. 我在报上得知,那位妇女刚刚夺得一枚金牌。
The athlete whom I liked best was Carl Lewis. 我最喜欢的运动员是卡尔?刘易斯。
中考链接
The basketball ______ I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.
A. that B. where C. whoD. when
解析:由先行词the basketball是物可知,应用关系代词that或which来引导定语从句。
答案:A
4. A new way to send a postcard 寄送明信片的新途径
此处的way表示“方式,方法,途径”,其后常跟to do或of doing作定语。
Do you have a good way to work out the problem? 你有解决这个问题的好方法吗?
There are a lot of ways to make friends. 交朋友的方法很多。
The best way of learning English is to go to America. 学英语的最好方法是去美国。
5. When you're on holiday, friends and family like to receive a postcard.
你在度假时,你的朋友和家人想收到一张明信片。
receive作动词,意为“收到,得到”,常指收到礼物或来信等。
He likes to receive presents. 他喜欢收到礼物。
I received a letter from my mother. 我收到了一封母亲的来信。
拓展
表示“收到某人的来信”还可以表达为:get one's letter, get a letter from sb. hear from sb.等。
I got his letter yesterday. =I got a letter from him yesterday
= I heard from him yesterday. 昨天我收到了他的来信。
6. I didn't know what kind of plant it was. 我不知道它是什么种类的植物。
kind意为“种,类”。有关kind的词组有:
(1)a kind of 一种 a kind of plant 一种植物
(2)all kinds of各种各样的
There are all kinds of flowers in the garden.花园里有各种各样的花。
(3)different kinds of 不同种类的 different kinds of books 不同种类的书
(4)many kinds of 许多种 many kinds of animals 许多种动物
(5)this /that kind of 这/那种
(6)kind of = a little / bit 略微,有点儿
you room is kind of small. 你的房间有点儿小。
7. I decided to take a photo of it and look it up when 1 got home.
我决定给它照张相,回到家中的时候查一查。
(1)decide意为“决定,下决心”。常见用法有:
1. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
They decided to buy the house. 他们决定买那座房子。
The boy decided not to go to the zoo with his elder sister.
那个男孩决定不和他的姐姐去动物园了。
2. decide on / about sth. 对……做出决定/决议
Who decided about the matter? 是谁决定的那件事情?
3. decide+从句决定……
She decided that she would go swimming on Saturday. 她决定星期六去游泳。
拓展
decide的名词形式是decision,意为“决定”。make a decision(to do sth.)意为“决心(去做某事)”。
(2)look up意为“查找,查阅"。
If you don't know this word,look it up in the dictionary.
如果你不知道这个单词,在词典里查一查。
中考链接
When you don t know a word, you can ______ in the dictionary.
A. look it up B. set it up C. give it up D. pick it up
解析:本题考查动词短语辨析。look up “(在词典等中)查找”;set up“建立”;give up “放弃”;pick up“拾起,捡起”。由句意“当你不认识一个单词时,你可以在词典中查找”知选A。
答案:A
Module 5 Problems
第1单元
内0容详解
1. You mean alone in front of everyone? 你的意思是独自一人在众人面前演奏?
在口语中,陈述句表示疑问的语气主要是靠语调来表示,因此这样的句子读起来应使用升调。从句子结构看,本句中省略了宾语从句中的主语和谓语部分,完整的句子应为:You mean one of you plays alone in front of everyone?
2. Rather you than me!好在没让我去!
本句是一个固定句型,用来表明不会去做别人要做的事,但并没有恶意,带有一点同情的意思。
— I'm going climbing tomorrow. 我明天去爬山。
— Rather you than me! 你去吧,我可不去!
拓展
(1)rather是副词,意为“相当,十分”时,常修饰形容词、副词的原级或比较级。
She did rather well in English. 她英语学得相当好。
Tom is rather stronger than before. 汤姆比以前强壮多了。
(2)rather与than连用,意为“而不”,表示否定,常连接相同词性的词(组)。
We shall go for a walk rather than watch TV. 我们要出去散步而不是看电视。
(3)would rather... than... 意为“宁可/宁愿......也不愿......”,后接动词原形。would rather 常缩写为’d rather。
I'd rather stay at home than go out on such a cold day.
这样冷的天气,我宁可待在家里,也不出去。
3. And if Kylie beats you, she’ll play the solo and become the star on Starsearch!
那如果凯丽击败了你,她就会表演独奏,成为“明星大搜索”的明星了!
beat是动词,意为“打,击败”,过去式为beat,过去分词为beaten。beat表示在比赛中打败某人,此时其宾语只能是表示人或团队的词。
They beat us by the score of 4 to 2. 他们以4比2的比分击败了我们。
拓展
beat还表示连续击打某人或某物。另外,beat还可表示心脏的跳动。
We heard the drums beating. 我们听到鼓在敲响。
Her heart is beating fast. 她的心快速跳动。
辨析:beat, hit与strike
beat 指连续地“打”
hit 侧重指“击中”,有时也指“打一下”
strike 常指“猛地一击”
Why did he beat you? 他为何打你?
The boy hit me on the head. 那男孩打中了我的头。
He struck me with a stick. 他用棍子打我。
4. Her parents have warned her about her Schoolwork. 她父母已警告她注意她的功课。
warn vt. 警告,告诫
(1)warn sh. about sth. 警告某人某事
They warned us about the heavy rain yesterday. 他们昨天警告我们注意这场大雨。
(2)warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事
We have warned them not to go skating on such thin ice.
我们已经警告他们不要在这样薄的冰上溜冰。
(3)warn sb. against(doing)sth. 警告某人不要做某事
The man warned us against swimming in the river. 那个人警告我们不要在河里游泳。
(4)warn sb. that…警告某人……
He warned me that there were pickpockets in the crowd. 他警告我说人群中有扒手
拓展
warn sb. of danger 警告某人有危险
They warned him of danger. 他们警告他有危险。
5. If she spends too much time with the orchestra, they’ll punish her and send her to a different school. 如果她在乐队练习时间过长的话,他们就会惩罚她,并把她送到另一所学校去。
辨析:too much与much too
too much 意为“太多”,常用作定语修饰不可数名词。另外,too much还可意为“过多”,单独作主语、表语或状语等
much too 意为“太”“非常”,常用于修饰形容词或副词,以加强语气
I don't like summer because there is too much rain. 我不喜欢夏天,因为夏天雨水太多。
That's too much. 太过分了。
The weather is much too hot.天气太炎热了。
一言辨异
The students were much too tired after they finished too much homework.
做完这么多家庭作业后,学生们太疲倦了。
联想
Too many意为“太多”,修饰可数名词复数。
(2)punish v. 惩罚,处罚,常用于短语punish sb. for(doing)sth. 意为“因(做)某事而惩某人”,介词for表示被处罚的原因,如果接with或by则表示处罚的方式或手段。
He punished her for telling lies. 他因她说谎而惩罚 了她。
I'll punish her by taking away her chocolate. 我要没收她的巧克力以示惩罚。
8. And if she becomes a star, her parents will be proud of her, and they won't send her away.
那么要是她成了明星,她父母就会为她感到自豪,那么他们就不会把她送走了。
(1)be proud of意为“以……为骄傲”,同义词组为take pride in。
We are all proud of the great progress he has made. 我们都为他取得的巨大进步而自豪。
中考链接
Li Na has won the championship in France Tennis Open. All the Asians______ her challenging spirit and excellent English.
A. are proud of B. take care of C. get along with
解析:本题考查固定短语辨析。be proud of“为……感到自豪”;take care of“照顾”;get along with“和……相处”。由前半句“李娜蠃得了法国网球公开赛的冠军”可知“所有的亚洲人都为她的挑战精神和极好的英语感到自豪”。故be proud of与句意相符。
答案:A
(2)send sb. away送走某人或开除某人
Edison's teacher sent him away from school. 爱迪生的老师把他从学校里开除了。
7. But if I refuse to play,our teacher won't choose me.
但如果我拒绝演奏,我们的老师就不会选我。
Refuse v. 拒绝;不愿接受;推却
(1)refuse+名词/代词,表示“拒绝……”。
They refused our invitation. 他们拒绝了我们的邀请。
(2)refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
He refused to help,so we had to try our best.
他拒绝绐予帮助,因此我们必须尽我们的最大努力。
(3)refuse后接双宾语
The mother doesn't refuse her daughter anything. 这位母亲不拒绝她女儿任何事。
注意
refuse后不可接动名词或宾语从句,也不能说refuse sb. to do sth.。
她拒绝让我去那里。
[误] She - refused me to go / going there.
[正] She refused to let me go there.
8. You play so well. 你演奏得那么好。
辨析:so与such
这两个词都可以表示程度,意为“如此;这样”,但用法不同。
(1)so是副词,因此常用来修饰形容词或副词。
1 didn't know why she was so upset. 我不知道她为什么如此伤心。
Parents shouldn't push their kids so hard. 父母们不应该把孩子逼得这么紧。
(2)such是形容词.常用来修饰名词。
Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future.
一些科学家相信,将来会有这样的机器人。
He is such a boy—he is always thinking of others. 他就是这样一个男孩——他总是想着别人。
(3)在单数可数名词前,so和such的位置不同,即:“so+形容词+ a /an+单数可数名词”,“such + a/an+形容词十单数可数名词”,但这两种句型表达的意思是一致的.
This is so beautiful a picture. = This is such a beautiful picture.
这是一幅如此漂亮的图画。
The teacher told so interesting a story in class yesterday.
= The teacher told such an interesting story in class yesterday.
老师昨天在课堂上讲了一个如此有趣的故事:
(4)在“形容词+不可数名词或可数名词的复数”结构前只可用such,而不能用so,即 “such+形容词+不可数名词或可数名词的复数”结构。
He used to ask such strange questions after class.
他过去在课后常问一些如此奇怪的问題。
It was such terrible weather. 天气如此糟糕。
(5)但是在上述第(4)条中,如果表示“这么多”或“这么少”的概念时,其前只能用so,而不能用such。
Today teenagers are under so much pressure. 如今青少年面临如此大的压力。
She had so many children that she didn't know what to do.
她有那么多孩子以至于她不知道该怎么办才好。
There is so little rain in spring that everything is dry. 春天雨水太少,以致一切都干了。
中考链接
The old man asked the girl to take another seat ______ he could sit next to his wife.
A. because B. so C. such
解析:because引导原因状语从句;so引导结果状语从句;such“如此”,一般不直接跟从句。由句意“他能坐在妻子旁边”可知是“这位老人要求这个女孩换另一个座位”的结果,故用so引导。
答案B
9. I’II have another chance one day 将来有一天我还会有机会的。
chance是名词,意为“机会”,其后常跟动词不定式或of引起的介词短语。有时也跟介词for。
I’ll have a chance of visiting Beijing.=I’ll have a chance to visit Beijing.
我将有一次游览北京的机会。
That’s a good chance for you. 对你来说那是个好机会。
拓展
By chance 意为“偶然地,意外地”、
I met Mr Wang in Shanghai by chance. 我在上海意外地遇见了王先生了。
第2单元
内容详解
1. If you tell him the truth, you’ll prove honest you are.
如果你告诉他真相,你将证明你是多么诚实。
(1)truth n. 事实;真理
You should always tell the truth. 你要自始至终说实话。
It is a truth that the earth moves round the sun. 地球围绕太阳转是真理。
拓展
in truth实际上 to tell the truth(作插入语)说实话
(2)prove v.证明.证实
The facts proved to us that he was a brave man. 事实向我们证明他是个勇士。
He proved himself(to be)a brave man. 他的表现证明了自己是个勇士。
拓展
prove (to sb. ) /pron. / that 从句(向某人)证明……
prove oneself (to be)... 表现出……
prove (to be)+ adj. /n. 证明是……
(3)honest adj.诚实的,正直的,如果前面加不定冠词,则要用an,因为单词honest 以元音音素开头。
It's very honest of you to tell the truth. 你说出了真相,真诚实。
I want to be an honest man. 我想做一个诚实的人。
To be honest, I don't know what to do. 老实说,我不知道该做什么。
2. But my father has warned me not to use his computer for playing games because he uses it for his job. 但我父亲告诫过我不要在他的电脑上玩游戏,因为他要用它来工作。
use是动词,意为“使用;利用”。
use的常见用法有:
(1)use后可接名词或代词作宾语,表示“使用/利用……”。
May I use your telephone? 我可以用一下你的电话吗?
If you don't use your English, you’ll forget it. 如果你不使用英语,你就会忘记它。
(2)“Use+宾语+不定式”结构表示“使用……去做……”。
People use coal to keep warm in winter. 冬天人们用煤来取暖。
(3)use…for(doing)sth. 表示“用……(做)某事”。
We use the house for teaching. 我们把这所房子用于教学。
温馨提示
use还可以用作名词,意为“使用;用途”,既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词。
What is the use of talking? 高谈阔论有什么用途?
This tool has many uses.这个工具有多用途。
3. We made quite sure my father didn’t notice anything.
我们完全确信爸爸不会注意到任何痕迹。
本句是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。make sure/certain意为“确保.确定”,其用法如下
(1)可以单独使用,也可以和of连用。
You’d better make sure of the time and place before you write.
你最好把时间和地点确定了,然后再写。
(2)与不定式连用,其否定形式有两种: do not make sure / certain to do和make sure / certain not to do。
He didn't make sure to write to her. 他没有确定要给她写信。
(3)与that从句连用,从句中可省略that。
Can you make sure(that)you will succeed? 你能确信你会成功吗?
拓展
make sure of sth. 核实或查明某物
make sure that... 确保……
be sure of sth. 对某事有把握
be sure to do sth. 务必做某事;一定做某事
be sure that... 确定……
4. Should I offer to pay? 我应该主动付钱修电脑吗?
offer是动词,意为“提供,提出,提议”。
Offer + sth.提供某物
Offer + to do sth. 主动提出做某事
Offer+ sb. sth.=sth. to sb. 绐某人提供某物
He offered advice. 他提供建议。
My parents offered to take me to the museum. 我父母主动提出带我去博物馆
Jack offered to help me with my English. 杰克主动提出帮我学英语。
He offered us some useful advice. 他向我们提供了一些有益的建议。
5. If you tell him the truth, he’ll be angry with you, but at least you'll prove how honest you are.
如果你告诉他实情,他会很生你的气,但至少你证明了自己是诚实的。
本句是一个并列复合句。but连接的两个分句前后是转折关系。句首的if引导了一个条件状语从句;but后的句子中又包含了一个由连接副词how引导的宾语从句,作prove的宾语。
I don't know what his name is. 我不知道他的名字是什么。
(1)be angry with sb. 表示“因某人而生气”;be angry about sth. 则表示“因某事而生气”。
Please don't be angry with me. 请别冲着我发脾气。
The passengers grew angry about the delay. 延误使乘客气愤起来。
(2)at least表示“至少;起码;不管怎么说”。
My English teacher must be at least 40. 我的英语老师至少应该有40岁了。
拓展
at the(very)least也表示“至少”,专用于数量之后。
It'll take a year, at the very least. 这至少需要一年的时间。
6. But yon shouldn' t use your pocket money —— after all, your parents gave you that money.
但你不应该用你的零用钱——毕竟那是你父母给你的钱。
after all意为“毕竟”,在句中提示或强调可能被忽略的事实,表示一种让步语气。
They are certain to come. After all, they've accepted the invitation.
他们肯定会来。毕竟他们已接受了邀请。
Let him go there alone—after all, he's not a child.
让他自己去那儿吧——毕竞他已不是一个孩子了。
拓展
after all还可意为“终究;到底”,通常位于句末.表示转折语气。
I was very tired, but got home after all .我很累,但终究还是到家了。
7. If you offer to do some jobs around the home, or maybe help him with his work, he’ll realisethat you're truly sorry. 如果你主动要求在家里做点儿事情,或是帮助爸爸工作,他就会意识到你确实感到很内疚。
(1) help sb. with sth.表示“在某方面帮助某人”,常与help sb. (to)do sth.互换。
He often helps his mother with the housework. = He often helps his mother (to)do the housework.他经常帮助他的母亲做家务。
温馨提示
help with意为“帮忙,帮助”。
I often help with the housework at home. 我在家经常帮忙做家务活。
(2)realise v. 认识到,了解,明白,意识到
I realised 1 had made mistakes. 我意识到我犯错误了。
第3单元
内容详解
1. hurry up! We’ll be late! 快点! 我们要迟到了!
Hurry up! 意为“赶快,急忙(做某事)”,相当于Come on! 或Be quick ! 多单独使用,用来摧促对方快点做某事。作“催促”讲,宾语是代词时,要放在hurry和up之间。
Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 快点,要不你上学就要迟到了。
We tried to hurry her up .我们试图催促她快点儿。
注意
hurry up常用于肯定句中或单独使用。
拓展
hurry的其他用法:
(1)hurry to do sth. 匆忙去做某事
He hurried to go to school without breakfast. 他没吃早饭就匆忙去上学了
(2)in a hurry 匆忙地
He went to school in a hurry. 他匆忙去上学。
2. She saved up a lot of money to buy them.. .她攒了很多钱才买到它们……
Save up 表示“攒钱”。
I have been saving up to buy a large house. 我一直在攒钱想买一套大房子。
3. And on my way home, I fell, and one of the shots is broken now.
在回家的路上,我摔倒了,现在其中一只鞋坏了。
(1)on one's way (to)... 在某人去……的路上
On my way home, I met an old friend. 在回家的路上,我遇见了一位老朋友。
She took some photos of the tall buildings on her way to the station.
在去车站的路上,她拍了一些髙楼的照片。
温馨提示
home在此用作副词,所以前面不加介词to。
(2)one of意为“其中一(个,位……)”。
He is one of my friends. 他是我的一个朋友。
注意
“one of + the/one’s+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
One of his hobbies is collecting stamps. 他的爱好之一是集邮。
“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数”意为“最……之一”。
Tom is one of the tallest boys in our class. 汤姆是我们班最高的男孩之一。
4. Mmm, that does sound serious. 嗯,那听起来确实很严重。
(1)助动词does在这里加强句子的语气。
Do be careful! 一定要当心!
I do like English.我确实喜欢英语。
(2)sound作连系动词,意为“听起来”,后面常接形容词作表语。
The idea to eat in the restaurant sounds wonderful.
去餐馆吃饭的主意听起来太棒了。
拓展
常见的连系动词有:一个“是”(be),一个“感觉”(feel), —个“保持”(keep)
四个“……起来”(taste,smell,look, sound),—个“似乎,好像”(seem),三个“变
了(become, get, turn)。
中考链接
This sentence ______ right. Please write it down.
A. feels B. sounds C. tastes D. smells
解析:本题考查连系动词的用法。feel“摸起来";sound“听起来”;taste“尝起来”;smell“闻起来”,因为主语是this sentence, 只能与sound“听起来”搭配。
答案:B
5. My uncle has offered to help me train, but how can I get my parents to agree
我叔叔己经主动提出帮我训练,但我怎样让我的父母同意呢?
(1)get sb. to do sih. 意为“让某人做某事”, get在此为使役动词。
They got us to stay for another two days. 他们让我们再多待两天。
The teacher gets the students to finish their homework on time.
老师让学生们按时完成家庭作业。
温馨提示
使役动词复合结构中的动词不定式有的带to,有的不带to。
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
have sb. do sth.让某人做某事
(2)agree作不及物动词,意为“同意”。
I know what you think I should do, but I’m afraid I don't agree.
我知道你想让我做什么,但恐怕我不能同意。
辨析:agree on,agree to与agree with
agree on 指双方或多方协商后“在某方面取得一致意见”,主语必须指协调的双方或多方
agree to 意为“同意(做)某事”,不可说agree sb. to do sth.。agree to(sth.)表示愿意接受某事或允许某事发生,重在“接受”“答应”
agree with 指“同意、赞成某人(的意见)”,重在“赞同”。
一言辨异
Tom asked me if my wife agreed to spend the holiday in the north. I said that she agreed to my idea, so we agreed on a date for it, and my wife agreed with what we did.
汤姆问我我太太是否同意去北方度假,我说她同意我的想法,因此我们就定了个日子,我太太对我们的做法表示赞同。
6. Last week, I was doing my homework at the libraryinstead of tidyingup the shelves.
上周,我在图书馆做作业,而没有整理书架。
(1) instead of意为“代替,而不是”。该短语为介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词。
We went swimming instead of playing football. 我们去游泳了,而没有去踢足球。
拓展
instead是副词,意为“相反,代替”,一般放在句末。
I don’t want to go there. Lucy will go instead. 我不想去那里,露西将代替我去
(2)shelf作名词,架子,搁板。其复数形式为shelves。
There are a lot of books on the shelves. 架子上有许多书。
7. I saw someone from myschool come into the library and steal a book.
我看到我校的一个人进入图书馆偷走了一本书。
Steal作动词,意为“偷”。其过去式和过去分词分别为stole, stolen。
Someone stole his money when he was away. 有人趁他不在时,偷了他的钱。
拓展
1. steal sb. sth. (= steal sth. for sb.)为某人偷东西
2. steal sth. from... 从……偷东西
She stole Peter a hen. ( = She stole a hen for Peter.) 她偷了一只母鸡给彼得。
What did the thieves steal from the shop? 小偷从这家商店偷了什么?
8. I want to refuse because I think it's dishonest, but I don't want Peter to get into trouble with his parents. 我想拒绝,因为我认为那不诚实,但我不想让彼得陷入被他父母责怪的困境。
Get into trouble意为“遇到麻烦,出事,陷入困境”,其后可以接介词with引导的短语.
表示“同某人产生矛盾”
The boy got into trouble when he left to live in London.
那个男孩离开家前往伦敦居住时遇到了麻烦。
He is always getting into trouble with the police. 他经常和警察产生冲突。
拓展
(1)trouble作为名词使用时,其意思和用法有很多。有时可理解为“麻烦,烦恼,问题,纠纷,病痛”等。此时为不可数名词;另外,有时也可理解为“烦恼的事,烦心事,给人造成麻烦的人”,此时为可数名词。
Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 麻烦没来找你,你别自找麻烦。
(2)trouble还可与很多动词连用,以表达不同的含义。
make/cause trouble 制造麻烦 take trouble 费心,费事
save trouble 省事,避免麻烦
have trouble in doing... 做……有困难
have trouble with sb. 与某人闹纠纷
Module 6 Entertainment
第1单元
内容详解
1. What does the man think of the music? 那个人认为这音乐怎么样?
What do’s / do...think of...?……认为……怎么样?用来询问他人的看法或意见,也可以换成 How does / do…like…?
What do you think of the new building? (=How do you like the new building? )
你认为这座新楼怎么样?
It's wonderful.它太棒了。
2. What does the man tell the listeners to do if they're too sleepy?
那个人告诉听众如果他们太困了,他们该做什么?
tell sb. to do sth. 意为“告诉/让某人去做某事”,其否定形式是tell sb. not to do sth. “告诉/让某人不要做某事”。
Mother told me to ask our teacher for help. 妈妈让我去找老师寻求帮助。
I told you not to waste time watching TV. 我告诉过你不要浪费时间肴电视。
注意
像tell —样用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词还有:ask (要求),invite (邀请)allow(允许),want(要),like(愿意).warn(警告),order(命令)等。
3. Hi, were you awake at 10 o’clock yesterday evening?
你们好,昨天晚上10点钟的时候你们还醒着吗?
awake adj. 醒着的
Is the baby awake or asleep? 婴儿醒着还是睡着了?
Are you awake? 你醒着吗?
He lay awake in the bed. 他醒着躺在床上。
注意
awake是表语形容词,不能用very修饰,但可以用wide或full修饰。它的反义词是asleep。
I was wide awake all night. 我整夜非常清醒。
4. No, I was too sleepy. 没有,我太困了。
(1)too adv. 太,过于;也
The box is too heavy.这个盒子太重了。
拓展
① too作副词用,修饰形容词或副词,常用于too...to...结构中,以肯定形式表示否定意义,意为“太……以至于不能……”。
The box is too heavy for the boy to lift. 这个盒子对那个男孩来说太重了,他举不动。
② too意为“非常;很”,常用于口语中,相当于very;too还冇“还;而且 ;也”之意,可用于肯定句或疑问句中,在否定句中,要用either代替too。
I can speak Japanese, too.我也会说日语。
(2)sleepy adj. 困乏的,欲睡的
I felt sleepy all day. 我一整天都很困。
The children are very sleepy by ten o'clock. 小孩子到10点钟就很困倦。
辨析:sleepy, sleep, fall asleep 与 asleep
Sleepy:形容词,意为“欲睡的,困乏的”
Sleep:动词,意为“睡,睡觉”,表示持续性状态
Fall asleep:表示“入睡”的短暂动作
Although I slept eight Hours last night, I still feel sleepy. I'm afraid I'll fall asleep in a while. 尽管昨晚我睡了 8个小时,但我仍然感到困倦,恐怕我一会儿要睡着了。
Asleep:形容词,意为“睡着的,睡熟的”,常作表语 The baby is asleep. 宝宝在睡觉。
5.Yes,thatwas the end of the interview,but Chen Huan then said Sally played the violin really well. 对,采访到此结束,但陈欢接着说萨莉小提琴拉得非常好。
play the violin 拉小提琴
在表示演奏西方乐器时,常用“play + the十乐器名词”。
play the piano 弹钢琴 play the guitar 弹吉他
温馨提示
在用汉语拼音表示的乐器名词前一般不加定冠词the。
play erhu 拉二胡 play pipa 弹琵琶
6. So she knows that she's among friends. 那么她知道她是和朋友们在一起。
among prep. 在……之中
I found him among the crowd. 我在人群之中找到了他。
There are a lot of flowers among the trees. 树木之间有许多花。
辨析:among与between
Among:用于三个或三个以上的人或物之中,或笼统的一群人或一些物之中,表示“在……中间”,其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数/集体意义的名词或代词
Between:一般指“两者之间”,也可以用来指三个或三个以上的人或物中的每两个之间。
一言辨异
The woman teacher is among the students, and the girl is between the two boys.
这位女老师在学生之中,那个女孩在两个男孩之间。
7. But I'm worried about her because she's unhappy.
可是我还是为她担心,因为她并不快乐。
Worried作为形容词,意为“担心的;烦恼的;焦虑的”。
Don't look so worried. Everything will be fine.
不要闷闷不乐,一切都会好起来的。
be worried about 意为“为……而担心”。
She was very worried about your safety. 她非常担心你的安全。
拓展
Worry作为动词,意为“使担心”。
What is worrying you? 什么亊在让你担心?
短语worry about意为“为……担心”。
Don't worry about him. He is fine now. 不要为他担心,他现在很好。
第2单元
内容详解
1. Here's my culture report for today…下面是我今天为大家准备的文化播报……
这是一个here引导的倒装句。当表示地点的副词放在句首时,句子应倒装,也就是将谓语提到主语之前。这类倒装句称为全部倒装句,其目的是强调状语。
Here is the book you want. 你要的书在这儿。
拓展
具有这种用法的副词常见的有here,there, now, then等;但当主语是人称代词时,谓语不能提前。
Here they are. 他们在这儿。
2. They are both very popular and famous…他们两个都是广受欢迎的著名演员……
both adj. & pron.
(1)both可作形容词,有时还可用作代词,表示“两者都”,只用于两个人 / 物或两件事, 谓语动词用复数形式,需特别注意both在句中的位置。
The twins are both students. 这对双胞胎都是学生。(位于be动词之后)
They both speak English. 他们俩都说英语。(位于行为动词之前)
Both the boys are foreigners. 这两个男孩都是外国人。(位于名词之前)
Both of us like playing cards. 我们两个人都喜欢打牌。(用作代词)
(2)both... and... 连接两个主语时,其后面的谓语动词要用复数形式。
Both my father and my mother are workers. 我的爸爸和妈妈都是工人。
拓展
neither... nor...为并列连词,意为“既不……也不……”,是both…and...的反义词组。
Neither boys nor girls are interested in it. 男孩子和女孩子对此都不感兴趣。
中考链接
I have two children, and ______ of them are working in the west of China.
A. allB. both C. neitherD. either
解析:本题考查不定代词辨析。all表示“三者及三者以上都”;both表示“两者都”;neither表示“两者都不”;either表示“两者中的任何一个”。由句意“我有两个孩子,而且他们两个都在中国的西部工作”知B项正确。
答案:B
3. Depp and Bloom try to find some lost gold. 德普和布鲁姆试图找到一些丢失的黄金。
try to do sth.意为“努力做某事,试图做某事”。
Try to relax before you go to bed.睡觉之前设法放松一下。
She tried to open the door but failed 她试图打开门,但没有成功。
辨析:try to do sth.与try doing sth.
try to do sth:表示“努力做某事”;try doing sth.表示“尝试做某事”
The doctor tried to cure the woman of her illness, so he tried treating her with new medicine.
医生尽力为这个女人治病,因此他试着用新药给她治疗。
4. Then they come face with some terrible men, and have to fight them.
后来,他们遇到一些坏人,不得不与他们展开搏斗。
(1)face to face(with)(和……)面对面地,该短语为副词性短语,在句中作状语。
He sat facc to face with me. 他和我而对面坐。
They are talking face to face. 他们正在面对面地谈话。
拓展
类似的结构还有:
hand in had 手拉手 arm in arm 臂挽臂 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩
(2)fight vi.(fought, fought)搏斗,斗争,争吵;常与介词against或with连用。
They fought against the enemy fiercely. 他们猛烈地打击敌人。
He fought with his deskmate- yesterday. 昨天他和同桌打架了。
5. It's an enjoyable film, although in my opinion there's too much fighting.
这是一部很好看的影片,虽然我觉得打斗镜头过多了。
(1)本句为although引导的让步状语从句,although为从属连词:意为“虽然,尽管”,相 当于though。
Although they are poor, they are happy, 虽然他们很穷,但他们很快乐。
注意
汉语中常说“虽然……但是……”,在英语中如果一个句子用了although/though,则不能再用but,但可以用副词yet或still。
Although he is rich, (yet)he works hard. (= He is rich, hut he works hard.)
虽然他很有钱,但是他工作努力。
温馨提示
一定记住“用though不用but”噢!
(2)in one's opinion (=in the opinion of sb. )以某人的观点,在某人看来
In my opinion, that is a good book. 照我的看法,那是本不错的书。
In my opinion, the house is too big. 我认力这座房子太大了。
6. But except for that,it's an excellent film. 但是除此之外,它仍是一部出色的彩片。
except for... 除去……,除……以外
辨析:besides, except与except for
Besides:指“除了......之外还”,具有附加性质,常与other, else等连用(包含后面的内容)
Except:指“除了,除……之外”,具有排他性,不包括except后面的内容,且着重强调除去的部分,不可用but代替。
except for:除去的和非除去的不是同类事物时,用except for(有“瑕不掩瑜”的含义)
All of us passed the exam besides John. 除约翰外,我们都及格了。
We’re all here except Mary. 除玛丽外,我们都在这儿。
The movie was good except for the ending. 这部电影除了结尾之外都很好。
中考链接
— Do you think Brazil will beat Japan in the next match?
— No. My friends all expect them to win _______me.
A. and B. except C. or D. besides
解析:and“和”;except“除……之外”;or“或”;besides“除了……还有”。由问句句意“你认为下场比赛中巴西会赢日本吗? ”及答语中的“不”可知“除了我,我的朋友都期盼他们能赢”。
故用except。答案:B
7. …I advise you to go and see it now. ……我建议你现在就去看。
advise是动词,意为“建议;劝告”,后常跟名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句。在本句中用于advise sb. to do sth.结构,意为“建议某人做某事”。
The doctor advised(taking)a week's rest. 医生建议休息一周。
I advise him to wait. 我建议他等待。
I advise that he go at once. 我劝他马上走。
拓展
advice是advise的名词形式,意为“劝告;意见”。adviser/advisor为名词,意为“顾问”。
8. I'm sure you'll enjoy it. 我可以肯定你会喜欢它的。
sure作形容词,意为“肯定的;当然的;有把握的”。
I think he is coming, but I'm not quite sure. 我想他会来,但我不十分肯定。
拓展
(1)be sure to do sth. 表示要求,意为“务必做某事;请一定做某事”,多用于祈使句。
Besure to telephone me. 请一定要给我打电话。
be sure to do sth. 还可表示一种推断,意为“一定做某事;肯定做某事”。
The child is sure to be a tcacher. 这个孩子一定会成为一名老师。
(2)be sure of / about... 表示人对某亊(物)的看法,意为“对……有把握”。其后常接名词、代词或动词ing形式。
I'm not sure about English grammar. 我对英语语法没有把握。
(3)be sure + 从句,意为“确信……”。
I’m sure that he will come.我确信他会来。
第3单元
内容详解
1. The audience is clapping and cheering. 观众在鼓掌喝彩。
the audience在句中作为一个整体,故谓语动词用is。audience作主语指整体时,被视为单数,谓语动词用单数形式;指成员时,被视为复数,谓语动词用复数形式。
There was a large audience there. 那里有很多观众。(强调整体)
注意
audience表示多少时,用large或small修饰,而不用many。
There was a small audience. 那里有很少的观众。
2.There's plenty of food and drink, sono one is hungry.
有许多食品和饮料,所以没有人感到饿。
(1)plenty名词,意为“富足;充足”。
—Do you need more milk? 你还要牛奶吗?
— No, thanks. There's plenty in the fridge. 不要了,谢谢。冰箱里还有很多呢。
(2)plenty of意为“许多,大量,充足”,既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。
There's plenty of time. 时间充足。
There are plenty of eggs. 鸡蛋很多。
注意
plenty of修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词的数要与名词保持一致,多用在肯定句中;否定句中常用much或many,疑问句中常用enough。
There isn't much time. 时间不太多了。
There aren't many eggs. 鸡蛋不多了。
Is there enough time? 有足够的时间吗?
3.We're all enjoying ourselves here, so come and join us.
在这里我们都玩得非常离兴,所以来加入我们吧。
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
Did she enjoy herself at the party? 她在晚会上玩得幵心吗?
We are going to enjoy ourselves at the picnic. 我们将会在野餐中玩得开心。
注意
oneself与主语在数上一定要保持一致。
拓展
“玩得痛快,过得愉快”还有如下表达:have a wonderful/great time, have fun, play / live happily等。
4. Relax and you'll be fine. 放松,你会没事的。
句型:祈使句+ and + 表示将来的简单句(肯定意义)
祈使句+ or +表示将来的简单句(否定意义)
Go straight and you'll see a church. 一直向前走,你会看到一座教堂。
Hurry or you will be late. 快点,否则你会迟到。
该句式可以改为含有条件状语从句的复合句。以上两句可改为:
If you go straight, you'll see a church. 如果你一直向前走,你就会看到一座教堂。
If you don't hurry, you'll be late. 如果你不快点,你就要迟到了。
5. I didn't like the singer but other than that, I thought the concert was excellent.
我不喜欢那位歌手,但除此之外,我认为这次音乐会非常棒。
other than 意为“除了……”,后跟名词、代词、动名词、介词短语等。
There's nobody here other than me. 除了我这里没有別人。
You can't get there other than by swimming. 你只能靠游泳到那儿去。
6. Young singers compete to become famous pop stars. 年轻的歌手竞争以成为著名的明星。
compete常作不及物动词用,意为“比赛,竞争”。多用于下列结构:
(1)compete to do sth.意为“竞争/比赛以做某事”。其中to do sth.是动词不定式短语,作目的状语。
Those soldiers had to compete to get the food. 那些士兵不得不竞争以获得食物。
(2)compete for意为“为……而竞争,竞争获得……”,其后接争夺的目标。
Several companies are competing for the contract.
几家公司正在为争取这项合同而竞争
(3)compete against / with意为“与……竞争/比赛”,其后接竞争对手。
He’ll compete against / with John next time. 下次他将与约翰竞争。
Module 7 Time off
第1单元
内容详解
1. I can hardly hear the traffic in the streets and no one is shouting.
我几乎听不到街上车辆的声音,也没有人大喊大叫。
(1)hardly副词,意为“几乎不”。
She hardly ate anything. 她几乎什么都没吃。
He is hardly ever late for work. 他上班几乎从不迟到。
注意
① hardly是否定副词,变反意疑问句时,反意疑问部分用肯定。
He hardly worked last year, did he?他去年几乎没工作,对吗?
② 置于句首,句子用部分倒装。
Hardly can he speak a word. 他几乎说不出一句话来
辨析:hardly与hard
Hardly: 只用作副词,意思是“几乎不,简直不”,它与seldom, scarcely等词一样,本身含有否定的意义,故在句中不能另加否定词。hardly位于句首时,句子采用倒装语序。
Hard: 既可作形容词,意为“艰难的,困难的,坚硬的”,亦可作副词,表示“拼命地,努力地”。
一言辨异
He looked hard at the blackboardbut could hardly see anything.
他努力地看黑板,但是几乎什么也看不见。
(2)traffic是不可数名词,意为“交通”。要形界交通的情况,我们可以用heavy, a lot of, little等词来修饰,但是不能用crowded。
There’s always heavy traffic at eight in the morning. 早上八点交通总是很拥挤。
2. I can even hear the birds singing! 我甚至能听见鸟儿在歌唱!
hear动词,意为“听见;听”,后面常跟名词、代词、从句或用于hear sb. do sth. 或 hear sb. doing sth.结构。
I heard that he was ill.我听说他病了。
I’ll be glad to hear your opinion of them. 我将乐于听取你对他们的看法。
I heard him say so. 我听到他这么说过。
I can hear someone knocking at the door. 我能听到有人在敲门。
注意
hear sb. do sth. 变为被动语态时,动词不定式要加to。有此类用法的动词还有 make, see 等。
He was heard to talk with his English teacher just now.
刚才有人听到他和他的英语老师说话了。
用法歌诀
感使动词好奇怪,to在句中更精彩。
主动句中to拿走,被动句中to回来。
3. Let's walk around the lake, cross the bridge and climb up to Baita.
让我们沿着湖边走一走,然后过桥,爬上白塔。
cross动词,意为“通过”。
Look left and right before you cross the road. 过马路之前,要先左右看一下。
辨析:cross 与 across
Cross:动词,意为“穿过;越过”。主要表示在物体表面上横穿,如:横过马路、过桥、过河等。
Across:介词,有“横跨;横穿;穿越”之意,常与walk, go等动词连用。
They crossed the river by boat. 他们乘船渡河。
Go across the road and you will find the post office on your left.
穿过这条公路,你会发现邮局就在你的左边。
4. The air is very clear today, so we'll see the whole park from up there.
今天天空很晴朗,所以我们从上面能看到公园的全貌。
whole形容词,意为“所有的,完整的”。
The whole family are coming.全家人都要来。
Tell me the whole story. 把整个故事告诉我。
辨析:all与whole
All:“全部”,用于修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数,位于定冠词、指示代词、物主代词及名词所有格之前。
Whole:“全部”,用于修饰可数名词单数。位于冠词、指示代词、物主代词及名词所有格之后。
He ate all his vegetables. 他把蔬菜都吃光了。
The whole week has passed quickly. 整个这一周很快过去了
5. Well, I've phoned my teacher and I said my hand and arm hurt and I didn't want to play in the final practice.
噢,我已经给老师打过电话了,告诉她我的手和胳膊疼,不想在最后一次练习时演赛了。
phone作动词时,意为“打电话”;作名词时,意为“电话”。
I phoned Bill last night. 我昨天晚上给比尔打电话了。
I need to make a phone call.我需要打个电话。
拓展
phone sb. to do sth. 打电话给某人做某事
phone for sb. 打电话叫某人
phone sth. to sb.打电话告诉某人某事
on the phone通电话,在电话里
6. …why don't we go to one of our national parks to relax—Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area?
……我们为什么不去国家公园——武陵源历史风景名胜区去放松一下呢?
Why don't you…?表示建议对方做某事,口气比较直率,通常缩略为Why not...?
Why don't you go to school? = Why not go to school? 你为什么不去上学?
英语口语中表建议的句沏有很多,其他常见句型如下:
(1)How / What about...?后面接动词时,应用动名词形式。
What about having an English evening party? 举行一场英语晚会怎么样?
(2)Shall we...? 用于建议对方和自己一起做某事。
—Shall we climb that hill? 我们爬那座山怎么样?
一Good idea! 好主意!
(3)Let's... 表示建议对方和自己一起做某事。
Let's go out for a walk. 让我们出去散散步吧。
(4)You'd better…表示建议时,更侧重于表示劝告,有为对方着想,替对方出主意、想办法的意味。
You'd better not watch TV every day. 你最好不要每天都看电视
7. My mother told me to get dressed and to run to school. 我妈妈让我穿好衣服并跑着去学校。
get dressed穿好衣服
dress的过去分词常构成get dressed与be dressed短语,前者侧重动态,后者侧重静态。
表示穿何种颜色的衣服时,用介词in。
The boy could not get dressed. 这个男孩不会穿衣服。
The girl was dressed in red. 这个女孩穿着红色衣服。
拓展
dress up常用作不及物动词短语,在句中作谓语,常指“打扮;化妆”,其后一般不接表示衣服的名词。
Mr Green sometimes dressed up in a blue coat. 格林先生有时打扮一番,穿上蓝色大衣。
第2单元
内容详解
1. We're spending some time off with Lingling's uncle in Hunan Province…
我们正在湖南省和玲玲的叔叔一起休假……
time off意思是“(正式规定的)休假或放假;休息”。
If you are feeling tired, you should take some time off.
如果你感到累了,你应该休息一段时间。
拓展
off为形容词,也可用作副词,意为“不工作,休息;离开”。
The teacher gave her three days off. 老师放了她三天假。
They went off together. 他们一同离开了。
含有off的短语有:
(1)take off脱下,起飞
The plane took off just now. 飞机刚刚起飞。
(2)put off 推迟
The meeting was put off. 会议被推迟了。
(3)keep off 远离
Keep off the grass! 远离草坪!
(4)turn off 关掉
Turn off the light before you leave the room. 在你离开房间前,关上灯。
2. It's famous for the strange shape of its tall rocks. 武陵源因高大的怪石而著名。
(1)be famous for 因……而著名
Guilin is famous for its mountains and rivers. 桂林因其山水而闻名。
This place is famous for its wine. 这个地方以其酒而闻名。
辨析:be famous for 与 be famous as
be famous for:意为“因……而著名”,指由于某个与众不同的特性而出名
be famous as:意为“作为……而出名”,作为某种身份而为众人所知。
Hangzhou is famous for its beautiful scenery. 杭州因美丽的风景而出名
Edison is famous as an inventor. 爱迪生作为一位发明家而出名。
(2)rock n. 岩石,石头
They climbed the steep rock. 他们攀登了那陡峭的岩石。
The boy threw a rock at the snake. 那个男孩朝那条蛇扔了一块石头。
3. Some people think they look like soldiers, and others think they look like animals.
有些人认为它们像士兵,有些人认为它们像动物。
Some…others…一些……,另一些……
The children are planting trees. Some are digging holes and others are carrying water.
孩子们在种树。一些在挖坑,另一些在抬水。
4. …few people knew about the area。……很少有人知道这个地方。
Few adj. 少数的,几乎没有
There are few apples in the basket. 篮子里几乎没有苹果了。
Few students can answer the question. 几乎没有学生能回答这个问题
辨析:few, a few, little 与a little
意义:否定(几乎没有,少) 功能:修饰可数名词few 修饰不可数名词little
意义:肯定(有些,有几个) 功能:修饰可数名词a few 修饰不可数名词a little
I have few friends.我几乎没有朋友。
I have a few friends.我有几个朋友。
There's little rice in the bowl. 碗里几乎没有米饭了。
I can only speak a little French. 我只会说一点儿法语。
注意
few, little所在句子的反意疑问句的附加部分用肯定形式。
5. During the night,I heard a loud noise, as if someone was laughing.
夜间,我听到很大的声响,好像有人在笑。
as if(=as though)好像,仿佛(后用虛拟语气)
He looked as if he were ill. 他看起来好像病了。,
It seemed as if the meeting would never end. 会议好像没完没了。
注意
as if/though常用在It seems/looks之后,引导事实或很可能是亊实的从句时,不用虚拟语气。
It looks as if it's going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨。
It looks as if he is coming. 看起来好像他要来。
6. Lingling’s uncle told us not to worry,and left the tent to find out what it was.
玲玲的叔叔让我们不要担心,然后出了帐蓬去看看是怎么回事。
(1)leave 用作动词,意为“留下;丢下”。
He left his umbrella in the train. 他把伞丢在了火车上。
(2)leave还可以表示“剩下”,此时常用其过去分词形式,即left。
I've got three tickets left for the film. 我有三张剩余的电影票。
7. From the top we hoped for a wonderful view of the lakes and forests, but we could only see the mountain tops through the clouds.
我们本来希望从山顶眺望下面的湖泊、森林,但是 只看到了云雾缭绕的山顶。
(1)hope为动词,意为“希望”,后常跟不定式或宾语从句。
I hope to watch the football match again. 我希望再看一次那场足球赛。
I hope it will be fine tomorrow.我希望明天天气会好。
注意
hope后跟动词不定式时,有时会省略不定式符号to后的与前面相同的内容,用以避免重复或用作简短的答语。
辨析:hope和wish
Hope:意为“希望”,表示对愿望的实现抱有一定的信心,这种希望往往是可以实现的。
Wish:意为“希望,但愿”,用以表示祝愿;后接宾语从句时,若表示不能实现的或与事实相反的事情时,从句的谓语常用虚拟语气。
[助记]
Hope + for hope + to do hope + that从句
Wish+ to do sth. wish+ sb. to do sth. with+ that 从句(用虚拟语气)
(2)through为介词,意为“透过;穿过;越过”。
They walked through the forest. 他们从森林中穿过。
辨析:through, across与over
Through:意为“透过,穿过;越过”,着重指从空间或物体的一头穿越到另一头,也就是说从一个物体的里面穿过。
Across:意为“横过”,着重指从某一物体表面的一边、一面到另一边、另一面
Over:意为“越过”,指从物体表面上方经过,不与物体接触。
一言辨异
The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,across the deserts, over the mountains, through the valleys,till at last it reaches the sea.
长城从西到东,穿过沙漠,越过高山,跨过深谷,蜿蜒而行,最后直达海边。
8. I pulled a leaf off a plant... 我从树上揪下了一片叶子……
Pull意为“拉;拔;拖”,其含义是用力使物体向拖动者方向移动,多指一时的或突然的动
作。与之对应的是push,意为“推”。
The horse is pulling a cart. 这匹马正拉着辆马车。
Why did you pull up these young plants? 你为什么把这些小植物拔出来?
拓展
pull常见短语:
pull sb. down使某人扫兴,贬低某人
poll sth. off 努力实现
pull together同心协力
pull sth. down毁坏,拆毁某物
pull out 驶出
pull oneself together 控制自己
9. Wish you were here!多么希望你们在这儿啊!
此句为虚拟语气。wish引导的句子主要表示愿望。如果要表达可能无法实现的愿望时,从句用过去时态;若指过去没有实现的愿望,则从句一般使用过去完成时;此外,wish后也可以跟动词不定式。
I wish I were 20 years younger. 我希望自己年轻20岁。
I wish I had learned to play chess. 但愿我学过下国际象棋。
My father wishes me to be a teacher. 我父亲希望我成为一名老师。
第3单元
内容详解
1. Bring the childrenwith you. 把孩子们一起带上。
Bring…with…意为“把……一起带来”。
I bring the umbrella with me. 我把伞带来了。
拓展
bring动词,意为“带来”,其对应词是take“带走”,这两个词都有方向性。英语中还有一个词fetch,意为“去拿来"。take….with... 把……一起带走
Please take the book with you. 请你把这本书带走。
一言辨异
I asked Lily to fetch me an English hook, hut she brought me a Chinese book, so I asked her to take it back to the teacher's office.
我让莉莉去拿一本英语书,她却拿来一本汉语书,于是我让她将其拿回老师的办公室。
2. Don't leave them alone. 不要把他们单独留在家里。
leave sb. alone意为“把某人单独留下;别管某人”。
We'd better leave him alone. 我们最好把他单独留下。
Just leave me alone. I’ll be OK soon.別管我,我很快就会好的。
3.You're making a strange sound.你正在弄出一种奇怪的声音。
sound既可作名词,也可作动词。作名词时表示“声音;响声”。
She heard the sound of footsteps outside. 她听到外面有脚步声。
作连系动词时,意为“听起来”。
Your idea sounds good. 你的主意听上去不错。
4. Please put away your work.请收起你的作业。
put away意为“放起来,收起来”。
Put away the old books. 把这些旧书收起来。
拓展
动词和副词如down,off,in,out,up等组成的动词词组,其宾语如果是名词,该名词一般放在副词之后,但也可放在副词之前;若是代词,该代词要放在副词之前。
Take off your coat.Turn your coat off. 脱掉你的外套
Turn off the radio. Turn the radio off. 关上收音机。
Take if off. 脱掉它。 Turn if off. 关上它。
5. The Lake District National Park is in the north of England...
湖区国家公园在英格兰北部……
介词in在这里表示位置,当表示一个地方在另一个地方范围之内的某个方向时,用介词in。 Shandong is in the east of China. 山东在中国的东部。
[知识链接]
(1)当两个平等的范围相互搭界时,表示方向用介词on。
Hunan is on the south of Hubei.湖南在湖北的南面。
(2)当两个平等的范围不搭界时,表示方向用介词to。
Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。
6. Most visitors enjoy walking around the lakes or climbing up into the mountains.
大多数游客喜欢绕湖散步或者爬山。
(1)walk around意为“到处走;随便走走”。
They are walking around the swimming pool. 他们在游泳池边上散步。
拓展
around作介词,通常有以下几种意思:
① 在……周围;环绕
The moon moves around the earth. 月亮绕着地球转。
② 在那边;到那边;从那边
Our house is just around the corner. 过了拐角就是我们的房子。
③ 向各处;到处
The visitors are walking around our school。参观者在我们学校四处走动。
(2)climb up意为“爬上”,其反义短语为climb down“爬下”。
My mother climbed up the stairs. 我妈妈爬上了楼梯。
7. The Lake District is also popular with artists who like to paint the beautiful countryside.
湖区也深受那些喜欢画美丽乡村的画家的喜爱。
(1)be popular with 受……的欢迎
She's very popular with her students. 她深受学生们的喜爱。
拓展
popular作形容词,表示“群众性的;得人心的;受欢迎的;大众化的;常见的”等,后面常接with sb, 意思为“受某人欢迎”,有时接among sb. 意思是“在……人中很受欢迎”。
The singer is popular with young men. 这个歌手很受年轻人喜爱。
The song is quite popular among students. 那首歌在学生中相当流行。
She is a popular girl. 她是一个招人喜欢的女孩。
(2)who like to paint the beautiful countryside 在句子中作定语,修饰名词 artists, 被称为定语从句。
Do you know the girl who has long hair? 你认识那个留长发的女孩吗?
中考链接
The teachers ______ came for a visit are foreigners.
A. who H. whom C. whose D. which
解析:who谁(主格);whom谁(宾格);whose谁的;which哪一个。
先行词the teachers是人,关系词在从句中作主语,故用who引导。
答案:A
Module 8 Public holidays
第1单元
内容详解
1. celebrate动词,意为“庆祝"。
We are going to celebrate his birthday.我们打算庆祝他的生日。
其名词形式为celebration,意为“庆祝;庆祝会”。
We held a celebration yesterday. 昨天我们举行了一场庆祝会。
温馨提示
Celebrate 还可以表示“赞扬,称颂”。
2. When do most people take a vacation? 大多数人什么时候去度假?
take a vacation意思是“去度假”,表示度假的短语还有spend a vacation,介词短语for vacation也可表示度假。
They always take vacations in Europe. 他们总是在欧洲度假。
He is going to Beidaihe for vacation. 他要去北戴河度假。
辨析:vacation与holiday
Vacation 美式英语。通常指正式规定的假期,为不工作或无课的时间,较长,可与holiday互换。
Holiday 英式英语。指由风俗习惯或法律规定的节假日,也可指学校假期,可长可短,但复数指较长的节日、假期。
3. Do you do anything special? 你们做特别的事情吗?
此句中的形容词special作后置定语,修饰不定代词anything。形容词修饰不定代词时,一般置于不定代词之后。
Is there anything wrong? 出什么问题了吗?
温馨提示
此外,我们还可以用动词不定式来修饰名词或不定代词,表示某个动作到目前为止还没有发生。另外,else修饰疑问词或不定代词时,一般也要放在它们的后面。如:Anything else?(还有)别的东西吗?
4. And while we're staying with them, we're going to spend a few days in Qingdao.
他们在一起期间,我们会去青岛待几天。
这是一个由while引导的时间状语从句。while引导时间状语从句时,可以表示“在/当……的时刻;和……同时”;还可作并列连词,表示对比,意为“而;然而”。
Someone came to see you while you were out. 你出去时,有人来找你了。
She always listens to the radio while she's driving. 她在开车的时候总是听收音机。
I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜欢喝茶,而她喜欢喝咖啡。温馨提示
while,when与as
三者都是连词,意为“当……的时候”,其区别如下:
(1)当从句中谓语动词是延续性动词时,用while和when均可。
You can make some notes while / when you watch English TV programmes.
当收看英语电视节目时,你可以做一些笔记。
(2)当从句中谓语动词是非延续性动词时,只能用when,不能用while。
Don't forget to write to me when you get there. 到了那儿,别忘了给我写信。
(3)as强调两个动作同时进行,常译为“一边……一边……”。
She watched TV as she had lunch. 她边看电视边吃午饭。
5. …but the holiday is not always on 1st May……但这个节日并不总是在5月1日。
(1)not always是部分否定,意为“并不总是”。
The rich are not always happy. 富人未必永远快乐。
拓展
当not与always, all, both等词连用时,表示部分否定。
Not all my friends smoke. 我的朋友并不是个个都吸烟。
(2)表示在具体某一天或虽期几时要用介词on, 而不用in或at。
On Monday,we went to the zoo. 我们星期一去了动物园。
What happened to you on that day? 那天你发生什么事了?
Mary received many gifts on her birthday. 生日那天玛丽收到很多礼物。
注意
表示某事发生在不确定的某一天时用the other day,而不用on。
中考链接
—Look!There are so many people in the park.
一Nobody likes to stay at home______ Sunday morning.
A. in B. on C. atD. to
解析:in用在年、月、季节前; on用在具体日期前;at用在具体时刻前。由句中Sunday morning可知是具体日期,故用on。 答案:B
6. We go camping or we have a picnic somewhere nice, or go to the beach.
我们去露营或者去一个好地方野餐或者去海滩。
go camping去野营,是一个动词短语。“go +v. -ing形式”常用来表示体育运动或娱乐消遣,类似的短语还有:go swimming去游泳,go fishing去钓鱼,go shopping去买东西,go hiking去徒步旅行,go skating去滑冰。
7. When September comes, it starts to get cooler, so after Labour Day we start classes.
一到9月,天气开始转凉,所以劳动节过后我们就开始上学了。
本句含有一个由so引导的结果状语分句,so前面的句子含有一个由when引导的时间状语从句。
(1)start后面可以跟动名词或动词不定式。但在以下几种情况下,一般只用动词不定式结构:
① 当物作主语时;② start本身是-ing形式时;③ 当start后面接的动词为表示心理活动的动词,如:understand,realize 等时。
It started to rain.开始下雨了。
I was starting to get angry. 我开始生起气来。
I start to understand the truth 我开始明白真相。
(2)get在句中是连系动词,后面加形容词作表语。Get cooler后面省略了than before。
辨析:get, become,grow, turn与go
Get 指短时间内的变化。常与形容词连用,不与名词连用
become 强调变化的结果,可以和名词、形容词、分词连用,不与动词不定式连用。
grow 指逐步成长而“成为”。
Turn 指性质、品质、状态发生变化。后面可接形容词或名词
Go 指变成某种特定的状态,往往带有向不好的方面转变的意味。后面常接形容词
The weather gets warmer.天气变得比较暖和了。
I become ill.我生病了。
It's growing cold. 天气渐渐变冷了。
Trees turn green. 树变绿了。
The food goes bad. 食物变坏了。
8. We also go back to school as soon as the May Day holiday is over.
我们也是五一节一结束就回到学校。
As soon as意为“……就……”,引导时间状语从句,表示主从句所述两件事情发生的时间相近。
The students became quiet as soon as the teacher came in. 老师进来,学生们就安静下来。
拓展
(1)从句通常用一般现在时表将来,而主句则用一般将来时。可简记作“主将从现”。
I’ll write to you as soon as I get there. 我一到那里就给你写信。
(2)as soon as后可接形容词possible,表示“尽可能早地……”,此时相当于as soon as it is possible。
I' ll call you as soon as possible. 我会尽快给你打电话。
(3)引导时间状语从句的连词还有 when, while,before,after,until, till, as,since等。
第2单元
内容详解
1. However, not all countries celebrate in the same way...
但是并不是所有国家的庆祝方式都相同……
(1)however作副词,意为“可是;然而”。
I don’t think we can do it- however, we'll try. 我认为我们做不到——但我们要试试。
It’s raining heavily. However, he goes out to work. 雨下得很大,然而,他仍去上班。
辨析:however与but
however 正式用语,可置于句首、句中或句末
but 非正式用语,只用于句首或句中
The watch is old. However,it is in good condition.
= The watch is old. It is in good condition, however.
= The watch is old. It is,however, in good condition.
这块手表虽然旧了,但是走得很准。
I’m quiet but Li Lei is outgoing. 我好静,而李雷很外向。
(2)not all…意为“并非所有的……都”,表示部分否定,后常接可数名鉍数。
All cats are animals, but not all animals are cats.
所有的猫都是动物,但并不是所有的动物都是猫。
拓展
① not all后也可接不可数名词,表示部分否定。
Not all wood tends to shrink. 并非所有的木头都会收缩。
② not all后经常接the,this, that, my, her, his等限定词或数词,共同修饰名词。
Not all five men are hard workers .并非5个工人全都努力工作。
2. It can depend on the seasons, the moon or the sun.
(有些国家)随着季节、月亮或太阳的变化而改变。
depend意为“依靠;依赖;取决于”,是不及物动词,常与on或upon连用,也可单独使用。
I might not go. It depends on how tired I am. 我不一定去。这要看我有多累。
You can't always depend on your parents. 你不能总是指望你的父母。
We depend on the newspaper for daily news.我们靠报纸得到每天的消息。
温馨提示
depend on后可接名词也可接从句,接名词时不可用被动语态。
3. While they're waiting for the New Year, they listen to music, sing traditional songs and have fun.他们一边听音乐、唱传统歌曲、玩儿,一边等待着新年的到来。
have fun意为“玩得高兴”。
They often have fun flying kites. 他们经常放风筝玩得很高兴。
The children had a lot of fun with the games. 孩子们玩游戏玩得很开心。
拓展
have fun doing开心地做;愉快地做 have fun with玩得高兴
for fun开玩笑地,为了乐趣 make fun of嘲弄,取笑
4. …everyone shouts very loudly………人们大声欢呼……
loudly adv.大声地
Everyone began to shout loudly. 大家开始大声地喊叫起来。
拓展
Loudly也可以作副词,表示“大声地(谈笑)”。
Don't talk too loud—the baby is asleep. 说话不要太大声——宝宝睡着了。
辨析:loudly, loud与aloud
Loudly:用法较正式,含有一点贬义,尤指“吵闹地,喧嚷地”,可与任何表示声响的动词搭配。
Loud:表示“声音大”,作形容词时,可以作表语和定语;作副词时,常与laugh, read, speak, talk等动词搭配使用,还可以与loudly替换使用。
Aloud:多指出声,可以让人听得见,但声音不一定很大,是副词。
Who is knocking at the door loudly? 谁在使劲敲门?
Try to sing louder. 试着再大点声唱。
Read the text aloud. 朗读课文。
5.They write down a list of things... 他们会将这些决心写下来列个单子……
a list of 一列,一栏
He wrote down a list of names on the paper. 他在纸上写下一列名字。
Here is a list of English words. 这是一份英语单词表。
6. I will help out more at home. 我将要在家多帮忙。
help out的意思是“帮……分担工作”。
Is there anything I can do to help out? 有需要我帮忙做的事情吗?
help sb. out 意思是“帮助某人解决难题”。
If you can't finish I'll help you out. 如果你做不完,我会帮你一把。
注意
代词作help out的宾语时,需放在help和out的中间。
7. Whenthey have made their list,they read it to their family or friends and promise to follow their resolutions. 当写完新年所下的决心后,他们会读给家人或朋友听,并许诺要实现他们的决心。
(1)promise作动词,意为“保证;发誓;允诺”,promise的用法如下:
1. promise (not) to do sth.答应/许诺(不)做某事
You must promise not to mention it. 你必须发誓不提此事。
2. promisc sth. to sb. /promise sb. sth.
He promised the money to his grandchildren.
他答应把这笔钱给他的孙子孙女们。
3. promise + that从句
He promised that he would help me. 他答应要帮我。
(2)resolution意为“决心;决定;议案”等,是可数名词。
At the beginning of this year, I made a resolution to study hard.
新年开始时,我下定决心要努力学习。
8. So it doesn't matter how they celebrate, for people in countries all over the world, it's a time to say goodbye to the old year, and to welcome the new. 因此对世界各国的人来说,如何庆祝新年并不重要,重要的是新年是人们告别过去的一年,迎接新的一年的时刻。
(1)for people in countries all over the world 是一个插入语;to say goodbye to the old year和to welcome the new是并列的动词不定式结构。
(2) say goodbye to…与……说再见,向……告别
She didn't even say goodbye to her mother. 她甚至没有向她母亲逍别。
拓展
say sorry to... 向……道歉
say yes to 同意,赞成
say no to 拒绝
say hello to...向……问好
9. Do people all over the world always celebrate the new year at the same time?
全世界的人们总是同时庆祝新年吗?
at the same time 同时
at the same time在本句中意为“同时”,另外,还可意为“然而”,表示前后两个分句在意义上的转折。
We both got to school at the same time this morning. 今天早上我们俩同时到校。
He works hard, but at the same time he doesn't do well in his lessons.
他学习很努力,然而他的功课却不好。
第3单元
内容详解
1. Do you do your homework before you have dinner? 你在吃晚饭之前做家庭作业吗?
before连词,意为“在……之前”,在本句中引导时间状语从句:
I’ll ring you up before I leave home. 我离开家以前将给打电话。
He will be back before five o'clock. 他会在5点钟以前回来。
辨折:before与ago
before 泛指以前,与过去时或完成时连用
ago指从现在算起若干时间以前,常与过去时连用
I've seen that film before. 我以前看过那部影片。
I met him a few minutes ago. 我在几分钟以前见过他。
2. Do you get out of bed as soon as you wake up? 你—睡醒就起床吗?
get out of bed(= get up)起床
What time do you get out of bed every day? 你每天什么时候起床?
The boy got out of bed at six this morning. 这个男孩儿今天早上6点起床了。
拓展
get into bed就寝
go to bed上床睡觉
in bed已经上床
I got into bed early last night. 我昨天晚上睡得很早。
I went to bed at ten o'clock last night. 昨天晚上我10点上床睡觉。
When she called, I was already in bed. 她打电话时,我已经上床了。
3. Some people even colour their hair green for the celebration!
一些人为了庆祝,甚至把他们的头发也染成绿色!
Colour 动词,意为“涂颜色于;着色”。
The little girl was colouring pictures with crayons. 这个小女孩正在用蜡笔在图画上涂颜色。
拓展
(1)colour名词,意为“色彩;颜色”。
What colour do you like? 你喜欢什么颜色?
(2)colourful形容词,意为“富有色彩的;多姿多彩的”。 He gave a colourful account of life in Samoa. 他生动地叙述了萨摩亚群岛上的生活。
Module 9 Heroes
第一单元
内容详解
l. But the last piece is coming up. 但最后一支曲子马上就要开始了。
come up的用法:
(1)发生;出现
The problem never came up. 从不曾出现过这个问题。
I'm afraid something has come up. 恐怕发牛了什么事。
(2)被提出;被讨论
The question hasn't come up yet. 问题尚未被提出。
(3)(指种子、草本植物等)长出地面
The seeds haven't come up yet. 种子还没有发芽。
拓展
come up with意为“提出?提供”。
He usually comes up with some good ideas. 他通常能提出一些好主意。
come up with还意为“追上,赶上,跟上”。
We came up with the climbers at the top of the hill. 我们在山顶赶上了那些爬山者。
come短语集结号:
(1)come from 来自
Tom comes from Canada. 汤姆来自加拿大。
(2)come on加油,赶快
Come on, we ll be late for school. 快点,我们要上学迟到了。
(3)come bark 回来
When he came back from work, it was nearly midnight.
当他下班回来时,已经接近午夜了。
2. I’m looking forward to this! 我一直期待着(听这支曲子)!
Look forward to盼望,期望,期待
这里的to是介词,后面跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
We are looking forward to seeing you soon. 我们盼望着早日见到你。
Wang Lin is looking forward to this evening's date. 王林在期待着今晚的约会。
3. No,she missed the final practiceso that Kylie could play this piece of music on her own.
不,她没参加最后的排练,为的是能让凯丽独奏这支曲子。
(1)so that主要用来引导目的状语从句。其从句中的谓语动词通常和can, may, should等情 态动词连用,而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号,意为“以便,使能够”。
I left at 6:00 so that I could catch the train. 我6点钟出门,以便能赶上火车。
You must go now so that you won't be late. 为了不迟到,你现在必须走。
拓展
so that也可以引导结果状语从句,表示“以致,结果是”。
He got up late so that he missed the bus. 他起晚了,所以没赶上公共汽车。
(2)on one's own (= alone) 独自,自己,也町以与 all by oneself 互换。
I'm all on my own today. 今天我是独自一人。
Kevin built a house on his own. = Kevin built a house all by himself. 凯文独自盖了一栋小屋。
辨析:on one’s own 与 of one' s own
on one’s own 意为“独自,自己”,一般用作状语
of one' s own 意为“(某人)自己的”,一般用作定语
一言辩异
He has a house of his own, and the house was built on his own last year, so he is the owner of the house. 他有一座自己的房子,这座房子是去年他独自建的,所以他是该房子的主人。
4. She said her hand hurt, but that was only an excuse. 她说她的手疼,但那只是一个借口。
excuse作名词时,意为“借口”,读音为/ik’skju:s/ ;作动词时,意为“原谅”,读音为/ik’skju:z/。
She made an excuse for her being late. 她为自己的迟到找了个借口。
Please excuse me for arriving late. 请原谅我来晚了。
拓展
Make / find an excuse 找借口 a good/poor excuse 好/差的借口
辨析:excuse me 与 I'm sorry
excuse me 常用于要走开,打扰别人或表示异议等场合
I'm sorry 常用于犯某种错误后表示歉意
Excuse me,can you tell me the way to the station? 劳驾,你能告诉我去车站怎么走吗?
I'm sorry, but I can't go to work today. 很抱歉,今天我不能去上班。
5. I imagine that she did it so that Kylie could avoid problems with her parents.
我想她那么做是为了避免凯丽和她父母之间产生矛盾。
avoid是及物动词,意为“逃避;避免”,多指经过事先的考虑,故意避开不愿见到的人或预料中的不愉快、危险等。
(1)avoid+名词/代词
We'd better avoid the rush hour traffic. 我们最好避开交通高峰期。
(2)avoid+ v.-ing
We must avoid making the same mistake. 我们必须避免犯同样的错误。
6. It was very brave of her. 她真有勇气。
句型It’s + adj. + of / for sb. to do sth. 表示“对某人来说,做某事是……(样子的)”,句中用介词of还是for,要取决于前面的形容词。
(1)如果该形容词是描述后面提到的人的品质或性格的,用of。常用的形容词有Kind, nice, clever 等。
It is kind of you to help me. 你能帮我,你真是太好了。
(2)如果该形容词只是描述事物,而不是对后面提到的人进行评价,则用for。常用的形容词有:difficult, hard, easy, important, dangerous等。
It's dangerous for you to climb that tree. 对你来说,爬那棵树很危险。
注意
用of sb.的句型一般都可以转换为动词不定式作状语的句子,而用for sh.的句型则不可以。
It's nice of you to offer me a seat. = You are nice to offer me a seat. 你给我让座,你真好。
7. 1t was a very kind thought这是一个非常善解人意的想法。
thought名词,意为“想法,考虑”。
Have you got any thoughts about our next holiday? 我们下个假日怎么过,你有什么想法吗?
After much thought he decided not to buy the car. 经过仔细考虑后他决定不买汽车了。
拓展
At the thought of 一想到
Give(a)thought to 想一想,考虑一下
in thought 左思右想,在沉思
第2单元
内容详解
l. He gave his life to helping the Chinese people. 他为帮助中国人民而献出了自己的生命。
give one's life to... 意为“献身于……”。
(1)give one's life to + 名词
The young man gave his life to his work. 这位年轻人为工作而殉职。
(2)give one's life to + v.-ing(因为to是介词,故动词要换成v. -ing形式)
He gave his life to helping the poor. 他为帮助穷人奉献了一生。
The Canadian doctor gave all his life to helping the Chinese people.
那位加拿大医生为帮助中国人民奉献了一生。
I’d like to give my life to saving the animals. 我愿意奉献一生来拯救这些动物。
拓展
lose one's life 丧命
take one's life 谋害某人
cost one's life使某人丧命
2. Later he invented new treatments to help soldiers, and medical tools to use outside hospitals.
后来,他发明了新的治疗方法用来帮助那些士兵,并且还发明了用于医院之外的医疗器械。
invent动词,意为“发明;创造”。
Who invented the steam engine? 谁发明了蒸汽机?
When was the computer invented? 电脑发明于何时?
拓展
[动] invent 发明 [动]discover 发现
[名] invention 发明(物)
[名] discovery 发现(物)
[名] inventor发明者
[名]discoverer发现者
辨:invent 与 discover
invent意为“发明;创造”,指“客观没有,被人发明”
discover 意为“发现”,指“客观存在,被人发现”
—言辨异
Gilbert discovered electricity, and Edison invented the electric light bulb.
吉尔伯特发现了电,愛迪生发明了电灯。
3. Dr Bethune worked very hard without stopping to rest.
白求恩医生努力工作,不停下来休息。
stop后既可以跟动名词,又可以跟动词不定式,其意思有所不问。
stop doing sth.表示停下doing(动名词)的动作,即“停止正在做的事”Stop to do sth.
则表示停下其他事情,做to do(动词不定式)的动作,即“停下来去做某事”。
He stopped smoking. 他停止了吸烟。
He stopped to smoke. 他停下来去吸烟。
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in. 老师进来时,学生们停止了讲话。
4. Once, he performed operations for 69 hours without stopping...
有一次,他连续做了 69个小时的手术……
(1)perform operations 意为“做手术”。
拓展
① operate on / upon意为“给……动手术”,该短语为动词短语,后接表示人的名词或代词,也可接身体的一部分。
The doctor performed an operation on / upon the old man.
= The doctor operated on the old man. 医生给这位老人动了手术。
② have an operation意为“做手术”,该短语中的have有“进行”的意思,表示某人因健康问题而进行手术,主语常是病人。
The girl has just had an operation. 那个女孩刚做了一个手术。
注意
do an operation的主语是医生,而不是病人。
The doctor did an operation on the man. 医生给那个人做了一个手术。
(2)without是介词,含义是“没有”,后面如果接动词时,要用动词的ing形式。
Fish can't live without water. 鱼儿离开水就不能生存。
He went to school without eating any breakfast. 他没有吃早饭就去上学了。
5. He continued working in spite of cutting his hand during an operation.
尽管在做一个手术时割破了手,但他仍然继续工作。
in spite of短语介词,意为“尽管……”,常引导让步状语(从句)。
I went shopping in spite of the rain. 尽管下雨,我还是出去买东西了。
In spite of great efforts, I failed the exam. 尽管我付出了很多努力,我还是没通过考试。
拓展
常用来引导让步状语从句的还有though和although。
Although/Though he was worn out, (still)he kept on working.
虽然他已经精疲力竭了,但仍然继续工作。
Although/Though he is very old,(yet)he is quite strong.
他虽然年纪大了,但身体还很健壮。
中考链接
______ you have tried it on, you can't imagine how pretty the new style skirt is.
A. Because B. Although C. Unless D. When
解析:本题考查连词的用法。because“因为”;although“尽管,既然”;unless ( = if not) “如果不”;when“当……时”。由后半句“你想象不到这条新款的裙子有多么漂亮”知前半句句意为“如果你不试穿一下”。故选C项。
答案:C
6. In the end, he died because he did not stop to take care of his hand.
最后,他由于没有停下来去医治自己的手而牺牲了。
(1)in the end 最后
In the end, our class won the football match. 最后,我们班赢得了这场足球赛。
It was difficult, but I did it in the end. 这事很难,但最终我还是做成了。
辨析:in the end, finally 与 at last
in the end:“终于”,可用于预测将来,finally, at last则不能
finally:“最后”,只指一系列事物或论点的顺序,一般不带感情色彩。
at last:有时可与finally互换,但往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后,因而带有较浓厚的感情色彩,如不耐烦,放心、如愿等。
(2)take care of(= look after)照顾
There was nobody to take care of him. 没有人照顾他。
I took care of him carefully when he was sick. 他生病时我细心地照顾他。
7. …and he is still remembered in both Canada and China.
…… 在加拿大和中国,他仍然被人们所怀念。
both…and…的意思是“……和……都,不但……而且……,既……又……”。
She both speaks and writes Japanese. 她不仅会说而且还会写日语。
注意
作为关联并列连词,both…and... 通常连接两个相同性质的句子成分,但有时后一个成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。另外,若连接两个成分作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
Both she and he were pleased with the girl. 她和他都喜欢这个女孩。
第3单元
内容详解
1. Yang Liwei joined the space programme because he wanted to be an astronaut.
杨利伟加入了太空计划,因为他想成为一名宇航员。
(1)join动词,意为“参加,加入”。
Why don’t you join an English club? 你为什么不加入一个英语俱乐部呢?
Would you like to join us? 你愿意加入我们吗?
辨析:join与take part in
Join:指参加某党派、团体、军队等组织,并且成为其中一员。
take part in:指参加活动(比赛)或在活动中负有责任。
His father joined the Party last year. 他父亲去年入党了。
I took part in the game. 我参加了这场比赛。
He has lost of friends because he is friendly. 因为他很友好,所以他有许多朋友。
辨析:because 与because of
Because:引导状语从句,表示直接而明确的原因或理由
because of:后接名词或代词,当thanks to意为“由于”时可与其互换。
He didn’t attend the meeting because he had too much work to do.
他因为要干的活太多,所以没有参加会议。
Because of illness, the boy did not go to school. 因为生病,这个男孩没有去上学。
2. He went to university in order to become a doctor. 他去上大学为的是成为一名医生。
In order to意为“目的是;为了;以便”,后接动词原形,构成in order to do sth. 结构;引导目的状语。可与so that互换,但是要注意so that 后接从句。
I have to work harder in order to catch up with others. = I have to work harder so that I can catch up with others. 为了赶上别人,我不得不更加努力工作。
3. Before she arrived, many soldiers died in the hospital because it was dirty.
在她到达之前,许多士兵在医院里死去,因为那儿太脏了。
Die动词,意为“死”
He died in battle. 她战死疆场。
辨析:die of 与die from
die of:死因存在于人体之上或之内(主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因),如die of illness(heart trouble, cancer, etc.)“死于疾病(心脏病、癌症等)”
die from:死因是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因),如die from an earthquake(a traffic accident, a lightning, etc)“死于地震(交通事故,雷击等)”
Nowadays many people die of cancer. 现在很多人死于癌症。
The young man died from a traffic accident. 那个年轻人死于一场交通事故。
Module 10 My perfect holiday
第1单元
内容详解
1. There it is! 在那里!
该句是倒装句,正常语序为:It is there! 在英语中,为了表示强调,特别是强调某个地点时,通常把表示地点的词或短语放在句子开头,谓语或谓语的一部分放在主语之前形成倒装。 There are your shoes. 你的鞋在那儿。
Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了!
注意
如果主语是代词,则主语要放在谓语之前。
Here it comes.(车或其他事物)来了。
Here it is. 它在这儿。
2. So would I 我也想!
这是一个倒装句,其结抅形式是“so + 连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语”,意为“某人/某物也一样”。
— I saw the Star Trek movie last night. 我昨天晚上看了《星际旅行》这部电影。
— So did I. 我也看了。
— I've got too much work to do. 我有太多的工作要做。
— So have I.我也足。
拓展
(1)前后两句主语不是同一个人,主谓倒装,肯定句中用so,否定句中用neither/ nor;so意为“也”,neither/nor意为“也不”。
— I like it. 我喜欢它。
— So do I. 我也喜欢。
— I don't like it. 我不喜欢它。
— Neither do I. 我也不喜欢。
(2)前后两句主语是同一个人,主谓不倒装,so意为“的确如此”。
— Tom works hard. 汤姆工作很努力。
—So he does. 的确如此。
中考链接
— I have changed my job.
— ______.
A. So do I B. So have I C. So I do D. So I have
解析:本题考查倒装句。so+连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语,意思是“某人也是如此”;so+主语+连系动词be/助动词/情态动词,意思是“的确如此”。由句意我已经换了份工作。” “我也是。”可知选B。
答案:B
用法歌诀
巧记so的用法
so 1 do,正常语序,“的确如此”,主语不变。
so do I,要倒装,表示“我也一样”。
I do so 放后头,代替前言免重复。
3. I’d be afraid that something would go wrong with the plane. 我担心飞机会出故障。
(1)在本句中be afraid of 后跟了一个that引导的从句。be afraid的常见用法有:
1. be afraid of意为“害怕”,后可接名词或动名词形式。
Marry was afraid of snakes when she was young. 玛丽小时候怕蛇。
Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. 不要怕犯错误。
2. be afraid to do sth. 意为“害怕做某事”。
He is afraid to go there at night. 他晚上不敢到那里去。
3. be afraid后面可跟that从句,意思是“恐怕……”。
I’m afraid (that) I can't go with you. 恐怕我不能和你一起去。
温馨提示
Afraid是一个表语形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。
(2)表达“……出毛病了”常用“Something goes / is wrong with…”这一句型。
Something has gone wrong with the television again. 电视机又坏了。
Something is wrong with my computer. 我的电脑出故障了。
4. Don’t be silly! 别傻了!
Silly形容词,意为“傻里傻气的”。
It’s silly of you to trust him. 你相信他的话,真是傻。
Don’t be silly, Lucy. 別犯傻,露西。
辨析:silly, foolish与stupid.
Silly:“傻”,着重于头脑简单、不懂事,有单纯、糊涂的意味
Foolish:“蠢”,着重指缺乏智慧或判断力。
Stupid:“笨”,着重于生理迟钝、反应迟钝。
5.You could go by boat or by train, although it would take so long that you’d need to come back immediately. 你可以坐船或火车,但那样会花很长时间,所以你会需要立即回来。
So…that…意为“如此……以致……”,so后接形容词或副词,也可以用few, little, many,mush修饰名词来表示程度,that后面的从句表结果。
He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor. 他病得很重,我们只好给他请医生了。
He was so happy that he forgot the time. 他太髙兴了,以致忘了时间。
注意
“So+形容词/副词+that…”结构中,如果结果状语从句是否定形式,可转换成 “too...to...”结构。
He was so weak that he could not walk. = He was too weak to walk. 他太虚弱了,不能走路。
中考链接
You study ______ hard ______ you're sure to pass the exam.
— Thank you for saying so.
A. enough;to B. as;as C. so;that
解析:enough…to后接动词原形,不能接从句,排除A项;as... as.. . “使……一样……”,表示同级比较,不符合语境;so…that“如此……以至于”,that引导结果状语从句。
答案:C
6. Your flight is now boarding. 您乘坐的航班开始登机了。
board可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,意为“上火车;上船;登机”等,此外,board还可以表示“搭伙;给……提供伙食;用木板盖/封上”等。
They boarded the plane at 9 am. 他们上午9点登上飞机。
He boards with Mr White.他和怀特先生搭伙。
Board the windows up,please. 请用木板把窗子封上。
7. Stay in touch!保持联系!
stay/keep/get/be in touch (with sb.)表示“(与某人)保持/取得/有联系”。
I don't stay in touch with my friends.我没有和我的朋友们保持联系。
拓展:
lose/be out of touch (with sb.) 表示“(与某人)失去联系”。
I've lost touch with all my old friends. 我与所有的老朋友都失去了联系。
第2单元
内容详解
1. Would life be as easy as when your parents are around? 生活会像你父母在家那样容易吗?
句中用到了as...as结构,当两者进行比较,且两者之间不分上下时,可以用as...as…。但要注意,放在as…as之间的形容词或副词一定要用其原形。另外,当前面的谓语动词是连系动词时,as...as之间应用形容词;当前面谓语动词是行为动词时,as…as之间应用副词。
Tom is as tall as Jim. 汤姆和吉姆一样高。
He can run as fast as I can. 他能跑得和我一样快。
拓展
not as/so…as...,表示前面比较的对象不如后面比较的对象……
My bag is not as/so heavy as yours. 我的书包不如你的重。
2. The 14-year-old girl says that she knows little about cooking.
这位14岁的女孩说她对做饭几乎一无所知。
14-year-old是由“数词十名词+形容词(long/wide/high/tall/old/deep),”构成的复合形容词,常常作定语,其中名词必须用单数形式。
a 500—metre—long bridge一座 500 米长的桥
a two-month-old baby 一个两个月大的婴儿
在用“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词作定语时,如果数词为8,11,18,80等,前面的不定冠词用an,因为这些数词的发音的第一个音素为元音。
Ann is an 8-year-old girl. 安是一个8岁的女孩。
中考链接
“Excuse me,how can I get to the nearest bus stop?”
“Go down this road. It's about ______ walk. ”
A. five minute’s B. five minutes’ C. five-minutes
解析:本题考查复合形容词的用法。five后跟可数名词的复数形式,故排除A。five后接“-”时名词应用单数形式,即five-minute。
答案:B
3. I can fill an empty stomach with tomato and egg soup, but that's all. 我可以用番茄鸡蛋汤充饥,但仅此而已。
Fill是动词,意为“装满,填满”,其常用结构为fill…with...“用……装满……”。
He filled my glass with beer. 他绐我的杯子倒满了啤酒。
He filled the stocking with Christmas presents. 他在袜子里装满了圣诞礼物。
拓展
fill.. with...“用……装满……”;be full of…
“充满……,装满……”
Be filled with = be full of
The glass is filled with / full of water. 杯子里装满了水。
4. “…We wouldn’t know what to do, or how to look after ourselves, ”said Zheng.
“……我们不知道要做什么或怎样照顾自己。”郑说道。
What to do是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,在句中作动词know的宾语。
有些动词(如:show,teach,know,forget,learn,remember,understand, see,wonder,hear, explain, decide,discuss等)后面常用带疑问词的动词不定式作宾语。
We don’t know who/whom to ask. 我们不知道问谁。
Do you understand what to do? 你明白做什么了吗?
Have you decided where to go for your holiday? 你们决定到哪儿度假了吗?
拓展
这种疑问词+动词不定式”结构实质上是一个名词性结构,可以代替一个宾语从句。把这些宾语从句简化的前提是:从句的主语必须和主句的主语或宾语是一致的。
Can you tell me when I should water the flowers?
Can you tell me when to water the flowers? 你能告诉我什么时候浇花吗?
中考链接
— Excuse me,could you tell me how ______ to Beijing Zoo?
— Well,you may take Bus No. 27.
A. get B. gets C. gettingD.to get
解析:本题考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的用法。疑问代词who, whom, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等放在动词不定式前构成一类特殊的动词不定式,这种结构具有名词的性质,在句中可作主语、宾语或表语等。句意:“劳驾,你能告诉我怎样到北京动物园吗?”“好的,你可以乘27路公共汽车。” 答案:I)
5. Although Zheng believes that basic life skills, such as cooking and washing clothes, are especially important, she doesn’t think teenagers get enough practice. 虽然郑认为像做饭、洗衣服这些基本生活技能极其重要,但她觉得青少年得不到充分的锻炼。
(1)在“I think/believe+宾语从句”这一主从复合句中,若宾语从句是否定的,只能否定主句,这种现象叫“否定前置”。
I don't think he’ll come here. 我想他不会来这儿。
注意
“I don't think+宾语从句”这一主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时,附加问句的主语和助动词由宾语从句的主语和谓语来决定,且要用肯定形式。
I don't think chickens can swim, can they? 我认为鸡不会游泳,对吗?
(2)enough形容词,意为“足够的,充足的”,常用于名词前作定语。
There is enough food for ten people. 有足够 10 个人吃的食物。
Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。
拓展
enough还可作副词,意为“足够地;充分地”,常用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,放在这些词的后面。可简记作“名前形副后”。
Have you played enough? 你玩够了吗?
I'm old enough to choose my own clothes. 我足够大了,可以选择自己的衣服了。
They cannot walk fast enough. 他们走得不够快。
中考链接
根据语境,选词填空。
“Shall I get some flowers for my mom? ”“No,that's not special______.”(enough,too)
解析:enough是副词,意为“足够地”,常放在所修饰的形容词或副词之后,too则没有这种用法。
答案:enough
6. They don’t learn any life skills until they go to college.
他们直到上了大学才学一些生活技能。
go to college 上大学
Do you plan to go to college? 你打算上大学吗?
温馨提示
指某人上大学时,通常不用定冠词the;如果是另有原因到大学去才用the。
He's going to college in October. 他10 月份就要上大学了。
He went to the college to listen to a concert last week. 他上星期到那所大学去听音乐会了。
7. In his opinion, many teenagers depend too much on their parents, and there is much more to learn than cooking, like“tidying up your room or even dressing yourself properly”。
在他看来,很多青少年过于依赖父母,除了做饭以外,还有很多要学习的,比如说“整理自己的房间,甚至恰当地穿衣打扮”。
(1)depend on依靠,依赖
The price depends on the quality. 价格由质量决定。
(2)dress oneself 指“穿衣服”,dress的宾语是人而不是衣服。dress作名词时,含义是“服装,女装”。
Please hurry up and dress yourself. 请赶快穿好衣服。
The mother is dressing the baby. 那个妈妈正在给孩子穿衣服。
The dress is fit for you. 这套衣服适合你。
拓展
动词dress可构成短语dress up,意为“乔装打扮,穿上最好的衣服”。get dressed“穿衣,打扮”。
The children are dressing up as pirates. 孩子们正在装扮成海盗。
She likes to dress up for a party. 她喜欢把自己打扮得漂漂亮亮地去参加晚会。
8.For most teenagers it wouldn’t be a holiday at all.
对于大多数的青少年来说,这根本就算不上假期。
Not…at all意为“一点儿也不……”,用在否定句中,加强语气。
He doesn’t like to learn history at all. 他根本不喜欢学习历史。
I didn’t enjoy that party at all. 我一点儿也不喜欢那次聚会。
拓展
Not at all. 意为:“没关系”。“一点也不。”另外,它还有“不用谢。”的意思,相当于:
You’re welcome./It’s my pleasure.
试比较:
— Would you mind cleaning the yard? 你介意打扫院子吗?
— No, not at all. 不,一点儿也不介意。
— Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。
—Not at all. 不用谢。
第3单元
内容详解
1. Taking off is noisy, but it’s silly to be afraid.(飞机)起飞有噪音,但是害怕是可笑的。
Take off的用法:
(1)(飞机等)起飞
Our plane took off at 8:00 yesterday. 我们的飞机是昨天 8:00 起飞的。
(2)脱下(衣服)
Don't take off your coat. It's very cold today. 别脱下大衣,今天天很冷。
中考链接
It’s very hot here. Why not ______ your coat?
A. put on B. try on C. take off D. turn off
解析:本题结合语境考查动词短语辨析。put on“穿上”;try on“试穿’;take off“脱下”;turn off“关闭”。由前半句“这儿很热”知C项符合题意。
答案:C
2. On a long flight, they provide food, so passengers aren't travelling on empty stomachs. 在很长的飞行中,他们提供食物,所以旅客们并不是空着肚子旅行。
provide意为“提供;供应;供给”,其常见用法有:
(1)provide sth.提供某物
Sheep provide wool. 羊产羊毛。
(2)provide sb. with sth.或 provide sth. for sb. 提供给某人某物
The sun provides us with light and heat.
= The sun provides light and heat for us. 太阳带给我们光和热。
3. You go to the airport and see them off. 你去机场为他们送行。
see... off表示“为……送行”。
I went to the airport to see him off. 我去机场为他送行。
4. You say, “It’s fine. I’ll manage.”你说:“这很好,我会应付好一切的。”
manage动词,意为“设法做到”。
The box was heavy but he managed to carry it. 这个箱子很重,但是他设法搬动了。
[搭配]
manage to do sth. 设法做成某事
辨析:manage to do sth.与 try to do sth.
manage to do sth. 表示“设法做成了某事”,强调结果。
try to do sth. 表示“试图做;设法做”,强调动作,不表示成功与否。
How did you manage to get there? 你是怎么设法到达那里的?
We'll try to improve our teaching methods. 我们将设法改进教学方法。
5. The floor, roof and walls are all made of ice. 地板、房顶和墙都是用冰做的。
be made of…由……制成
The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是用木头做成的。
辨析:be made of, be made from, be made into. be made by与be made in
成品 + be made+ of+材料(不变质)
成品 + be made+ from+材料(变质)
材料 + be made into +成品
成品 +be made by+制造者
成品 + be made in+产地
The House is made of wood. 这房子是用木头建造的。
Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是用葡萄酿的。
Grapes are made into wine. 葡萄被用来酿葡萄酒。
The table is made by his father. 这张桌子是他父亲做的。
The car is made in Japan. 这辆汽车是在日本制造的。
中考链接
— Can you tell me how to make apple juice?
— Sure. Please watch carefully and you will see how it______.
A. is made B. is making C. makes D. will make
解析:本题考查被动语态。主句中“you will see”用了一般将来时,从句可以根据需要用任何时态。从句中主语it与谓语动词make之间是被动关系,故选A。
答案:A